摘要:

128 tumors from three different human renal-cell carcinomas and from one human transitional bladder cancer were transplanted into NMRI mice treated with cyclosporin A at various dosages. Their acceptance rate, proliferation rate, and morphologic and growth characteristics were studied and compared with those of the same human tumors after transplantation into NMRI nu/nu mice. The acceptance rate was 80% in mice treated with cyclosporin A at 100 mg/kg––1 and 150 mg/kg––1/day. The highest acceptance rate was observed after transplantation into nu/nu (thymus-aplastic) mice (100%). Morphologically, the transplanted tumor was similar in the two animal groups and identical with the primary tumors. Metastases were not seen in either animal model. The NMRI mice treated with cyclosporin A had leukocyte infiltration into the transplanted tumor. The growth rate of the human tumors in normal mice depended on the cyclosporin A dosage, and was highest in the nu/nu mice. The proliferation rates of the transplanted human tumors, as judged by flow cytometry, were rather similar in all

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281841

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sixteen human bladder carcinomas (BCs) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu mice with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) BCs were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I tumors were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted tumor tissue with the original human BCs could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted tumors. However, although the tumors retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I tumors. The five tumors that were transitional-cell carcinomas and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted renal cell carcinomas: (1) tumor growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; (2) growth rates of tumors only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding patients, and (3) with each further passage, tumor growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, tumor growth was almost identical in all five tumors. In contrast to our experience with transplanted renal cell carcinomas, flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged BCs revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that BCs were strongly influenced by host factors.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281842

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of aprotinin as a kallidinogenase inactivator on the antihypertensive effect of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) was studied in two-kidneyed and one-clipped hypertensive rats. Sixteen two-kidneyed and one-clipped hypertensive rats and sham-operated normotensive rats were prepared for this experiment. They were divided into two groups: those with the aprotinin infusion and those without. The effects of the oral administration of CEI were compared as regards mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urinary kallikrein activity (UKA). In 8 hypertensive rats under glucose infusion, MAP fell from 184.4 ± 4.5 to 106.3 ± 5.2 mm Hg, and UKA changed from 1.37 ± 0.18 nkat/12h to 0.61 ± 0.11 nkat/12h after the administration of CEI. In the remaining hypertensive rats under aprotinin infusion, MAP decreased from 175.0 ± 3.0 to 140.6 ± 5.1 mm Hg, and UKA slightly changed from 0.72 ± 0.25 nkat/12 h to 0.59 ± 0.12 nkat/12 h. Thus, the decrease of MAP after the administration of CEI was suppressed by the aprotinin infusion, and this significant difference was supported by the decrease of UKA. As for 16 normotensive rats, CEI did not alter MAP, nor did aprotinin have any effect on it. However, UKA tended to decrease after the administration of CEI. These results suggest that both the kallikreinkinin system and the renin-angiotensin system play an important role in the maintenance of high blood pressure in two-kidneyed and one-clipped chronically hypertensi

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281843

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the effect of variations of fluid intake on the oxalate (Ox) excretion in healthy subjects. The relation of Ox excretion to urine volume was examined. The Ca excretion was measured as well and the ionized Ca and the Ca·Ox product were calculated. With a fluid intake between 800 and 4,200 ml a urine volume between 550 and 4,200 ml was found. We saw a strong correlation between urine volume and Ox excretion and a strong negative correlation between urine volume and urinary Ox concentration. The upper limit of urinary Ox excretion to define hyperoxaluria should therefore be modified by taking the urine volume into consideration or should be replaced by the Ox concentration

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281844

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Microexplosion lithotripsy (MEL) was clinically developed for the destruction of urinary stones in our clinic in 1981. In MEL two kinds of blasting are available: external charge blasting and confined blasting. The detonation power of the latter is 3 times larger than that of the former. Up to July, 1986, microexplosion cystoli-thotripsy has been successfully performed on 100 cases. In the early stages only external charge blasting was used. It was, however, not easy to crush a big bladder stone over 5 cm in diameter. For that reason, confined blasting was newly developed and in 50 cases microexplosion cystolithotripsy using confined blasting was completed successfully. As the next step, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy using confined blasting has been successfully performed on 12 cases including 3 of staghorn calculi.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281845

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Inverted papilloma of the ureter is a rare tumor generally considered to be a benign lesion. We present a case of ureteral inverted papilloma with malignant transformation and review the literature. Ten cases of ureteral inverted papillary tumors in Japan and 13 cases of inverted papillary tumors associated with malignancy in the urinary tract in the world literature have been analyzed to define their features. Inverted papillary tumors of the ureter have distinct clinicopathological features, but most are discovered retrospectively after nephroureterectomy. From the standpoint of clinicopathological features, inverted papillary tumor of the ureter should be distinguished from its exophytic counterpart with respect to the treatment. If the tumor can be diagnosed macro- and microscopically during surgery as inverted papilloma or malignant inverted papillary tumor without invasion, partial ureterectomy including the lesion may be recommended. Furthermore, we propose the hypothesis that inverted papillary tumor could be a neoplasm of basal cell origin in the transitional epithelium, termed ‘basal cell urothelioma

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281846

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fully developed cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis is characterized by nearly complete detachment of the urothelium, severe submucosal edema owing to damage to the microvascular bed and focal muscle necroses. The initial response to the primary attack by the cyclophosphamide metabolites seems to be fragmentation of the luminal membrane. This damages the cellular barrier against the hypertonic urine. Subsequent breaks in the lateral cell membranes of the superficial cells and in all the plasma membranes of the intermediate and basal cells, intercellular and intracellular edema and disintegration of the desmosomes and hemidesmosomes lead to progressive degeneration and detachment of the epithelial cells with exposure and splitting of the basal membrane. The morphological changes of the endothelial cells, which become more pronounced in the later stages of the experiment, the involvement of blood vessels regardless of their diameter and the location-dependent extent of the damage indicate a direct type of damage which is preceded by a mediator-induced increase in permeability, the moφhological correlate of which is the formation of gaps in the interendothelial cell connections on the venules. These changes can be effectively prevented by mesna. The only sign of a possible involvement is the increase in the number of specific granules with a presumed lysosomal function in the superficial cells

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281847

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Contractile responses of urinary bladder muscle strips to prostaglandin (PG) E1, E2 and F2α 2 years) rabbits. The contractile response was most marked with PGE2 at concentrations of 10––10––10–7M in muscle strips from both young and old rabbits. At a high concentration (10––5M), the contractile response was most marked with PGF2α in young rabbit bladder muscle strips, whereas in old rabbit bladder muscle strips the magnitude of the responses to PGE2 and PGF2α were equal at 10––6M and both were greater than the response to PGE1. The contractile response to PGE1 was greater in old detrusor than in young detrusor at concentrations ≧ 10––6M, whereas the contractile response to PGE2 (10––7––10––5M) and PGF2α (10––6––10––5M) were greater in young detrusor than in old detrusor. These data show that rabbit detrusor muscle shows a contractile response to PGE1, E2 and F2α and

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281848

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate constitutes 18 % of all cancers in men, and is a major cause of neoplastic death second only to carcinoma of lungs and large bowel. In spite of the high incidence of the disease, there is still disagreement as to the right treatment. In our study we reviewed 101 patients in stages T0b, T1 + T2, T3 (N0M0) who were treated by nonradical prostatectomy and no other treatment. The follow-up of these patients was 58 months. The actuarial 5- and 10-year survival according to stage was respectively: 91.30 and 64.62% in stage T0b; 60.61 and 34.11 % in stage T1 + T2, and 41.67% in stage T3. Survival rates resembled those quoted in the literature. Our results justify a less aggressive approch to carcinoma of the prostate.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281849

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The morphologic display of testicular cancer is a heterogenous cellular pattern. A biological heterogeneity is also true for the expression of tumor markers. The biosynthesis of tumor marker proteins α-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin, Schwangerschaftsprotein (SP 1) glycoprotein, tissue polypeptide antigen and of hormones (β-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) = significantly present in nonseminoma germ cell tumors – does, however, define only a small number of cancer cells. To better visualize the majority of cancer cells, lectin binding was studied. During the oncogenic transformation a distinct change of cell membrane glycoproteins has been observed. Reactions of WGA/PNA lectins which get attached to glycoproteins with cancer tissue sample from seminomas (n = 20) and nonseminomas (n = 20) were analyzed. The results were correlated to AFP/β-HCG positive (negative) immunohistology to establish further subgroups of biological homogeneity. The binding of WGA lectin appears relatively more frequent in both seminoma and nonseminoma than that of PNA. Lectin binding of WGA and/or PNA can be stained in 3/11 AFP- and β-HCG-negative nonseminoma tissues while lectin staining is positive in 7/18 β-HCG-negative seminomas. The fact that lectin binding is dependent on the spermatozoogenesis and on androgens in normal testis tissues asks for more detailed studies in this

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281850

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger