ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Bilateral thermal lesions in the feline pontine tegmentum release elaborate behaviours during rapid eye movement sleep (REM). The behaviours, which are lesion‐site specific, are consistent with the brain's paradoxical appearance of ‘alertness’ in REM and are largely isolated from environmental events, as are human dreams. This phenomenon may aid in understanding the neurophysiology underlying human dreams but offers little to the unravelling of their cognitive

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY This article focuses attention on the perennial issue of home versus laboratory recording situations for the garnering of dream reports. Studies into the experimental control over procedures for both waking and interviewing are reviewed. Against this background, an experiment into the relationship between REM/NREM sleep and visual imagery is reported. We found that, having corrected for total word count, visual imagery still made an independent contribution to REM reports. This finding is evaluated in the light of differential cognitive mechanisms underlying dream formation during slee

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Within a Human Information Processing (HIP) framework, dreaming can be subdivided into three main components: Input, Processing and Output. Until recently, only the Output has been extensively studied due to its relatively easy accessibility in the form of dream reports. Much less is known about the other two components.A method is presented by which one can get information on the nature of the input component to dream processing. In this method the subjects are requested to identify the memory sources of their dreams, collected upon experimental awakenings. The materials thus obtained are then classified into categories derived from Tulving's distinction between Episodic and Semantic memory. Several aspects, including interviewing and scoring procedures, had to be specified in order to use the method, which was applied in a series of studies. The aim was to clarify the similarities as well as the differences between REM and NREM dreams. The main results give further support to the hypothesis of the existence of a unique dream production system that operates at different levels of engagement during the various sleep phase

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Dream content in NREM and REM sleep correlates with the subjective experience of having slept immediately before awakening. The estimation of depth of sleep depends on the quality of the NREM sleep stages. The presence of dreaming in a given sleep stage is more important for the subjective experience of having slept than the duration of the sleep episode before the awakening. Neurotic insomniac patients more often deny mental activity when awoken from NREM and REM sleep, than do healthy subjects. These data suggest that spontaneous awakenings in different sleep stages, especially in the first sleep cycle, correlate with the insomniac's tendency to underestimate sleep duration and qualit

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY EEG spectral power was studied during periods of rapid eye movements (REMs) and tonic intervals in REM sleep of 7 young and 7 older male subjects. Significant symmetrical decreases in alpha and betal power at central and occipital sites, concurrent with an increase in frontal theta power, were observed during the production of REMs. The former findings are discussed as sleep analogues to changes in alpha and betal during waking, showing increased information processing and behavioural activation, and that of theta is tentatively presented as reflecting an increase in afferent thresholds. Independent of the phasic‐tonic REM distinction, total EEG power markedly decreased as a function of time of night and did not interact with age. Significant age differences in the overall spectral composition of the EEG were obtained, namely, a lower level of delta power and a relative shift towards more power in frequencies above 12 Hz for the older group. Further, older subjects also demonstrated a more uniform topographical distribution of alpha and sigma po

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the extent to which activity and immobility measures are related to sleep stages and sleep cycles in order to improve the informative value of actigraphic assessment of sleep. We therefore performed simultaneous ambulatory polysomnography and wrist‐activity monitoring (AM) in 14 healthy male subjects without sleep complaints. In this context, a simple method for transforming raw motor activity data into a time‐series reflecting onset and duration of activity and immobility clusters is introduced.Our results demonstrate that nocturnal AM measures were significantly affected by sleep stage. Low activity levels and particularly prolonged episodes of uninterrupted immobility were associated with increasing sleep depth. On the other hand, high activity levels and prolonged episodes of activity were related to intermittent wakefulness during sleep. Our results suggest that measures reflecting the occurrence and duration of activity and immobility clusters provide a better approach in studying the relationship between activity/immobility and sleep stages.Except for the duration of uninterrupted immobility episodes, which showed a significant decrease in the fourth cycle, none of the AM measures showed a significant cycle‐to‐cycle variation. Consequently, mean nocturnal motor activity measures provide an accurate reflection of the total sleep period. However, none of the AM‐derived measures seems useful in evaluating the cycle structure d

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The present paper reports on the influence of the Scud missile attacks during the Gulf War on the sleep of Israeli children. Two studies were performed. In the first, sleep habits and sleep disturbances of 61 (mean age 20 months) infants were assessed by questionnaires completed by their parents 5 months before the war and immediately after the end of the War. Comparison of pre‐ and post‐war data revealed no major changes in sleep habits or in sleep quality. In the second study, sleep of 55 children was monitored at home by actigraphs during the last month of the War. All children were aroused during missile attacks, but returned to sleep immediately, with no evidence of carry‐over effects once the ‘all clear’ sign was given. Comparison of sleep quality measures obtained during the War with those of age‐ and sex‐matched children monitored a year before the war did not reveal any significant differences apart from the immediate respons

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY This study investigated the relationship of Periodic Leg Movements (PLMs) to the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in 52 patients. In addition the prevalence of PLMs in OSA was compared with two other patient populations: narcolepsy and idiopathic PLM disorder (n= 38). All patients were between 20 and 50 years in age and were compared with a control group of 88 asymptotic paid volunteers aged between 20 and 50.PLMs were scored when tibialis anterior EMG activity lasted 0.5–5.0 s with an amplitude of at least half that of pre‐sleep voluntary ankle dorsiflexion and when they were part of 4 or more consecutive events separated by 20–90 s.The prevalence of PLMs in OSA was 27.6%, which was similar to the prevalence in our normal controls of 20.5%. However, in the OSA group the majority of the PLMs occurred in the mild OSA patients (40.7%). This was similar to the prevalence of PLMs in narcoleptics (50%). The prevalence of PLMs in moderate OSA, was 24.5%; similar to that of normal controls. In severe OSA, PLMs were also low (12.5%).There is an inverse relationship between PLMs and the severity of OSA. The greater number of arousals and awakenings associated with respiratory irregularities seen in the severe OSA group produced an equivocal manifestation

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Since rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation has been reported to affect the neuronal excitability in the brain, it was hypothesized that a change in the neuronal membrane‐bound Na‐K ATPase activity might be at least one of the factors inducing such a change. Therefore, in this study rats were deprived of REM sleep by using the platform technique and enzyme activity was estimated in the whole brain, in different regions of the brain and in microsomal preparations. Deprivation was carried out for varying periods and suitable control experiments were conducted to rule out the possibility of nonspecific effects. The observation supported our hypothesis and showed primarily that the deprivation increased the enzyme activity in the rat brain. It showed also that the pons and the medulla were the first sites to be affected by deprivation. The probable mechanism producing such a change is disc

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY