ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150927

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The study reported here examined the nature and effectiveness of compensatory strategies appearing in the conversational discourse of six closed head injured patients. Subject performance on a range of communication measures was compared with their judged abilities on a taxonomy of 32 compensatory strategies. Results indicated that all subjects employed a wide range of strategies but to differential effect. The overall effectiveness of these strategies correlated strongly with performance on the oral language subtest of the Western Aphasia Battery, the Communicative Abilities in Daily Living Test and a pragmatic protocol. The development of compensation following brain injury is viewed as a process of equilibration, determined in part by neurological and subject variables, and in part by ecologic variables. The implications for therapeutic management are discussed.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150928

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Schaffer collateral responses recorded from CA1 pyramidal cell layers in the hippocampus were analysed in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. Other features of this rat model of chronic hydrocephalus were evaluated from measurements of the intracranial pressure, Na-fluorescein migration from the ventricle to the cerebral parenchyma, and behavioural changes. The results indicated that: (1) the conduction velocity of the Schaffer collaterals was unchanged; (2) the threshold to elicit population spikes was decreased; (3) the paired-pulse facilitation of EPSP tended to increase; (4) the paired-pulse inhibition of population spikes was unchanged; and (5) the long-term potentiation of population spikes was clearly attenuated in the hydrocephalic rats. The changes seen in the long-term potentiation were less pronounced in rats which underwent kaolin injection but did not develop hydrocephalus. The above findings suggest that disturbance in the postsynaptic integration processes, rather than axonal conduction or synaptic transmission, are more important for the production of the neurological deficits seen in chronic hydrocephalus. Electron microscopic observations supporting this inference are also briefly described.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150929

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study is the first attempt to characterize neurological and behavioural consequences of fluid-percussion concussive head injury in the cat. Both animals initially anaesthetized by N20 as well as unanaesthetized, chronically prepared animals were subjected to injury. Injury with a fluid-pressure wave of 1 -9-2-5 atm (duration 21-24 ms) produced a brief generalized areflexia. Following this initial response, injury greater than 2-1 atm frequently produced a period associated with hypotonia of postural muscles and suppression of postural motor responses (flaccidity). A close association between flaccidity and other indices of coma such as absence of cyc-opening responses was noted. These consequences of injury can occur without fatal apnoac, circulatory collapse or overt intraparcnchymal haemorrhages. This result suggests that mechanical stress predominantly restricted to the brain stem in fluid percussion may be sufficient, at least in the cat, to produce coma associated with flaccidity which has been previously documented for acceleration concussion. There was no evidence that fluid percussion produced EEG depression similar to the effects of lesions in the mesencephalic reticular activating system (RAS). Thus, depression of general levels of brain activity including those within the RAS seems not be nececessary for production of this form of reversible coma.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150930

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the preceding paper we reported that concussive levels of fluid-percussion head injury can produce transient flaccidity of postural muscles associated with other indices of coma. This reversible coma associated with flaccidity follows an initial period of generalized areflexia and occurs in the absence of EEG slow waves. The present study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying the flaccidity following concussive head injury be recording dorsal and ventral root potentials of the spinal cord. Studies indicated that, during the initial period of generalized areflexia, afferent input transmission was depressed although the excitability of motoneuronal pools was increased. In contrast, during periods of flaccidity, spinal cord somatomotor functions were depressed while transmission of afferent inputs was recovering. Systematic transection of the brain stem showed that activity within structures lying between collicular and midpontine levels is necessary to produce this latter condition. Cholinergic activation of pontine inhibitory areas within this same region of the rostral pons can produce profound descending inhibitory influences on postural somatomotor function in conjunction with other features of coma including suppression of eye-opening responses. Such effects occur without EEG slow waves. Moreover, other data indicate that local rates of glucose utilization within this pontine inhibitory area increase following concussive head injury. Thus, it is possible that a predominance of activity within the pontine inhibitory area could provide at least one neural basis for the reversible comatose state following concussive head injury characterized by close association between flaccidity and other indices of coma. Possible relationships of these data to clinically observed features of concussion are discussed.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150931

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150932

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study reports the improvement of verbal interaction skills in a 27-year-old severely head-injured male who presented with an inappropriate attention-seeking circumlocutory conversational style. The patient was baselined on verbal response to three differing question forms, and then treated using combined cognitive behavioural methods on a daily sessional basis. Treatment resulted in a significant clinical change out of sessions, whilst the overall in-session improvement proved significant at the 005 level. Follow-up at 2 months indicated that the trend of improvement had continued beyond the treatment period.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699058809150933

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor