ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:An index of self‐sufficiency in children with Down's syndrome was developed for use in a study of the process of adaptation in families living in the Greater Manchester area. The children were 6‐14 years old, and living at home. Index scores were based on the mothers’responses to a questionnaire covering their children's personal and domestic functioning and community self‐sufficiency, and were obtained from 111 of the 117 mothers who took part in the study. A wide range of child‐ and family‐related variables were found to be significantly associated with self‐sufficiency scores on a univariate level. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify those variables which best predicted the level of self‐sufficiency achieved. After the child's mental age, the most significant variables were excitability, behaviour problems, the extent the mother used practical means of coping, and the level of social activity experienced by the child. Together, these five variables explained 63% of the variance in self‐sufficiency scores. The dynamics by which such factors may relate to selfsufficiency in children with Down's syndrome are discussed, and intervention aimed at promoting the use of practical ways of coping by par

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper is in two parts. The first part reviews the available literature describing sleep patterns of people with mental handicap and the nature and prevalence of sleep disorders amongst this client group. Both electroencephalographic studies and informant‐based reports are included. The literature is small, particularly in terms of the latter reports, and most of the information from both E.E.G. and informant sources describes populations of children with mental handicap. The need for further investigation of sleep and sleep problems, particularly amongst adults with mental handicap, therefore, becomes evident. The second part presents the results of a detailed sleep survey of 120 adults with mental handicap, approximately half of whom were resident in hospital and half in the community. A descriptive summary of the total sample is provided. Fifteen per cent of the sample presented significant sleep problems, particularly in the form of intermittent wakenings. The results of comparisons between (1) good and poor sleepers (2) hospital and community residents and (3) people with mental handicap and‘normal’adults (using data from another study) are then presented. The relationships between sleep and daytime functioning and the potential usefulness of behavioural approaches to management of sleep pattern are disc

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Gentle teaching and visual screening procedures have been used to control severe behaviour problems in persons with mental retardation. An alternating treatments design was used to compare gentle teaching, visual screening and a tasktraining condition in the reduction of high levels of self‐injury of an adult with profound mental retardation. Following baseline, a task‐training condition using standard behavioural techniques was implemented to establish the effects of training the subject on age‐appropriate tasks. Results showed a modest reduction in self‐injury. This was followed by an alternating treatments phase in which visual screening, gentle teaching and no‐treatment control conditions were compared. Both procedures were superior to the control condition in reducing self‐injury, with visual screening being more effective than gentle teaching. When visual screening was implemented across two and then all three daily conditions, self‐injury was further reduced to near‐zero levels. Bonding occurred at the same low levels under both treatments, contrary to the predictions of gentle teachi

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Views about ways of telling parents their child has a mental handicap were collected from a group of parents of children with mental handicaps and a group of doctors with some involvement in this field, using postal questionnaires. Four Likerttype scales were refined covering views about the fullness of information, how early parents should be told, whether parents should be protected from shock and unpleasant information, and who should take a primary role in decision‐making. Results indicated that parents were more in favour of being given information about their children's handicaps at an early stage than doctors were, and that they saw themselves as the primary decision‐makers in matters to do with their children, whilst doctors were more neutral about this. There were no differences in how parents and doctors felt about the fullness of explanations or about the explicit‘protection’of parents from shock and unpleasant information. The results support the findings of other studies which have stressed parents’wishes to be given as much information as early as possible and to be treated as the people primarily responsible for their child. In addition, a difference between what doctors believe to be the best approach and what parents believe to be the best approach is suggested, and the importance of doctors being given opportunities to learn directly from parents and people with mental handicaps themselves is e

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.What parents of young mentally handicapped children think about parenting and teaching can affect their response to services offered, particularly programmes of advice on how to boost their child's rate of development. The paper presents a descriptive study of 40 mothers’and fathers’perceptions of their role in their child's activities, and how these relate to daily patterns of family interaction. The individual variations have implications for intervention strateg

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.There are four administrative areas (Health and Social Services Boards) in Northern Ireland. Two prevalence surveys, carried out several years apart, show that there is a significant geographical gradient in the rates of severe mental handicap (IQ<50). The rates in the 20‐29‐year‐old groups in the Eastern and Northern Boards range between 4.07 and 4.82 per thousand; comparable rates in the Southern and Western Boards range between 5.17 and 6.37. A similar gradient was discernible in the distribution of Down's syn

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.One hundred and sixty mentally retarded adults were administered the WAIS‐R, and the scatter variability of their test profiles was examined. Compared to the WAIS data of Coolidgeet al. (1986), the WAIS‐R was less variable in its intratest and intertest scatter. The data support Wechsler's original statements about the characteristics of intelligence test profiles among mentally retarded adu

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The authors further describe investigations of a family originally reported by Bundey&Smyth in 1974 with a diagnosis of the Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome. Chromosome studies performed for the fourth time revealed that the mother had a presumptive t(4;22) translocation. The importance of reviewing earlier diagnoses, including repeating the chromosome studies if indicated, in order to arrive at a more accurate diagnosis is stressed. It is also important to provide the cytogenetics laboratory with clues to any possible clinically‐recognisable chromosome syndrome, and to be prepared to examine the chromosomes of the parents of the affected case, even if the patient's karyotype appears normal. In this particular family, the correct diagnosis in the affected girls led to a realization that their brother had a 50% risk of producing unbalanced offs

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The reversal of a state of impaired consciousness in a known epileptic following a period of prolonged post‐ictal unconsciousness (with flexor response to nociceptive stimuli) was achieved by use of 0.4 mg naloxone intravenously. This decision was based on the similarity of the individuals clinical presentation to that seen in cases of opiate overdose. The implications of this dramatic clinical intervention are discusse

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY