ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Slow‐wave sleep (SWS) has been theorized to be an intense form of nonREM sleep, but selective deprivation of SWS or Stage 4 sleep has not been shown to cause greater decrements in alertness or performance, compared to deprivation or disruption of the other stages of sleep. The present experiment examined the effects of marked SWS deprivation (SD) for two nights, a control sleep disruption (CD) condition in which minutes of SWS were preserved, and a no sleep disruption (ND) condition. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and performance was evaluated with the simulated assembly line task (SALT), neither of which was used in previous studies of SWS or Stage 4 sleep deprivation. In agreement with prior studies, two nights of SD did not cause greater daytime sleepiness than did CD, although sleepiness in both conditions was increased compared to the ND condition. In addition, neither SD nor CD caused declines in performance or mood. However,post hocanalysis suggests an interaction between SWS and sleep duration, such that sufficient SWS may tend to prevent adverse effects of mild sleep loss on waking funct

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Five healthy adult women aged 20 to 28 had 12–15 polysomnographic recordings, as well as daily basal body temperature and multiple LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone measurements taken during a single menstrual cycle. Sleep stages were scored both visually and with a spindle and delta‐wave, real‐time, automatic analysing system. A cubic growth‐curve model showed that the frequency of sleep spindles changed markedly over the menstrual cycle: spindle frequency was lowest about 18 days before onset of menses and highest 3 days before onset of menses. Slow waves did not change. The percentages of Stage 1 and REM sleep showed small changes during the menstrual cycle, and other parameters of visually scored sleep showed no tendency to change. Spindle frequency may reflect the effects of sex hormones on the reticular thalamic nucleus and may be a quantitative marker of premenstrual sleep dis

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY We have previously described that, in normal man, the nocturnal oscillations of plasma renin activity (PRA) exactly reflect the rapid eye movement (REM)–non(N)REM sleep cycles, with increasing PRA levels during NREM sleep and decreasing levels during REM sleep. This study was carried out to determine whether REM sleep suppression affects nocturnal renin profiles and to define which sleep stage is essential for renin release.In a first experimental series, REM sleep was suppressed by using clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant. Seven healthy young men were studied once during a night when a placebo was given and once during a night following a single dose of 50 mg clomipramine. Blood was collected every 10 min from 23.00 hours to 07.00 hours. PRA was measured by radio‐immunoassay and the nocturnal profiles were analysed using the pulse detection program ULTRA. Clomipramine suppressed REM sleep in all subjects but one, but did not affect the number of SWS episodes nor their duration. Similar PRA profiles were observed in both experimental conditions. Neither the mean levels, nor the number and the amplitude of the oscillations were modified and the normal relationship between slow wave sleep and increasing PRA levels was preserved.In a second experimental series, REM sleep was prevented by rapidly awakening the subjects as soon as they fell into REM sleep. The four subjects studied attempted several times to go into REM sleep, but only when PRA levels were decreasing. The interruption of REM sleep by short waking periods did not disturb PRA for which the oscillations remained unaffected. Again, the relationship between SWS and increasing PRA levels was preserved.These results provide evidence that mechanisms increasing slow‐wave activity are principally involved in increasing PRA levels and that replacing REM sleep by waking periods and light sleep does not modify nocturnal PRA oscil

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The antagonistic effects of extensive sleep deprivation (SD) on human cognitive performance are well documented. However, one aspect of human performance that has not been investigated with respect to its susceptibility to SD is the ‘metacognitive’ ability to self‐monitor overt performance. In the present study, 16 male subjects participated in an experiment requiring sustained cognitive work during a three day period. One of the cognitive tasks required the mental addition of rapidly presented numbers. On each trial, subjects reported the sum and then provided a subjective confidence rating to indicate the degree of certainty in their response. As expected, performance on the sequential addition task deteriorated with increasing fatigue and returned to baseline following a recovery sleep. However,calibrationanalyses, which quantify a number of properties of the relationship between subjective and overt performance, revealed that the correlation between confidence and performance (calibration), the ability to differentiate correct from incorrect judgments (resolution), and validity of subjective ‘certainty’, were all unaffected by SD. Hence, in the absence of external feedback from the environment, people have access to fairly reliable internal feedback about their performance during periods of sustained and vigilant cogniti

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Eight subjects were studied on an irregular sleep/wake schedule which was designed so that prior wake time and the time of day when 4‐h sleep periods were taken were both balanced. Rectal temperature and the sleep EEG were measured throughout the 8‐d protocol. A purification method was used to estimate the depression of rectal temperature (masking) caused by the first and second halves of each 4‐h sleep period. On average this was 0.187 ± 0.015°C during the first 2h and 0.262 ± 0.017°C during the second 2h. Masking increases beyond the first 2 h of sleep, but any effects due to the phase of the rectal temperature when sleep is taken are very weak. However, masking did increase (that is, the temperature was depressed more) when the amount of prior wake time was greater than 4 h. When the effects of sleep content variables were considered also, masking was still greater in the second half of sleep and tended to increase with the amount of slow‐wave sleep, but it decreased with increasing amounts of time awake during a sleep period (sleep latency or sleep discontinuity). Some implications of these results for the mechanism of sleep‐induced masking

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS) is a simple questionnaire‐based method used to measure the symptoms of the narcoleptic syndrome. The 11‐item scale (range 0–44) assesses the two main features of the narcoleptic syndrome, the abnormal sleeping tendency and cataplexy. The UNS sum score reliably distinguishes patients with the narcoleptic syndrome from patients with sleep apnoea, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. The mean score in patients with the narcoleptic syndrome was 27.3 (95% confidence limits 24.4–33.1); the sleep apnoea group with a mean score of 9.6 (95% confidence limits 7.2–12.0) came closest to this. Validation data were also selected from a large survey of non‐institutionalized adults in Finland including groups with insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, sciatica, alcohol abuse, and high scores on a depression scale and on a scale of neurovegetative symptoms. With the lowest UNS score in the narcoleptic syndrome group (= 14) as the cutpoint, the sensitivity is 100% and the specificity is 98.8% in the subjects studied. The accurate assessment of the symptoms of the narcoleptic syndrome in a format suitable for questionnaire studies

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY