摘要:

A detailed study and analysis of several hundred cases of motor urge incontinence in the female is presented and summarized. This includes the incidence, the history referring to a questionnaire with a new urge and stress score, the symptomatology, possible etiological factors, the cystometric manifestation and the responsiveness to several treatment modalities and medications. A comparison of flavoxate, emepronium, propantheline and a placebo for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to bladder instability is made, the results are discussed and recommendations are made.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280298

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

For the purpose of reevaluating diagnostic usefulness of total and prostatic serum acid phosphatase levels in patients with prostatic carcinoma, change of these levels was studied in 110 randomly selected patients, of which 35 were untreated prostatic carcinoma cases. Following hyperglycemic treatment, both levels in untreated prostatic carcinoma patients decreased significantly to their pretreatment levels and this test was a useful tool for diagnosis in the patients with prostatic carcinoma.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280299

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Presensitization induced by pretreatment of the recipients with donor species-specific spleen antigen cannot be completely reversed by immunosuppressive drugs. However, there is a suppressive influence of the combined administration of azathioprine and prednisolone on hemagglutinating antibody production after transplantation as well as an effect on function and survival time of renal xenografts.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280300

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

146 initial and follow-up urine specimens of a urinary tract infection clinic were processed simultaneously by a dip-slide and by a standard pour plate method to evaluate the reliability of this simplified urine culture technique in a population with a high incidence of urinary tract infections. The dip-slide method gave false-negative results in only 8.7% of infected urines ( > 105 cfu/ml urine), as determined by pour plate method. 1.3% false-positives were recorded. The false-negative rate rose to 22.2% when the dip-slide was used on the urines from patients on antimicrobial therapy. Our findings suggest that this simplified urine culture method is a useful tool even in populations with high incidence of urinary infections, although more careful evaluation of these test results is necessary when antimicrobial drugs are present in the urine specimens.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280301

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

With respect to the new electrophysiological, morphological, histochemical, pharmacological and urodynamical investigations of the function of the urinary bladder, the common aspect of the existence of a smooth sphincter on one hand and a striated sphincter on the other hand, an alternate function of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system in filling of the bladder and in micturition can no more be accepted. A new own concept of the mechanism, which is in action at the bladder neck closure, is demonstrated. This concept goes out from the existence of two systems of smooth musculature in the outlet of the bladder. The first one with mainly longitudinally laying strips is standing under parasympathetic control. Its activation in the beginning of voiding opens the bladder neck. The second one consists of more circulary strips. Its activation is α-adrenergic. The contraction of this part of the musculature causes the closure of the bladder neck. Certainly the striated musculature does not play an important role of the continence in normal persons under resting conditions. However, in some pathological conditions, it must be taken into consideration. It must be noted, too, that the striated urethra! musculature and the pelvic floor do not act synchronous

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280302

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum-ionized calcium (Ca++) was measured in 65 patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. The patients were then divided into hypercalciuric and normocalciuric groups based on the mean + SD of the control group, with greater than 180 mg/24 h in males and greater than 176 mg/24 h in females defined as hypercalciuria. The results showed a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of calcium in the hypercalciuric group, but not in the normocalciuric group. The hypercalciuric group was then further divided into group I with increased filtered load and group II with normal filtered load. It was suggested that the group I hypercalciurics had absorptive hypercalciuria and group II renal hypercalciuria.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280303

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This is a report of a new method in which the mathematical study of radioactivity changes in the bladder and kidney shows evidence of pulsating and vibratory activities. This study was done during radioisotope renogram with 99mTc DTPA. Spectral analysis of the recorded activities, taken 50 frames/sec and 1 frame every 10 sec by a scintillation camera connected to a computer, shows evidence of pulsating and vibratory activities of the kidney and the bladder. Slow pulsations with a period from 1/2 to 2 1/2 min were identified. Infrasonoric vibrations, from 2 to 25 Hz were found in the kidney, in a full bladder and during micturition.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280304

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An attempt was made to trace α-adrenoceptor-binding sites in the lower urinary tract tissue of the rat by means of analyzing the distribution of radioactivity in autoradiograms of freeze-dried or glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue following intravenous injection of an α-agonist, 3H-ST-1059, or an α-antagonist, 3H-phentolamine. Both drugs were rapidly excreted into the urine and reabsorbed by the bladder mucosa. This is evidenced by the presence of high amounts of silver grains superimposed onto the epithelium and bordering the lamina propria structures 10–30 min after intravenous injection of 3H-ST-1059 or 3H-phentolamine in rats not subjected to ligation of their ureters. In rats that underwent ligation of their abdominal ureters prior to intravenous injection of 3H-ST-1059 or 3H-phentolamine, silver grains were preferentially localized over the plasmalemmata of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts of the detrusor and trigonum of the urinary bladder. Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine but not propranolol counteracted the labelling of the plasma membranes of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and striated muscle fibres of the pelvic floor by low doses of 3H-ST-1059 and 3H-phentolamine, suggesting that both drugs have affinity to α-adrenoceptor-agonist and α-adrenoceptor-antagonist binding sites. Since phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine as well as hydrocortisone pretreatment also attenuated the accumulation of radiolabel in the perikarya of the three types of cells mentioned, both drugs – at the concentration used – are also substrates for membrane-bound carriers, such as uptake two according to Iversen. A more selective in vivo demonstration of α-agonist-binding and α-antag-onist-binding sites requires drugs of higher specific activity than availabl

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280305

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The transmission of intra-abdominal pressures to the urethra of the healthy female is examined with respect to cough, Valsalva and holding stimuli. A new method of recording urethral pressures using a four-channel, perfused gap catheter specifically constructed for this investigation is used. The results show that the increase of urethral pressure to stimuli is magnified at the distal urethra to a significant degree. This magnification is significantly higher than that expected by direct intra-abdominal transmission. Anatomically, the focus of urethral magnification of pressures is located 2–3 mm distal to the external urethral sphincter. The data provided from this study indicate that the mechanism of action of urethral closure to stress is active and does not directly correspond to the transmission properties of the lower urinary tract to stresses. Evidence supporting this mechanism is drawn also from the differential behavior of the proximal and distal regions of the urethra to the initiation and cessation of voidin

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280306

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incidence of bladder tumors has increased in the last years. Often, at the time of diagnosis the tumor has reached a stage in which a curative radical therapy is no longer possible. With the help of urinary cytology it is often possible to obtain evidence of tumors at an early stage, before clinical symptoms become evident. For this reason, urinary cytology would appear to be a reasonable screening method for tumor detection. In the framework laws concerning measures for the preventive treatment of tumors, there is no provision for the early detection of tumors of the bladder and urinary tract. As urine is easily obtainable it appears that urinary cytology could easily be integrated into such a program for early detection of tumors. The evaluation is relatively costly in man-hours and, therefore, not suitable for screening. For this reason, urothelical cells were investigated in respect to their use as a diagnostic parameter in an automated screening test. Urinary cells can be analyzed automatically, but little experience has been made in this area of research. However, it seems that automation of urinary cytology would be a step towards screening method for tumors of the bladder and urinary tract.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280307

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger