摘要:

ABSTRACTIt is now well known that a higher proportion of people with mental retardation show behavioural and psychiatric disorders compared to their non‐mentally retarded counterparts. However, the exact relationship between psychiatric illness and behavioural disorder in this population is far from clear. There are problems of using the standard diagnostic and classification categories in this population, particularly in those who are severely and profoundly mentally retarded. Recently, there have been many novel approaches to this diagnostic dilemma, including ‘developmental approach’ and ‘psychodynamic approach’. In the Netherlands, the so‐called ‘developmentaldynamic’ approach has been used in the diagnosis and treatment of behavioural and psychiatric disorders in the mentally retarded. There have also been many treatment approaches, including drug therapy, behavioural treatment, psychotherapy, cognitive and social learning. Also the Dutch, Swiss and German traditions have extensive experience in the directive pedagogical treatment of the me

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTChanges in skill acquisition and problem behaviour, contingent upon the introduction of a new community‐based service, were compared for subjects in three different residential settings: supported accommodation; hospital; and private family homes. Results over a 5‐year period indicate links between service contact and increases in skill level, together with an increase in problem behaviour for subjects who moved from hospital to supported accommodation. The interpretation of client income in the context of service process is discus

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe mental health needs of mentally retarded people cannot be met satisfactorily with generic mental health services. Specialized services are required. A number of different service models have evolved which require evaluation. They include subregional units, community‐based services with a small admission facility, integrated services and specialist teams. Staff working in specialist mental health services must be appropriately traine

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe rediscovery of psychiatric disorders in mentally retarded subjects has revealed the inadequacy of existing diagnostic and classification systems. The major reason for the limitations of the latter is that such systems have not been developed for application in subjects with substantial intellectual handicaps or other brain dysfunctions. Furthermore, the impact of the different aetiological brain factors is more or less neglected, and so are the specific interrelations between brain dysfunctions and psychiatric symptoms. For a better understanding of the behavioural disorders in mentally retarded subjects, the data from primate studies should be taken into consideration, especially where these suggest a relationship between developmental factors and brain dysfunction. Finally, a functional approach is advocated, linking biological and psychological dysfunctions, that could eventually lead to a socalled functional psychopharmacology.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTChoice opportunities were arranged within the occupational programmes of two subjects with profound developmental disabilities. The subject participating in Experiment 1 was already familiar with a computeraided programme aimed at promoting independent occupation. That programme was now extended to allow him to choose activities and reinforcers. He was also exposed to a control programme involving the use of folders with drawings. The subject participating in Experiment 2 had no previous experience with special programmes. For this subject, two versions of a computer‐aided programme were used: one to teach occupational engagement without choice; and the other occupational engagement with choice. The results have shown that the first subjectwas very successful in combining choice behaviour and constructive activity with the computer‐aided programme, but not with the control programme. The second subject learned very rapidly independent activity engagement, but required relatively long time to develop ‘meaningful’ choice behaviour. General implications of the findings are di

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of current trends in the field of dual diagnosis in the United States. Policy, programme, diagnostic and treatment issues are reviewed. The paper will examine the effects of the social policy of deinsdtutionalization on people who have a dual diagnosis and will offer policy ideas for ameliorating some of the significant obstacles facing this population. Exemplary programme models are briefly discussed to illustrate the development of effective services. The challenges of assessing psychopathology in people with mental retardation are addressed. Several therapy and treatment modalities that have proven to be effective with people who have a dual diagnosis are also discussed. Lastly, this paper mentions a new commtinity ideology driven by the values of consumers choice and satisfaction.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY