ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<3::AID-JCOP2290170102>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined young adult chronic patients' interpretations of the cause, severity, and prognosis of mental illness. Findings fail to support fully the hypothesis that changes in the service delivery system have encouraged patients to conceptualize psychiatric disorders in sickness terms. Nearly two thirds of the patients rejected the etiological opinion that psychiatric problems are involuntary illnesses. They also regarded psychiatric disorders as serious but assigned them an optimistic prognosis. Structural factors continue to play an important role in patients' views, yet the professional and lay recovery networks operate differently for perceptions of severity, cause, and curability.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<5::AID-JCOP2290170103>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe neglect by community psychologists of the life concerns and problems of lesbians, gay men, and their families is discussed, with an emphasis on the lost opportunities that collaborative efforts can produce. The power of community psychology strategies is illustrated by a case description of efforts to encourage informal helping resources in a rural community. Informal helping resources were developed for lesbians, gay men, and students at a major university in the community. An anonymous telephone help‐system was also organized. Community psychologists are urged to pursue collaborative efforts with lesbians and gay men in their own localitie

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<18::AID-JCOP2290170104>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe accidental introduction of the fire retardant polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) into the food chain of Michigan in 1973 provides an example of an insidious, slowly developing, and still continuing technological catastrophe. Hartsough's transactional model of natural disasters is utilized to provide a conceptual framework to describe the psychological effects of the PBB crisis. Following this model, the event (toxic chemicals within the food chain) led to the quarantine of 576 farms, destruction of millions of animals and dairy products, and losses in the range of $100–$200 million. Appraisal was slow and continued for years. Stresses were created both by the event and by public response to the event. Traditional community systems provided little assistance in coping, and political action was required before services were provided. In spite of a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and somatic complaints, research results regarding psychological and physical effects of PBB poisoning have been equivocal and, at times, contradictory. Hartsough's model points to possible intervention points that may have improved the response to the event and yielded fewer negative outcomes for the victims. Suggestions are offered to improve the model for application to future technological catastrophe

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<30::AID-JCOP2290170105>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRepeated examination of the patient‐evaluative process in emergency room settings over the past 20 years has yielded diffuse and contradictory findings, leaving the decision whether to hospitalize the indigent person with a psychiatric emergency a poorly understood process. In this study of crisis stabilization unit workers' interviewing and decision making, we examined four categories of factors as influences in the treatment decision: organizational factors, community expectations, family influence, and interviewer subjectivity. Factors most important in shaping interviewers' interpretation of interview data and their goals in the interview situation were community expectations that the CSU worker would (1) diagnose and predict levels of dangerousness and (2) deny admission in any cases where outpatient care would serve. The CSU consisted of social workers with 2 to 14 years' experience, whose motivation for occupying the minimally paid position of gatekeeper was determined to be the unusual degree of authority attached to the rol

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<47::AID-JCOP2290170106>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty crisis center callers with interpersonal and emotional problems were interviewed immediately after their calls in order to examine telephone volunteers' most helpful behaviors and the relationship between these behaviors and caller change. Listening and feedback, understanding and caring, appropriate climate, nonjudgmental support, and directiveness described the “overall most helpful behaviors,” with reliable agreement (82%) for five judges. A one‐way chisquare analysis revealed that the category understanding and caring was reported most frequently (39%). A Duncan multiple range test revealed that directiveness yielded notably more change than nonjudgmental support. Results support the current emphasis on empathy in crisis center practice and training. Immediately after the call, empathy and active listening skills are perceived as important to the c

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<70::AID-JCOP2290170107>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study tests for the effects of Black residents' community satisfaction/dissatisfaction, which we see as a surrogate measure of chronic community stress, on their psychological depression in rural and urban areas of Tennessee. The data utilized include responses from 398 rural West Tennessee Black participants interviewed in 1979 and 326 Black residents of Nashville, Tennessee, interviewed in 1980–82. Multiple regression analyses show, as predicted, that dissatisfaction with the community has a relatively greater influence on mental distress in the sample of rural Black residents than does our measure of transient stress (life events). In fact, unlike findings of many past studies, life events are unrelated to depression for this rural group. However, in contrast to these rural findings, life events for the urban Black residents are both significant and more important predictors of depressive symptoms than is our measure of community contentment. The effects of friendship and extended family relations on depression in both rural and urban Black samples are also assesse

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<78::AID-JCOP2290170108>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo hundred patients who chose to continue in treatment at a community mental health center were compared with 200 patients who chose to discontinue treatment after a limited number of visits. Cross‐tabulations and loglinear analysis were used to assess group differences on 11 demographic and 8 clinical variables. Cross‐tabulations provided evidence of significant group differences on 10 variables, and loglinear analysis did so for 9 variables. As a group, patients who chose not to continue in treatment tended to be younger and less dysfunctional and had less prior mental health treatm

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<89::AID-JCOP2290170109>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsiderable research suggests that social support plays a crucial role in coping with stressful life events. The present study used data from 3,132 randomly selected survey respondents to investigate the use and helpfulness of seven potential social support sources in coping with a particular life crisis: sexual assault. About two‐thirds of the 447 sexually assaulted respondents had told someone about the assault. Over half had talked to a friend or relative (59.3%). Fewer respondents consulted police (10.5%), mental health professionals (16.1%), physicians (9.3%), clergy (3.9%), rape crisis centers (1.9%), and legal professionals (1.6%). Assault by a stranger, physical threat, fighting against the assailant, a high degree of sexual contact, and emotional distress concerning the assault were associated with talking about the assault, especially with police and physicians. Most of those who told someone found at least one person helpful (73.8%). Rape crisis centers (94.2%) and legal professionals (82.7%) were most frequently described as helpful, followed by mental health professionals (70.1%), friends and relatives (66.6%), clergy (63.1%), physicians (55.6%), and police (38.2%). Results are compared to previous findings, and implications for research and intervention are discusse

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<92::AID-JCOP2290170110>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198901)17:1<::AID-JCOP2290170101>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY