ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279950

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A clinical definition of incontinence and a clinical classification of its various forms is offered for consideration. The classification is part of a wider classification of handicaps being prepared to supplement existing classifications of diseases and disorders classified according to aetiology, systems, and anatomy. Nine handicaps (locomotor, visceral, visual, communication, intellectual, emotional, invisible, and ‘other’) are distinguished. Incontinence is classified as a ‘disorder of excretion’, which is itself one of four divisions of visceral ha

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279951

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

25 pregnant women, 15 of whom developed stress incontinence in pregnancy, have been investigated by cystometry and urethrometry in both erect and supine posture. The resting bladder pressure rises throughout pregnancy in both erect and supine positions. Those who are not incontinent have normal bladder and urethral function. Incontinent patients show no residual urine, normal bladder capacity, and either detrusor instability and/or sphincter weakness. The stress of change of posture makes both bladder dysfunction and sphincter weakness more evident. Although the results of this investigation are not yet complete, there is a suggestion that detrusor instability may be produced by pregnancy in some patients and that in some instances recovery to normal bladder function occurs after delivery. It is postulated that these patients may be the ones who, in later life, develop stress incontinence due to bladder dysfunction.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279952

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Stepwise cystometry is a new method proposed to analyse the visco-elastic properties of the bladder. It is based on a mathematical analysis of the pressure decay after a stepwise filling. By assumption of a mechanical visco-elastic model of bladder tissue and a model of the geometry, the derived parameters are interpreted as elasticity and viscosity moduli. Static cystometry is involved in this new procedure. From analysis by stepwise cystometry it is concluded that static cystometry attained by following a slow-filling procedure is unacceptable in studying elastic behaviour.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279953

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279954

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279955

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors used the Harrison and Constable variation of the original method of Brown and Wickham. The maximal pressure level in the urethral pressure profile depends on technical details. Younger healthy individuals show a higher resistance than older ones. Prostate enlargement leads to an elongation of the posterior urethra. The physiological elasticity loss disposes older persons to stress incontinence.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279956

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279957

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several diseases of the female bladder are accompanied by stress incontinence or some other form of incontinence. By using micturition cystourethrography, visualizing the bladder in lateral views, with simultaneous recording of micturition pressure and flow, a distinction may be made between the individual diseases, as they often exhibit characteristic radiological configurations and urodynamic patterns. It is also possible, by comparing with measurements in control material, to decide the best physiological method of abolishing the incontinence. This method of examination has proved particularly suitable in cases with a history of unsuccessful operation for incontinence. Stress incontinence has been found to be associated mainly with descent of the bladder, a reduced urethral resistance, and cystoceles; it also occurs as a sequel to radical operations on the true pelvis and in a number of neurological diseases. In practically all cases it has been possible to abolish incontinence by the following surgical plan: descent of the bladder to be treated by colpoperineoplasty, reduced urethral resistance and incontinence following radical hysterectomy or extirpation of the rectum by colposuspension, and cystoceles by reduction of the cystocele and colpoperineoplasty.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279958

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The normal female bladder base is defined. It is shown that the trigone does not always form part of a flat base. In 25% of all female patients referred for cystourethrography a specific defect of the anterior part of the base is seen caused by an insufficient upwards and backwards suspension of the bladder neck. 92% of these patients are stress incontinent. Urodynamically they have low protracted flows, but the most characteristic feature is a very low intravesical pressure and particularly a very low opening pressure. The low pressure is due to the fact that the internal orifice does not close correctly because of insufficient support. The protracted and low flows are due to an increased tone in the posterior urethra needed for continence when the bladder neck has lost its passive continence function.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000279959

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger