ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<3::AID-JCOP2290200102>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<7::AID-JCOP2290200103>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe postmodern era is a period of transition from the 300‐year‐long modern period. Community psychology as a field is faced with the challenge of what to do in the period of transition. This article sets the historical context of the challenge in the modern period with the traditional laboratory science model as the solution to a concern about social uncertainty and chaos. An alternative, human science, developed in the late 19th century, is the tradition that community psychology should draw on. Human science provides the philosophical basis for a humanistic science with a value base oriented toward a more just and equitable world. An eight‐step reflection on the recent name change of the Division of Community Psychology to the Society for Community Research and Action yielded the conclusion that the field should consider two moves: (a) the development of a theory of community and (b) the development of a theory of praxis. This article and that by Dokecki (this issue) offer complementary approaches to both matters. These two additions should help position the field to become an actor in shaping the postmodern world of the

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<10::AID-JCOP2290200104>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combination of generative‐reflective practice and human science provides a powerful postpositivist rationale for community research and action. As a foundation for this rationale, the paper begins with an analysis of persons‐in‐community and of caring as the core of community psychology intervention. This analysis is based on work of 20th‐century Scottish philosopher John Macmurray. In Macmurray's view, the person and the community are hierarchically and emergently organized at mechanistic, organic, and personal levels. This multilevel organization requires multiple methods: experimental and functional studies, systems studies, interpretive studies, and worldview (Weltanschauung) studies. Such a methodological framework is comprehensive, nondualistic, and holistic. It promises to enable community psychologists to address the complexity of the life of persons‐in‐community and the many pressing intervention tasks we face in the postmodern world (Newbrough,

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<26::AID-JCOP2290200105>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship of work‐related support to mental and physical health was examined among a random sample of 362 women employed as social workers and licensed practical nurses. Work‐related support was found to have a direct effect on employed women's mental and physical health. However, work‐related support did not buffer the impact of job demands on h

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<36::AID-JCOP2290200106>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo samples (N= 112 and 115) of females aged 65–85, recruited from senior centers and groups, were surveyed with respect to the determinants of their use of physician services. The results of the two samples are fairly consistent: (a) Sociodemographic variables are not useful in predicting physician utilization; (b) health status accounts for about 30% of the variance in frequency of visits; (c) psychosocial factors, in particular loneliness‐distress, account for an additional 13%–14% of the variance in frequency of visits; (d) when subject to discriminant analysis, health status and psychosocial variables together correctly classify about 60% of the high utilizers (those in the top quarter of the sample in physician visit rate), with a less than 10% false‐positi

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<43::AID-JCOP2290200107>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between the length of time spent homeless and employment outcomes for homeless participants in job training programs. Participants furnished information about their psychological resources (internality and learned resourcefulness) and social support when they entered employment training programs. Employment outcomes were status as employed or unemployed at termination from the programs and the level of employment at follow‐up, approximately 3 weeks after termination from training. Participants reported on the number of weeks they had been homeless prior to program entrance. Psychological resources and social support were expected to buffer against a negative influence of a greater duration of homelessness on the employment outcomes. For persons who had lower levels of psychological resources and social support, endurance of a greater period of time homeless was associated with less successful employment outcomes. Implications for the provision of employment services to homeless individuals are discusse

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<57::AID-JCOP2290200108>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes an action‐research project which contributed to mobilizing a community to respond to homelessness in a large Southern California city. The project involved collaboration among a city‐sponsored Task Force, a grass‐roots coalition, and a university. The project core was a needs assessment which served as a basis for advocacy by the Task Force and a coalition of service providers and citizens. Empirical findings are reported along with political impacts including the ultimate fate of recommendations adopted by city government. An analysis of factors constraining policies relating to homelessness at the level of mid‐size municipalities suggests that advocacy strategies must link local efforts with regional, state, and/or national levels to be effective. This conclusion, if valid and general, has significant implications for the theory and practice of community psy

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<72::AID-JCOP2290200109>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a community survey on the use of professional help, reading materials, and group programs for three common problems in living: coping with stress and anxiety, dealing with problems in child‐rearing, and coping with problems with alcohol or drugs. Respondents were 581 residents of a city in the Canadian midwest. Reading material was the most commonly used source of help for child‐rearing and stress and anxiety problems, followed by professional help and group programs. The three sources of help were used with approximately equal frequency for alcohol and drug problems. The results suggest that the self‐help reading materials and group programs have a high degree of public acceptance and that the optimal utilization of these services should be studied in more

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<84::AID-JCOP2290200110>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis exploratory study, undertaken to inform new prevention strategies, assessed the willingness of community members and drug users to advise drug‐using relatives about various HIV prevention strategies. Participants were 421 adult community members and 67 adults in treatment for drug abuse in San Francisco, with approximately equal numbers of Hispanics and non‐Hispanic Whites in each group. Participants answered questions about whether they would advise an imagined relative who injects drugs about various strategies to prevent transmission of HIV, such as cleaning needles with bleach and condom use. Multivariate analyses revealed generally high willingness to provide AIDS prevention advice, with few differences between community members and those in drug treatment. The families of drug users are underutilized potential resources in AIDS education and prevention effo

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<90::AID-JCOP2290200111>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY