摘要:

AbstractLearning is one of the most important problems in the speech recognition of unspecified speakers. The authors have already proposed a set of phoneme templates and non‐supervised learning. By that method, a satisfactory result was obtained for the recognition of five Japanese vowels and ten numerals. The learning is essentially a selection of templates, and there was no positive adaptation in the sense that the template matched to each speaker is constructed. To improve further the performance of the learning it is necessary to construct the template which pertinently represents the features of the speaker. The already‐reported scheme is pointed out as unsatisfactory in the adaptation from such a viewpoint. The authors then investigated a new nonsupervised learning algorithm where the traditional learning algorithm is improved to enhance the adaptability, and the phoneme templates are constructed automatically by the nonsupervised learning with a batch processing by storing speech data. This paper discusses the two nonsupervised learning algorithms and the word recognition system containing those algorit

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers several serializable classes in database concurrencey control, namely: Δ‐, τ‐, and σ‐serializable classes. It is shown that:1the DITS in a labeled directed graph (proposed by Ibaraki et al. for testing membership of σ‐serializable class) can be extended to both ϵ‐ and Δ‐serializable classes;2several proofs are given that the ϵ‐serializable class is a significant definition of concurrency control, especially in a cautious scheduler model;3the computational complexity of testing membership of ϵ‐ and Δ‐serializable classes is analyzed; and4the inclusion relationship of the preceding three serializable classes under restricted numbers of versions for several types of transact

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the recent trends of high‐density packing of electronic circuits and higher‐degree of integration, cross talks between signal lines have become a problem. This paper describes the effect of guard‐shielding on the reduction of crosstalk noises. In relation to the development of our noise evaluation system for printed circuit boards NESSY, the effect of the guard‐shielding was examined by dividing the circuit substrate so that capacitance and inductance of each division is calculated, and by simulating them with a partial element equivalent network. The results were compared with the results of experiments carried out under the same conditions. The experiments and simulations show that: the effect of the guard‐shield depends greatly on the condition of the termination resistances and the termination conditions of the shield; the guard‐shield is effective in reducing the crosstalk noises (e.g., the noise reduces to half even with a thin shield line of the order of 0.1 mm set between the signal lines); it is necessary to ground the shield line at more than two points, since a guard‐line with a single grounding point sometimes even increa

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe unification is a basic component of Prolog processing. However, its parallel processing has not been well studied because the number of arguments, which corresponds to the degree of the unification parallelism, is small, and a consistency check operation is necessary after a parallel unification operation. On these issues, we have implemented the following ideas: (1) enhancing the degree of parallelism by decomposing a compound term into a functor and the arguments at compile‐time; (2) allocating decomposed unification processing to multiple processor units (PUs) at run‐time; (3) decreasing the number of consistency checks by the compile‐time clustering and reducing the overhead by embedding the consistency check operations into the unification processing; and (4) stopping the operations of the other processors if the unification fails. To clarify the effect, we have developed and evaluated a Prolog processor on a multiprocessor system. The results show that statistically: (1) the decomposition of compound terms makes the number of arguments 3.2 on the average even after clustering, and that dynamically, (1) the unification parallelism performs 41 percent speed up, and the effect is evident at a small number of processors; (2) the compile‐time clustering makes the consistency check unnecessary; (3) the stop operation of processors, running in parallel, attains 0.5 – 6 percent (and 10 percent for some problems) performance improvement; and (4) the processing of clause head occupies 60 – 70 percent of dynamic microsteps and is an important object of parallel

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEfficiency and reliability are essential to microprograms, and it is important to perform debugging and evaluation through interaction with the simulator. The simulator is also indispensable in the development of the microprogram in parallel to the hardware. However, if a dedicated simulator is to be developed for each target computer, constraints are imposed on time and cost, making it difficult to realize a high‐level interactive interface. On the other hand, if a general‐purpose simulator is to be employed, it is difficult to provide an interface suited to the target computer, such as visual simulation. This paper proposes an object‐oriented system aiming at the realization of both the detailed function of the dedicated simulator and the versatility of the software. Although the object‐oriented language has a high modularity, adequate modeling must be provided for the whole system including the interfaces, to ensure the machine‐independence of the microprogram simulator, where the object of the description itself depends on the target computer. In this paper, an interactive interface is proposed, which is suited to the debugging of the microprogram. Then a realization by the object‐oriented scheme is described which has a high flexibility against the modification of hardware specification and permits an easy reuse of the software for other computers. As a practical example, the development of μP simulator by the authors is outlined, together with the description of the us

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is necessary to display clearly characters and figures in addition to ordinary pictures, for CRT displays of computer terminals and high‐definition televisions (HDTV). Among the factors constituting image quality of CRTs, image sharpness is important. This paper proposes a method of objective evaluation of the image sharpness of CRT displays, and describes a real‐time image‐sharpness evaluation system based on this method. In the system, the spatial‐frequency characteristics of the whole CRT display are measured quickly using a microprocessor. Then the value of the sharpness under given objective conditions is calculated using both the data observed and a mathematical model of a human‐visual system. It was confirmed that the image‐sharpness of TV‐receivers measured by this evaluation system agrees well with subjective evaluations. The proposed system provides a practical method of evaluating or predicting the image‐sharpness

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of VLSI technology makes possible the implementation of systolic algorithms as silicon chips are placed in many operational cells arranged in an array. This paper describes a synthesis method of systolic algorithms for problems whose solving procedures are described by a certain kind of nested loop program. A systolic algorithm is specified by a geometry of systolic array, function of processing cells, and timing of data streams flowing among the cells. The synthesis method provides a systematic function of cells and timing of data streams for a given geometry of systolic arrays so that computation procedures of a loop program are executed in parallel. The algorithm obtained is represented not by a heuristic expression, but by a procedure description language. The nested loop programs to be designed by the synthesis method include such matrix manipulations as multiplication, addition and LU decomposition, and also such basic operations in the relational algebra as selection, join, and sorting, all of which are demonstrated.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFault‐tolerant designs which incorporate redundancy to improve the yields of VLSI chips are well known. In such designs flaws in a chip are excluded by reconfiguration. This paper discusses the reconfiguration problem of a rectangular systolic array: Given a rectangular systolic array, construct a flawless array of maximum size. Three levels of constraints on reconfiguration are considered, and for each constraint the problem is proved to be NP‐complete and an approximation algorithm is propo

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn arbitrary closed curve on a plane can be represented as a Fourier series. Curves may be useful particularly for the experimental study on description and recognition of closed curves, provided that the arc length is used as the parameter for their parametric representation. This paper introduces by formal discussion a method to generate a closed curve with Fourier representation which passes through a sequence of points or their neighborhood, in the sequence order, given such a point sequence. In particular, a simple method is introduced which uses the Fourier transform and interpolating filters for a case in which the sequence comprises a relatively small number of points and in which the distances between successive points are not uniform. In addition, a conversion is described by which the arc length becomes the parameter. Fourier representation of a closed curve has often been applied to pattern recognition of images and figures. As a result, Fourier coefficients have been calculated based on the discrete Fourier transform of the coordinate sequence comprising the grid points or of their interpolated points. However, the mathematical meaning of the Fourier transform method has not been clarified. The formal discussion in this paper also clarifies this meaning.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe upright standing posture of human beings is unstable because of the inverted pendulum characteristics of the body. The posture control function is explained in the physiology by the stretch reflexes. The functional properties of the posture control are reflected to the area of body away during standing. Such integrated information as area of body sway and length of locus of body sway is applied to the diagnosis of sensory disabilities affecting posture control and the physical education study, etc. However, there have been few reports on the differential information of body sway. The aim of this study is to propose an extraction method of differential information from the time series of the center of foot pressure (CFP) at standing using an autoregressive model. The differential information proposed here is the velocity, the acceleration, and the wave number of the time series of CFP. It describes the relation between the differential information and integrated information of body sway. The differential information is effective in evaluating the postural reflex during an upright standing task.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY