ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280167

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280168

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bladder rhythm is an important concept of physiology. Bladder physiology can be described by the classifical organ model, by the urodynamic model and by the neurophysiological model. The organ model deals with the coordinated functions of the smooth muscle in the detrusor and bladder neck, and of the skeletal muscle of the urethra and external sphincter. The urodynamic model describes the bladder capacity, shape, pressure gradients, flow rate and outflow resistance by the armamentarium of a urodynamics laboratory. The neurophysiological model describes the innervation, pathways, and the centers in the spinal cord and brain stem dealing with the control, coordination, integration, onset and cessation of the micturition. Once these concepts are understood, specific urodynamic abnormalities can be suggested from specific features of the patient’s history, physical examination, cystoscopy and intravenous urograms. Urethrovesical coordination is controlled by many reflexes. Continence should be classified and quantitated in order to be rationally treated. The various surgical procedures for the management of incontinence are analyzed in terms of their underlying physiological effect

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280169

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The passive behavior of the urinary bladder in the collection phase is described by a number of independent input–output relations characterizing the function of the bladder wall and the geometry of the bladder. Assembly of these relations yields a model characterized by twelve parameters. Two of these parameters can be determined from a static cystometrogram. Stepwise filling of the bladder gives a pressure-decrease curve which can be described by three exponential terms and a constant and yields nine of the desired parameters, or ten if two or more fillings are done on the same bladde

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280170

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Stimulation of the human sacral nerves evokes, at higher voltages, a urethral relaxation which may be independent of bladder contraction. It persists after nerve section when the distal cut end is stimulated, but does not occur on stimulating the proximal end. It is presumed to represent parasympathetic efferent inhibition, and is the pathophysiological basis for the ‘unstable urethra’ syndr

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280171

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Urodynamic equipment is presented herein which combines recordings and X-ray. All information is primarily stored on an analogue magnetic tape with display on a multichannel memory oscilloscope. For the suprapubic bladder approach, a Swan Ganz catheter is used after removing the occluding balloon. For the transurethral approach, a specially designed 4-channel membrane catheter is used. The data was analyzed using checklists which were compiled strictly adhering to the ICS suggestions. The purpose of these lists is to offer practitioners and community hospitals standardized terminology in examinations to simplify urodynamic evaluation.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280172

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In clinical urodynamic investigations there is a need for the assessment of the contractility of the bladder. A method, based on isometric cystometry, is proposed and evaluated in normal subjects. The method, adopted from cardiovascular research, is based on Hill’s equation and observations on the elastic behaviour of bladder tissue. The reproducibility of the results has been teste

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280173

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The technique of combined electromyographic and CO2 urethral pressure profilometry is described and analyzed. The low viscous drag of CO2 permits the use of catheter infusion rates above the critical threshold where the compressibility of the gas does not influence the accuracy of the pressure recording. Clinical urethral function studies with this technique in benign prostatic hypertrophy, stress incontinence and traumatic spinal cord injury have documented the diagnostic value of the test. Further the impact of surgical or pharmacological treatment upon urethral function has been delineated.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280174

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To analyse pressure decay curves, as recorded in stepwise cystometry, an electronic device was constructed. This device offers an alternative for similar analyses by a digital computer. A prototype of the device has been evaluated.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280175

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Urodynamic investigations were performed in 45 men, 25 women and 25 children with various forms of bladder outlet obstruction to define the stage of compensation and decompensation of the voiding system. Additionally routine diagnostic methods as history, rectal palpation, urine culture, endoscopy and excretory urogram were carried out. In adults the hyperactive decompensation of the detrusor could be differentiated from a hypoactive stage. The product of maximal differential pressure increase multiplied by maximal flow rate as a sign of voiding ‘efficiency’ can help to decide whether an obstruction must be treated or not. The size of the prostate diagnosed by rectal palpation or by endoscopic examination as well as the findings of the bougie à boule calibration of the urethra showed poor correlation to the urodynamic findings. In children flow rate is no reliable parameter for differentiation of compensation and decompensation of the sy

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280176

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger