ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<3::AID-JCOP2290140102>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor several years many of us at Peabody College have participated in the evolution of a theory of community, the first conceptualization of which was presented in a working paper (McMillan, 1976) of the Center for Community Studies. To support the proposed definition, McMillan focused on the literature on group cohesiveness, and we build here on that original definition. This article attempts to describe the dynamics of the sense‐of‐community force — to identify the various elements in the force and to describe the process by which these elements work together to produce the experience of sense of comm

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough sense of community was heralded by Sarason (1974) as the “overarching value” of community psychology, no theory or definition of the phenomenon has been operationalized or empirically tested. The difficulty in the scientific exploration of sense of community is in the value‐laden and phenomenological nature of the experience. Following McMillan and Chavis (this issue), it is theorized that sense of community is represented by four elements: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. Brunswik's lens model offers an appropriate method for determining the shared domain of the experience within a diverse population. The goal of this study was to develop a Sense of Community Index (SCI) that would allow the determination of the relative influence of various factors on the judgment of sense of community. Twenty‐one judges, representing four professional groupings selected from three urban centers, where employed in the rating of 100 sense of community profiles of randomly selected individuals. There was a high degree of consensus among the diverse groups of judges, and a regression equation with 23 predictors derived from the sense of community profile accounted for 96% of the variance of mean judges, ratings of overall sense of community. The results were interpreted as supporting the theory of McMillan and Chavis, which appears suitable both for scientific investigation and as a framework for intervention. The relationships of specific profile items (e.g., neighboring behavior, length of residence, home ownership, involvement in voluntary associations) are related to the four elements and to the prediction of overall sense of co

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<24::AID-JCOP2290140104>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntentional communities are an extreme effort to create a sense of community and thus highlight the conditions necessary to realize such an aspiration. This article describes l'Arche communities and examines the writings of their founder, Jean Vanier, in an effort to determine what sense of community is as lived at l'Arche. It is suggested that the creation of a sense of community in the larger society demands conditions similar to those at l'Arche, but to a lesser degree.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<41::AID-JCOP2290140105>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article critically reviews the development of community mental health in both theory and practice and explores new directions and dilemmas for future policy and programs. First, we trace the dialectical development of the ideology of community mental health and the rediscovery of community. Second, we outline the two key transitions: (a) from professionals to natural helpers and (b) from catchment areas to natural networks. Third, we offer alternative conceptions of community from the sociological literature and suggest ways that these can benefit new program planning. We conclude with a series of policy questions that legitimate the expansion of community mental health beyond the parochial confines of the local community.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<55::AID-JCOP2290140106>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe contemporary American city as an open polity and an open economy is regarded as a trivial affair incapable of doing much to affect the lives of its inhabitants for good or ill. Judged by the standard of a Periclean Athens, the subordinate city of the modern nation state may seem uninspiring. Yet the subordinate cities of antiquity were far from trivial and they sustained a rich cultural life for centuries. Unlike the cities of antiquity, our cities do not have a rich common cultural life. They are not communities. Often, they are mere money mining camps, lacking in any commitment or solidarity on the part of the governing elite or the public. They are economic sites for combining and recombining atoms. As such, they are self‐condemned to powerlessness and emptiness. But the subordinate position of the contemporary city need not render it powerless and empty of meaning. With an adequate, shared common purpose as a humane cooperative, the city could motivate a dedicated elite and a committed citizenry in the shared enterprise of building a common set of values to give the lives of the city's people meaning and warmth in the chill of an existentialistic worl

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<72::AID-JCOP2290140107>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHardin's (1968) tragedy of the commons model has been implicated in projections of growing resource crises, an eventual threat to quality of life, and the extinction of civilization. The commons parable is explored in light of the open‐field commons system that characterized European agricultural village communities for as many as 1,000 years. This system enabled carrying capacity to increase, not to be exceeded. The essential role of community organization and group solidarity is highlighted, and some suggestions for commons' beneficial use in community are presented. Comedy as a worldview for community is contrasted with traged

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<81::AID-JCOP2290140108>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<::AID-JCOP2290140101>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY