ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.1

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.3

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study describes an approach to the development and use of anti-idiotypic antibodies as a possible immunization strategy to prevent retroviral infection. The rationale for using anti-idiotypes (anti-Ids) to try to elicit an antigenic-specific immune response is examined, and the production and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-Ids are described. Several techniques were used to determine antigenic mimicry and anti-Id subtypes. The potential use of anti-Ids in feline leukemia virus (FeLV) receptor studies and vaccine trialsin vivowere investigated. Results from these studies suggest that the anti-Id strategy is feasible for the FeLV model. Polyclonal Ab2 reagents were developed that blocked virus–receptor binding and thus inhibited viral infectionin vitroand induced humoral immune responses in 6- to 8-week old kittens characterized by production of Ab3 with the ability to bind the original FeLV envelope protein gp70 as assessed by Western blot analysi

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.5

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTSalivary antibodies may play a role in the absence of HIV-1 transmission by saliva. We evaluated the presence of salivary IgG antibodies to HIV-1 using a recombinant ELISA. Whole saliva was collected from 21 HIV-1-seropositive individuals and assayed in an ELISA, ASQ™ (Beckman Instruments, Brea, CA), consisting of a panel of six HIV-1 recombinant peptides. Saliva samples from 20 individuals demonstrated IgG to one or more peptides and 18 to two or more peptides. Samples from 20 seropositive individuals were reactive with the gp41 peptide, whereas only 12 were reactive with the two gp120 peptides. Nineteen of twenty salivas also had detectable IgG antibodies to HIV-1 by Western blotting. The results indicate that viral-specific IgG antibodies are present in the saliva of a high percentage of HIV-infected individuals and that a recombinant peptide ELISA for saliva might be useful for the detection of HIV-1 infectio

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.17

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic human herpesvirus which is also a polyclonal B-cell activator. We show here thatVicia villosa-adherent CD8+T (VV-T) cells, which have a contrasuppressive activity, play an important role in the B-cell response to EBV and that T-helper cells are not required for antibody production against EBV particles. We have examined this activity by measuring anti-EBV IgM antibody production by B cellsin vitroin the presence and the absence of both T-helper and VV-T cells. The presence or absence of T-helper cells did not affect antibody production. Our results suggest that the antigen-presenting activity of VV-T cells was virus specific, while the contrasuppressive activity was not. Control experiments carried out in parallel using human cytomegalovirus (CMV) produced similar results also for CMV-specific IgM production. Taken together, our data lead us to hypothesize that VV-T cells might also play other roles in EBV infections: on the one hand, by presenting EBV to B cells, VV-T cells could contribute to the spread of viral infection of B lymphocytes, as the latter are the exclusive targets for EBV immortalization within the immune system; on the other hand, by inhibiting the effect of T-suppressor cells on T-helper cells, VV-T cells could indirectly help the latter maintain their lymphokine producing activity, especially interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production, which in turn could directly or indirectly (i.e., by stimulating natural killer and T cells) contribute to control of the EBV infection

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.23

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTPatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have aberrant production of a number of lymphokines and monokines. Envelope glycoproteins are believed to be important in HIV pathogenesis and may influence the production of these cytokines. Therefore, synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences 735–752 and 846–860 of glycoprotein gp41 and to amino acid sequence 304–328 of gp120 were investigated for their abilities to affect the production of the following cytokines by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of appropriate inducers: interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In contrast to cells and inducers alone (or in the presence of a control peptide), gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides were able to depress the production of IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-2. In contrast, these peptides produced an elevation of the production of IL-1 and TNF. The effect of the gp41 peptides was more marked than that of gp120 peptides in most cases. These studies indicate that these HIV envelope glycoproteins may be directly responsible for aberrant lymphokine and monokine production in patients infected with this virus and therefore may be at least partially responsible for the pathogenesi

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.33

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTPurified proteins of the virus causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia in the trout were added to cultures on semisolid medium of leukocytes obtained from either healthy or immunized rainbow trout. Adherent cells were specifically stimulated by the glycoprotein of the viral spikes and, to a lesser extent, by the nucleoproteins. In contrast, a specific memory response was associated more with the nucleoproteins than with the glycoprotein when leukocytes from trout immunized with the virus were employed. These results suggest the necessity of employing both proteins in subunit vaccination trials and the possibility of using this assay to select the proper epitopes for genetically engineered proteins during subunit vaccine development.

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.43

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTTheiler's virus causes chronic primary demyelination associated with viral persistence in SJL/J mice. We have investigated the effector functions of T lymphocytes isolated from inflammatory brain lesions to detect a local immune dysfunction associated with viral persistence.In vitro, CD4+T cells induced B-lymphocyte proliferation and antibody secretion; CD8+T cells had cytolytic activity. Therefore, Theiler's virus persistence does not include local immune unresponsiveness.

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.53

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTMice of the C.B-17 strain homozygous for the seid mutation (SCID mice) were infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), and plasma samples obtained at intervals up to 42 days postinfection were analyzed for total immunoglobulins, anti-LDV antibodies, virus-specific immune complexes, and viremia levels. The mice responded to LDV infection with transient increases in total blood IgM, production of IgM–antigen complexes and IgM anti-LDV, as well as increased blood IgG2a. However, SCID mice failed to make a specific IgG2a anti-LDV immune response, and their blood LDV levels were elevated about 100-fold relative to those of control mice. The results suggest a role for IgG antibodies in the regulation of viremia and demonstrate a viral pathway of B-cell differentiation in SCID mic

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.59

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

ISSN:0882-8245    

DOI:10.1089/vim.1991.4.71

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL