摘要:

AbstractWith the rapid growth in the literature on social support and psychological disorder, a review of the area is in order. The present article describes current conceptualizations of social support, and presents a distillation of empirical evidence on the relationships among stress, social support, and psychological disorder. The structure of support links and the quality of the relationships they provide appear to be associated with a range of mental health issues. Methodological problems with current research are assessed, and suggestions for appropriate design and conceptualization are offered.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<3::AID-JCOP2290110102>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe findings from seven factor analytic studies of social indicators at the subnational level constitute the starting point for this review of the relationship of social indicators, defined as measures of individual and family welfare, and social structure. This definition acknowledges the normative element in social indicators, but it does not specify the direction that they must move in order to be considered “good” or “bad.” Three approaches to explaining social indicators are then reviewed: an indicator‐specific model as exemplified by Anderson's analysis of infant mortality; an institution‐specific model illustrated by Bidwell and Kasarda's study of the effectiveness of Colorado school districts; and a systemic‐structural model, embodied in R. Young's studies of the social organization of the 48 states in relationship to social indicators. Although all three approaches have problems, the last is claimed to be the m

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<22::AID-JCOP2290110103>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports a comparative analysis of citizen evacuation response to three different types of environmental threats: a riverine flood, a volcanic eruption, and the nuclear reaction accident at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania. While there have been numerous discussions in the theoretical literature regarding the extent to which human response to nuclear and nonnuclear threats are likely to be comparable, to date there have been no empirical studies of the phenomenon. It was found that citizen belief in real situational danger and warnings from authorities were most frequently cited by evacuees as reasons for leaving inbothnuclear and nonnuclear incidents. Mass media warnings were infrequently cited as important reasons for evacuating, and social network contacts were relatively more important to evacuation decision making in the natural disasters than at Three Mile Island. For both the natural disasters and the nuclear accident, most citizens who did not evacuate chose not to do so because they did not believe that a real danger existed.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<36::AID-JCOP2290110104>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a conceptual model concerning the relationship between the organization and utilization of staff in mental health centers, job satisfaction, and staff retention. In the rural and urban centers visited during the study, differences were found in the patterns of staff organization and utilization and in the meanings of “doing a good job.” It is hypothesized that these meanings provide the framework in which staff members interpret their own job performances or, in other words, come to feel satisfied or dissatisfied with their work. It is further suggested that these meanings mediate any direct relationship between satisfaction and retention. This model has implications for future research of rural/urban differences, job satisfaction, and staff retention in mental health cent

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<48::AID-JCOP2290110105>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred twenty applicants to a weight management specialist training program were studied over a 33‐month period. Following a nine‐month training period, Specialists (N = 29; those leading at least one posttraining weight management group) were compared to Contact Controls (N = 31; persons participating in the weight management program, but not in the helper role) and No Contact Controls (N = 60; those not accepted into the training program and whose only contact with the program was for data collection purposes) in a test of the helper‐therapy principle. The major question was, “What are the long‐term physical, psychological, and behavioral effects on overweight and formerly overweight individuals involved in helping other persons manage their weight?” Data gathered at 12 and 24 months posttraining revealed few differences between the total group of specialists and persons in the two control groups. However, when the data were analyzed by the amount of commitment to the specialist role, it was found that the Higher Involved Specialists (N = 16; those who led two or more weight management groups in the year posttraining) were significantly more likely to lose additional weight (or maintain earlier weight losses), to be more consistent in their adherence to the eating and activity levels advocated by the program, to feel better about themselves and their bodies, and to maintain their levels of general well‐being than control subjects or the Lesser Involved Specialists. These latter individuals (N = 13) were significantly the worse for having gone through specialist training, but not fully carrying out the sp

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<58::AID-JCOP2290110106>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation focused on the spouses of compulsive gamblers and attempted to obtain baseline information on their personal characteristics, family backgrounds, as well as information about their awareness of gambling as a behavioral disorder, their reactions to the problems they encountered as a result of living with a compulsive gambler, and how they attempted to cope with those problems. The results indicate that the spouse of the compulsive gambler is affected by significant social, psychological, and economic stresses that can be directly related to the partner's gambling activities. The impact of such stresses can be observed in a variety of dysfunctional coping responses. The participants in this investigation eventually obtained assistance in dealing with their problems from Gam‐Anon, the family counterpart of Gamblers Anonymous. But, prior to their contact with Gam‐Anon, they sought assistance from members of the medical, religious, financial, legal, and mental health fields. For the most part such individuals were perceived as being unable to assist the survey participants in dealing with their problems. Recent advances in our understanding of the psychological bases of compulsive gambling and its treatement have led to the development of community‐based treatment services for the gambler. The results of this investigation point out the need for the provision of services to those affected by the gambler as

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<67::AID-JCOP2290110107>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<77::AID-JCOP2290110108>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<79::AID-JCOP2290110109>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<::AID-JCOP2290110101>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY