ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280023

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Urinary continence exists provided urine has no other outlet than through a section of the urethra where pressure at all times, except during normal micturition, is higher than it is in the bladder. Closure pressure, the difference between maximal intraurethral pressure and simultaneously existing bladder pressure, normally remains above zero also during vigorous physical stress, such as coughing, mainly because intraabdominal pressure is readily transmitted not only to the bladder, but also to the upper urethra, which is above the urogenital diaphragm.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280024

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The action of β-adrenergic blocking agents on the urethral pressure profile was studied. Sotalol, 20 mg, and inderal, 7 mg, were administered intravenously. Whereas the α-adrenergic blocking drug phentolamíne, as already known, changed the maximum value of the pressure profile with an average decrease of 33%, the β-adrenergic blocking drugs did not show any action at all. There was no difference between the results obtained with Sotalol and Inde

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280025

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Estrogene has a tonicising effect upon urethra musculature. There is also the same demonstrable influence of α-receptor stimulating drugs upon the urethra pressure profile. After preliminary treatment with estrogene, there is a considerably stronger tonicising effect of α-stimulating drugs than without such a treatment. So the combination of estrogene and α-stimulating drugs seems a useful addition to the conservative treatment of stress incontinen

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280026

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We are developing a physical model of the lower urinary tract which, even at its present state of development, appears to be a reasonable first approximation to some aspects of micturition dynamics.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280027

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Research on the activity of the urinary tract has led to the creation of a theoretical mechanical model where elastic forces, affecting rigid segments represent the living tissue of the urethral walls whereby it is assumed that the tissue acts as an elastic material. Such a model provides a clearer picture of changes in the physical parameters of the elastic walls of the urethra and facilitates better analysis of measurement errors. Artefacts make it exceptionally difficult to accurately measure the urethral pressure profile. The known methods have a measurement error of at least 30%. We have been trying to eliminate the basic error caused by the size of the measuring sensor. The method involves measuring the urethral pressure profile in one patients using several sensors of varying diameters. The problem was defined mathematically. By extrapolation of measuring points, the value of elastic force under normal conditions can be obtained. Preliminary results of pressure profile measurements in our patients are much more accurate than those of other currently known measuring techniques. It is too early, however, to predict the extent of increased objectivity in the results of the new method for measuring urethral pressure profile, with and without functional electrical stimulation. The parameters of stimuli produced by our electrical stimulators will be based upon these findings.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280028

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Lateral cystourethrograms have shown a forwards-downwards displacement of the bladder neck in bladder base insufficiency, a type of stress incontinence. In search for the structure which in normal subjects prevents this displacement, a series of 10 dissections of the female pelvic floor was undertaken. The formerly described structures: The pubo-vesical ligaments and the precervical arc are shown. As a new finding it is demonstrated how these structures are dependent on an upwards-backwards suspension by a strong ligament in the fascia over the levator muscle.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280029

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new method of measuring pressure is presented which serves to determine the opening pressures in organic sphincter areas and to investigate the behavior of the high-pressure zone and its susceptibility. By means of a pressure-measuring device which is introduced into the sphincter area, the opening pressure, which may be equated to the constant closing pressure, can be determined by known increases of pressure. The method is described in detail, and the use of this manometric procedure is demonstrated with reference to the lower esophageal sphincter.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280030

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Simultaneous pressure recording in different organs shows that voluntary movements as straining, Valsalva maneuver, cough, are easy recognizable. Spontaneous pressure waves in the rectum may give the impression of uninhibited bladder contractions if subtracted from the total bladder pressure.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280031

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three groups of patients with upper motor neuron lesions were studied. A first group consisted of 19 patients with complete lesions and 3 patients with incomplete lesions. All had an unbalanced bladder function which required surgical interventions. A second group consisted of 9 patients with chronic complete lesions who achieved balanced bladder function spontaneously. A third group consisted of 11 patients in the acute stage of injury. Polygraph recordings of pressure within the bladder, urethra, rectum and external anal sphincter were carried out with the help of video-tape monitoring and radiographic image intensification. Special catheter balloons with radiopaque markings were employed for pressure measurements. The behavior of the external urethral sphincter during spinal shock and the sequence of return of sacral somatic and visceral motor reflexes during recovery from spinal shock were investigated. It was shown that in spinal shock, the majority of patients retained sacral segment somatomotor reflex activity, in the absence of visceromotor activity, and that resistance values at the external urethral sphincter remained high. The highest resistance recorded in the membranous urethra was found to be located at the distal external sphincter, just before the bulb of the urethra.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280032

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger