摘要:

ABSTRACTThe scope, measurement basis and limitations of 22 primary industrial waste data sources are described. Data access information is also provided while most of the data have serious limitations, they do serve as a starting point from which to improve data collection methods and our understanding of industrial waste generation.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.1

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Research Triangle Institute conducted comprehensive surveys of the generation and management of hazardous waste for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The survey of waste generation found that 747.4 million tons of hazardous waste were generated by 12,478 large quantity generators during 1986; over 90 percent of the waste was wastewater managed on the site where it was generated and 92 percent of the waste was in the form of wastewaters. This paper will describe data collection methods used in the survey and will describe the sources, geographical distribution, and the characteristics of the hazardous wastes generated in 1986. A brief discussion of confidence limits and survey limitations is also included.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.19

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe National Hazardous Waste Survey was used to examine hazardous waste management methods. The methods used to manage industrial hazardous waste were grouped into 16 technological categories. For each category, the types of waste managed, the industry sectors generating the waste and the geographical distribution of management technologies are reported. Since many wastes are managed using a sequence of technologies, the interdependence of waste management methods was also examined. The survey reveals that wastemater treatment processes handle the vast majority of hazardous waste treatment (approximately 730 million tons in 1986). Incineration and waste reuse as fuel were used to manage on the order of 4 million tons in 1986. Geographical distribution of management facilities closely mirrors geographical distributions of waste generation since 96% of wastes examined in this survey are managed on site. However, the geographical distribution of particular management technologies is far from uniform. For example, underground injection is most commonly used in EPA Region VI while waste piles are most commonly used in Region V.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.37

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is required by section 313 of the 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. By law, all manufacturing facilities that employ ten or more persons full time must provide annual emissions estimates for over 300 toxic chemicals and 20 chemical categories which are manufactured, processed, or used in excess of certain threshold amounts. This paper summarizes the data available, through the TRI, for 1987 and 1988 releases and transfers of listed toxic chemicals. The data are described at greater length in EPA reports (1); the data contained in the TRI is used by Congress and Federal and State government agencies, the press, public interest groups, industry, and the public.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.61

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe American Petroleum Institute (API) initiated this survey to chronicle the generation and management of wastes and secondary materials in the petroleum refining industry. Responses to the survey were obtained from refiners representing 80% of domestic refining capacity; this allowed reliable extrapolation of the findings to the entire refining industry. Based on the survey, it was estimated that the entire domestic refining industry generated 16.1 million wet tons of waste and 16.0 million wet tons in 1988. These rates of waste generation represent less than 3% of total crude throughput.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.73

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTSince 1981, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) has conducted an annual hazardous waste survey of its member companies. These data, which are obtained voluntarily, are used to characterize industry's response to waste concerns. The data are particularly valuable for establishing temporal trends. For example the data indicate that generation of hazardous solid waste has decreased by 29% from 1981 to 1989 for consistent survey respondents. Such trend analyses can only be obtained if companies respond every year, so, beginning with the 1990 data, participation in the survey becomes mandatory for CMA member facilities as part of the Responsible Care® Pollution Prevention Code of Practice. The data cited in this paper are drawn directly from the database

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.85

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTOf the 12 billion tons of waste generated annually in the United States; less than 10% is defined as hazardous under the provisions of RCRA. This paper summarizes the data available on some of the wastes that are defined as non-hazardous. These wastes include industrial non-hazardous waste, and several types of wastes that are currently exempted from hazardous waste regulations, such as oil and gas waste, mining wastes and other categories.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.91

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Illinois Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center (HWRIC) has sponsored some 22 research studies to catalog and develop a database on waste generation and management in Illinois. This paper discusses why the present database is not adequate to answer many questions presently being asked concerning the success of industrial pollution prevention projects and the risks that waste streams pose to the environment. The data limitations are in the types of information required of industry, the lack of scientific data on the effects of wastes, and in the quality of data reported.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1992.9.97

年代:1992

数据来源: MAL