摘要:

ABSTRACTIn attempting to account for the relatively late emergence of a powerful workers’ party, students of British political development have advanced two competing explanations. A cultural approach, based on a conversion model of electoral change, argues that Labour's emergence was hindered by the low level of political consciousness among the British working class prior to World War I. According to the contrasting structural approach, which follows a mobilization model of electoral transformation, Labour's slow progress before the war can be attributed to various restrictive features of the electoral system that excluded the party's natural constituency. Through ecological analysis of a set of 'surrogate’ constituencies in the pre‐war electoral system, this paper examines the social contours of political incorporation, and analyses the probable partisan impact of restricted participation. The results reveal deficiencies in the structural approach that can be remedied by reconciling the insights from conversion and mobilization t

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTConsociational democracy is usually explained in terms of the accommodation of conflicts resulting from cultural segmentation. This explanation hardly applies to modern Switzerland. This article presents an alternative explanation which focuses on conditions and strategies of majority formation. It is argued that direct democracy combined with a high level of socio‐economic and political differentiation makes a consociational pattern of decision‐making necessary. Such decision‐making, however, involves high transaction costs and, therefore, hardly allows for the formation of a stable grand coalition. The article investigates the consequences of this situation and presents some empirical evi

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe nature and scope of political participation in Norway has been the subject of considerable analysis and debate. The present study reports new findings from a nationwide sample survey carried out in early 1981. The empirical focus is expanded to cover four major areas of decision‐making involvement: political democracy, workplace democracy, special‐interest democracy and protest. Emphasis is placed on the amount and concentration of involvement within and across these areas. The results are presented and analysed within an instrumentalist perspective which views involvement as a conscious effort to influence personal or group interests. The major conclusion is that there is much more decision‐making involvement in Norway than has been previously presumed or rep

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe tragedy of the commons is now a widely used allegory on the problems of collective action. This paper shows, however, that generalizations from the original story to other applications are dangerous. This is because several key properties of a common influence the most appropriate method of avoiding the tragedy. The argument is developed using discussion of three space commons. These are the broadcasting frequency spectrum, the geostationary satellite orbit and the Moon. Each has different properties that involve different tragedies and invite different solutions.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY