ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008067

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although several affective impairments have been demonstrated to occur following closed-head injury (CHI), deficits of the communicative function of language, particularly sentential and suprasentential pragmatic aspects, have been suggested, but not demonstrated, to occur. This study compared 31 normals and 31 severely closed-head injured patients matched for age, sex and education. The dependent measures consisted of a facial test of emotion (FTE) and a contextual test of emotion (CTE). The former task consisted of 36 slides representing facial expressions of the six emotions demonstrated by Ekman and colleagues to be transcultural, namely, joy, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. The subject was required to name the appropriate emotion for each slide. The latter task consisted of correctly identifying the appropriate emotion for each of 36 brief verbal narratives representing contexts connotative of the same six transcultural emotions. The CHI patients were impaired overall on the FTE but not the CTE. However, the ability to identify anger was significantly impaired on both tasks when considered in isolation from the other emotions. It was concluded that a processing deficit of primary emotional material, particularly anger, does exist following CHI, but that this deficit is not necessarily independent of task and/or modality parameters. It was also concluded that evidence of a pragmatic deficit of the language function following CHI remains to be provided at this time.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008068

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This retrospective study was conducted: (1) to establish the incidence of dysphagia with head injury, (2) to demonstrate the capabilities of videofluorography (VFG) in identifying the common areas of swallowing dysfunction, and (3) to demonstrate the dysphagia management advantages of the VFG. Nine patients (30%) were found to have significant swallowing problems among 30 patients admitted to the Head Injury Program, Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, NY in 9 months. These nine patients represent 4-5% of all head-injured patients admitted. The most common swallowing problems demonstrated by videofluorography barium swallow were prolonged oral transit and delayed swallowing reflex; each occurring in 87-5% of eight cases. The study revealed a high correlation between swallowing dysfunction and prolonged hospitalization. Serial VFGs document improved swallowing function, and indicate when relatively safe cessation of nasogastric tube feedings can be achieved. This may permit shorter hospitalization.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008069

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Impaired work capacity is one of the most common residual impairments encountered after either a severe or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet no instrument is available for screening TBI victims regarding their readiness to participate in more comprehensive vocational planning and evaluation. In the study reported here, the Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) was administered to 76 subjects who suffered a moderate or severe TBI and the results obtained were compared to the Rancho Los Amigos Hospital Levels of Cognitive Functioning, the Mini-Mental State and the Glasgow Outcome Scale for sensitivity in discerning vocational readiness. The results obtained indicated that the FAI composite score has the greatest discriminating power in screening the vocational readiness of this population, followed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale. In addition, the FAI cluster scores demonstrated reasonable discriminative ability, which may prove useful in directing ongoing remediation.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008070

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A retrospective descriptive study (n = 44) was conducted on the response styles of post-acute traumatic brain-injured patients on the MMPI. The sample profiles were examined on indices of consistency, random responding, and bias to look good or bad. The results showed that about 20% of the profiles were markedly inconsistent, including two profiles which met the criteria for random responding. Depending on the cut-off score used, between 0 and 9% were identified as biased to look bad, while between 18 and 30% were identified as biased to look good. A mean profile on the primary clinical and research scales was developed and a frequency count of the high two-point codes was conducted. This profile approached clinically significant levels on the Psychopathic deviant, Schizophrenia, Depression, and Mania scales, respectively. The three most frequently occurring two-point codes (2-4, 4-8, and 4-9) have been classified as characterological in nature. The primary implication of these results for clinicians was the need for careful scrutiny of indices of consistency, random responding and bias to look good when interpreting self-report measures such as the MMPI with the TBI population.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008071

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A case is presented of a 13-year-old right-handed male who exhibited bilateral striato-capsular lesions following an episode of cerebral anoxia and a range of clinical features typical of aphemia. The findings of a neurological assessment, neuroradiological assessment and battery of speech/language tests are described and their implications for current theories regarding the role of the basal ganglia in speech/language function discussed. The patient initially demonstrated an isolated loss of the ability to articulate words without the loss of the ability to write or comprehend spoken language. His initial mutism later resolved into a dysarthria with features similar to those seen in hypokinetic dysarthria. It was concluded that striato-capsular lesions in childhood are capable of producing temporary language disturbances and in some cases a persistent dysarthria.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008072

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two patients who were deeply unconscious (GCS = 4) following head injuries, sustained whilst intoxicated with alcohol, became hypothermic due to cold exposure. Despite negative prognostic factors both underwent craniotomy and evacuation of large acute subdural haematoma. After intensive postoperative management and rehabilitation both have made satisfactory recoveries. The contribution of hypothermia to their unpredicted favourable outcome is discussed, and the importance of recording temperature in head-injured patients is emphasized.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008073

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Periarticular new bone formation is frequently observed in patients with prolonged coma, usually affecting large joints such as shoulders, elbows and hip joints. Unusual locations of PNBF involving the wrist and the inter-phalangeal joints arc described in three patients who were in coma due to anoxic or traumatic brain insults. In each case flexor ankylosing positions were the end result.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008074

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reports an acute subdural haematoma mimicking an epidural haematoma as seen on a non-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head in a patient who had sustained a traumatic head injury. The patient had undergone a craniotomy 4 years prior to the injury described here.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008075

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Behavioural contracting, point systems and point systems plus response costs were compared to determine their effectiveness in increasing the attendance of two head-injured adolescents at class and therapy sessions. All of the motivational systems increased attendance, although the point system plus response cost seemed slightly more effective for one client.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058909008076

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor