摘要:

This study was done to record the difference in habituation patterns of optically evoked blink reflexes in mentally retarded and normal adults. Sets of photic stimuli with fixed interstimulus duration were utilized in normal volunteers and Paperink mentally retarded adults. The interstimulus duration decreased with each sequential set. The blink responses were recorded on fibreoptic recording paper. These electrophysiological methods show objectively that the blink responses to light which habituate in normal adults fail to do so in those who arc mentally retarded.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Physical responses to rhythmic stimuli and music, of different degrees of complexity were registered from 25 children with Down's syndrome and 25 other mentally handicapped children. Required performances were taught and then recorded on video‐tape, after which they were assessed by experienced teacher/judges. Whilst there were no overall significant differences between the groups, important differences were detected between the children in different schools with attendam implications for diffcrcnliiil ireatment. Apart from an overall and general assessment of performance, analysis was made of demographic variables, for example, sex, inldtigence, age and social development. It is concluded that specific teaching approaches can significantly effect the development of children with Down's syndrome in such creative aspects of the curriculum as music, movement and danc

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Four mentally handicapped patients, three of whom were aged 75 years plus, with a mean age of 67 years (in 1981) and a total institutional life of 160 years, have been successfully rehabilitated in a group home in an active community environment since August 1981. The process of preparing them for independent living, the social services and community nursing support need, the qualitative change in their life style are described. The success is defined as a fuller community integrated living, free of institutional rigidity and freedom to do what they like with some support and using all the community services as used by other people.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The relationship of cardiac activity to stereotyped behaviour was studied in profoundly mentally retarded persons, using both intra‐ and inter‐group comparisons. The first intra‐group comparison involved examining the relative magnitude of an orienting response to an auditory stimulus during the occurrence or nonoccurrence of stereotyped body rocking. While no differences were found between periods of rocking and non‐rocking when behavioural measures of orienting were used, smaller changes in post‐tone heart rate were observed during periods of stereotyped rocking. A second intra‐group comparison found that stereotyped behaviour was associated with a significant increase in heart rate but no change in heart rate variability when compared to periods of no stereotyped activity. Finally, using an inter‐group comparison, individuals who displayed stereotyped body rocking exhibited higher tonic heart rates and lower heart rate variability during periods of no stereotyped behaviour than was observed in matched control subjects. This result suggests that stereotyped behaviour may be correlated with reduc

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The prevalences and inter‐relationships of five types of movement disorders were evaluated in a large, developmentally disabled (DD) population (n=1227); prevalence was evaluated with regard to severity, age, gender and antipsychotic‐drug (APD) exposure. Dyskinesia was found in 48% of the sample, dystonia in 29%, akathisia in 13%, Parkinsonism in 3% and paroxysms in 4%. Many persons had more than one symptom so that 72% had one or more of the five target symptoms. Although the five movement‐disorder categories were not mutually exclusive, analysis supported the individuality of the categories as defined in this study. The prevalences of dyskinesia and Parkinsonism were considerably greater than those in the general population. On the other hand, the prevalence of dyskinesia was similar to that reported for psychiatric and institutionalized geriatric populations. Parkinsonism increased with age and male gender, while dyskinesia increased with age and female gender. APD‐exposure was significantly correlated only with ak

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Traditionally, efforts lo improve the quality of residential care for the mentally retarded are focused on modifying particular ward staff behaviours. Several studies suggest, however, that ward staff behaviours are, at least partly, controlled by certain resident behaviours, This study investigated the relationship between resident behaviour and resident directed initiatives by ward staff. Recording occurred on four living groups with 39 residents during 32 weeks on the average for each group. Pearson product‐moment correlations revealed that residents' level of ambulation, waking state, looking behaviours, adaptive‐, maladaptive‐ and stereotype behaviours were related to the amount and quality of resident directed initiatives. The results, suggest that modifying certain resident behavioursmight offer a fruitful strategy for improving residential care for mentallyretarded indivi

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A survey of the drugs given for physical complaints in two mental handicap hospitals is described. Thirty‐six per cent of 537 adults in hospital A and 43% of 944 adults in hospital B received medications and, of those who did, over hall in each hospital received only one drug. The hospital populations differed significantly but both showed a significant increase in total drug usage with increasing age in both sexes, higher among females in every group. This increase was greatest with C.V.S. drug usage, but it did not reach significance for the three most frequently prescribed groups, which were gastrointestinal drugs (to 13% of the total patients), vitamins and nutritional supplements (11%), dermatological (10%) and cardiovascular (10%) drugs. Menial level was significantly indirectly related to usage of gastrointestinal drugs, drugs for anaemia, and vitamins and nutritional supplements, and directly to usage of cardiovascular drug

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sixty‐seven neuroleptic‐medicated mentally handicapped subjects in a hospital were studied to determine the prevalence of Parkinsonian side effects. A Parkinsonism scale was devised and administered. Sixty‐one per cent of the sample had mild to moderately severe side effects. Sex, age, cumulative and current chlorproma‐zine doses, cumulative and current anticholinergic doses and anti‐epileptic medication status did not predict the Parkinsonism scores. Overt brain damage was not a predictor. The difference between the neuroleptic medicated group and neuroleptic free matched controls was highly significant indicating that the Parkinsonian type of movement disorder was related to neuroleptic m

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A severely mentally retarded girl who suffered from grand mal seizures, myoclonic jerking and ataxia died at 18 years of age. Chromosome studies, before and after death revealed a fragile site on chromosome 2q13, the expression of which was greater in peripheral blood than in fibroblasts on two occasions. Post mortem findings did not reveal any abnormality which could be attributed to this fragile site.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A method is described of displaying information about the range of multiple disabilities experienced by individuals who are also mentally handicapped, using the assesments available on a Mental Handicap Register. The presentation, in the graphical form suggested, enables groups to be compared whilst retaining details of an individual's problems.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY