摘要:

ABSTRACTAlthough restrictions on the landfilling of hazardous industrial wastes have greatly increased, most municipal wastes are still disposed of in soil lined pits that can readily leak contaminated leachates to the subsurface environment. Since municipal waste landfills are numerous and contain many of the same compounds as found in industrial wastes, it is essential to evaluate the risks to human health and the environment from exposure to ground water contaminated with municipal waste landfill leachate.The present study was undertaken to compile chemical constituent and concentration data and, also, to estimate the risk which would be associated with exposure to the organic pollutants found in leachate from industrial and municipal waste landfills. Toxic and cancer causing chemicals were found in the leachates from all 58 landfills for which data were available irrespective of the type of waste which they received. Although different groups of pollutants are found in the different landfills, the concentrations and toxicity are such that the leachate from some municipal waste landfills may cause as great a cancer risk as those from industrial waste landfills. The risk calculations based on suspect carcinogens only indicate that the estimated carcinogenic potency for the leachate from some municipal landfills may be similar to the carcinogenic potency for the leachate from the Love Canal landfill.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.1

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.31

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTEnvironment Canada, in co-operation with Flakt Canada, conducted a series of comprehensive tests on two pilot-scale air pollution control systems. The tests were designed to determine the capability of these systems to control emissions of dioxin, other trace organics, metals, acid gases, etc. Field testing was completed in August/September 1985 for two different designs: one using a wet-dry scrubber (spray-dryer) plus fabric filter and the other using a dry scrubber plus fabric filter. The systems were constructed by Flakt Canada and were erected adjacent to the mass burning incinerator in Quebec City.Many different operating conditions were tested to identify optimum removal efficiency for all pollutants of concern. Final results were very significant. Flue gas temperature was found to be an important operating variable for achieving high removal efficiency for many of the pollutants measured. Appropriate operating conditions were Identified to obtain extremely high removal efficiencies for dioxins and furans (>99%), other trace organics (>98%), heavy metals, including arsenic and lead (>99%), and up to 97% for mercury. Excellent removal (>95%) was also obtained for acid gases, i.e. HC1 and SO2.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.53

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aqueous phase oxidation of m-xylene and tetrachloroethylene has been studied in a batch reactor over a temperature and pressure range of 523 to 563 K and 10.3 to 17.2 MPa, respectively, in the presence of a well-characterized soil. Oxidation rates have been compared to previously measured rates in the absence of soil. The soil has been found to have a serious inhibiting effect on m-xylene oxidation, but to have virtually no effect on the rate of tetrachloroethylene disappearance. The m-xylene inhibition is interpreted by postulating that the soil serves as a free radical scavenger, thus preventing the concentration of free radicals in solution from reaching the level required for the chain mechanism to become self-propagating. An alternate and substantially slower mechanism then becomes responsible for m-xylene oxidation in the presence of soil. In contrast, soil-free tetrachloroethylene oxidation is not thought to proceed by a free radical mechanism. Hence, the addition of the soil has no effect on its oxidation rate.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.65

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTRadioactive and chemical wastes represent a wide range of technical and policy issues, with numerous similarities and differences. The transfer of information from one to guide control decisions and policies for the other has been minimal perhaps because of perspective. Study of the features of these two waste categories indicates that radioactive waste management could profit from the siting and waste categorization approaches used for chemical wastes; industrial waste management could profit from the experience base developed for radioactive wastes on approaches used in risk assessment, control of bulk wastes, and use of geologic isolation for highly toxic wastes.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.73

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe hypochlorite method of cyanide removal from electroplating wastewaters (both real and simulated) is compared to that of air stripping for cyanide removal, and recovery as sodium cyanide. The cyanide, as HCN, is purged with air at about 80 C, and then absorbed in a 1.5% sodium hydroxide solution. Although sodium cyanide is not a precious commodity the process can be cost effective for concentrated electroplating baths. Removal of cyanide was generally better by air stripping than by standard hypochlorite destruction. Additionally, 97.3 to 100% of the cyanide was recovered by a sodium hydroxide bath, and the removal of metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Na and Zn) by sulfide precipitation was equivalent or better than the removal following hypochlorite destruction.

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.85

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

ISSN:0882-5696    

DOI:10.1089/hwm.1988.5.x

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL