摘要:

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between environmental change and the origins of agriculture in the Near East, with special reference to the Konya and Beysehir‐Sušla Basins of south central Anatolia. The Konya Basin, now largely dry, was formerly occupied by an extensive lake, which last attained a high level between 23,000 and 17,000 years ago. It is concluded that there was only an indirect link between the drying up of the former Konya Lake and the appearance of early agricultural (Neolithic) settlements on the floor of the plain. An equally important factor was the creation of new land and water resources which resulted from changes in river regimes and alluvial sedimentation after the end of the Pleistocene. Neolithic sites were not only clustered on water‐retentive alluvial soils, but have also been partly buried by Holocene alluviation. The revised site chronology which follows from these geoarchaeological observations has significant implications for the interpretation of the Neolithic settlement system in south central Tu

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMillstones used in Cyprus between the Late Bronze Age and Roman periods (saddle querns, reciprocally operated hopper‐rubber mills, cylindrical rotary querns, and hour‐glass‐shaped Pompeian style mills) were frequently manufactured from igneous rocks including vesicular lavas clearly imported to the island. Potential sources include volcanics of mainland Greece, the Aegean, Anatolia, Egypt, and the Levant (Syria, Israel, and Jordan). Geochemical analysis using X‐ray fluorescence of thirty‐seven Cypriot millstones showed that sources were used as follows: Late Bronze Age saddle querns were made of Levant lavas and of local Troodos rocks, the later hopper‐rubbers were imported from the Aegean island of Nisyros, a rotary mill was of Santorini lava, and the Roman Pompeian style mills were manufactured from Levant lavas, including sources in north Syria and probably around Lake Tiberias. Millstones were probably exported from the Levant ports of Akko, Tell Abu Hawam, and Laodicea, and imported to the Cypriot towns of Salamis and

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe coastal wetlands of Veracruz State, Mexico contain many areas of rectilinearly patterned ground. These are the remains of Prehispanic agricultural complexes. Reconnaissance‐level stratigraphic studies were carried out in one such wetland area, the “San Juan Basin,” in order to reconstruct the local environmental history. Basal, well‐sorted fine sand, which underlies the basin, was likely deposited in the intertidal and beach zones as marine waters gradually left the San Juan Basin. Progradation of the Rio La Antigua delta on the north and the development of coastal dunes on the east closed the embayment by the mid‐Holocene. Thereafter, large volumes of silt and clay were deposited in the basin, in large part during the annual floods of the La Antigua River and other streams. Prehispanic inhabitants dug drainage canals and cultivated the seasonally emergent surface leaving behind artifacts, charcoal, and microfossils of maize. The cultivation destroyed original sedimentary structures and converted the naturally deposited sediment to a massive dark gray silty clay. After the fields were abandoned, they were covered by brown silty peat, but the canals and platforms are still detectable on th

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring excavation at Calderwood Buffalo Jump (DkPj‐27), southern Alberta, two profiles were sampled for soil chemical analysis. Transect samples were subjected to the phosphate ring test. The study objectives were to examine the effects of bison‐jump use on the soil profile, to investigate whether discrete jump‐use episodes could be identified within the soil profile, and to see if the ring test was useful in site delimitation. Comparative off‐site profile samples exhibited the normal Ahk, Bmjk, and Ck sequence of a Rego Black Chernozemic soil. In contrast, samples from the primary excavation unit were enriched in organic matter and phosphorus with lower pH and higher fatty acid content. These data indicate that organic input from jump use has had a substantial impact on soil characteristics and development. A ring chromatography field test for available phosphate indicated higher values in this vicinity, suggesting the utility of this method in rapid and relatively non‐destructive field survey of similar sites. The soil chemical data suggest continuous rather than episodic jump use, contrasting with four specific episodes of jump use over the last 2800 years inferred from archaeolog

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY