ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCalciphylaxis is a local tissue calcific reaction at the site of an injection of challenger substance given a critical time period after the oral administration of a sensitizer substance such as dihydrotachysterol (DHT), vitamin D or parathormone. Cutaneous calciphylaxis is readily induced in the rat but not in the mouse and this may be because, in the latter, the challenger substance is absorbed rapidly by macrophages. In the rat the administration of 500 ug/0.1 ml of DHT followed after 24 h by the subcutaneous (SC) injection of ferric chloride (FeCl3) (30 ug/0.1 ml) is followed rapidly by calcification of the SC site. There is an early transient acute inflammatory reaction with the incrustation of collagen fibres by the iron salt and an apparent exudation of calcium and phosphate ions from the bloodstream. These ions also become associated with collagen fibres. Two days after injection macrophages and multinucleated giant cells become the dominant cells. Calciphylaxis is a useful experimental model of ectopic calcification and is associated with an initial hypercalcaemia. The diphosphonates ethane‐l‐hydroxy‐1, 1‐diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) are effective inhibitors of the calciphylactic reaction when administered prior to the initiation of the experimental pr

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLocal calcergy is an ectopic calcification reaction (due to hydroxyapatite formation) induced in connective tissue sites by the application of dilute solutions of certain metallic salts (calcergens). The phenomenon is usually produced in the subcutaneous tissues of the experimental animal. The single intra‐articular 66injection of lead acetate (PbAc) solution (a known calcergen) into the knee joint of the rat is followed by opacity of the synovial membrane and para‐articular tissues with the aggregation of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells and the formation of some granulation tissue. This lesion ultimately resolves and there is no cartilaginous degeneration. Repeated intra‐articular injections of PbAc produce pronounced changes in the synovium and para‐articular tissues. There is extensive calcific deposition with exuberant macrophage and giant cell accumulation and fibroblastic proliferation. The proliferated synovial membrance becomes adherent to articular cartilage. There is thinning and fragmentation of the latter with focal loss and replacement by fibrous tissue. Therefore, in contrast the effects of a single injection, repeated calcergenic stimulation of the knee joint is associated with a destructive arth

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnin vivostudy of cartilage breakdown in mice was carried out by implanting living and dead, intact or finely minced autologous cartilage back into newly elicited inflammatory tissue of the original donor. At various time intervals, the implants were removed and their loss of proteoglycan and collagen analysed both histologically and biochemically. The results show that only a modest loss of proteoglycan and collagen occurs in the living intact cartilage. Severe loss of proteoglycan was detected in the minced living and dead intact cartilage. The present findings clearly demonstrate that mechanical damage during the mincing of cartilage predisposes this tissue to attack by various types of mediators known to degrade cartilage.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe enzyme histochemistry of the cells lining and within the marginal and medullary sinuses of twenty human reactive lymph nodes has been studied. The sinuses contain luminal (‘reticular’) cells which are strongly positive for certain hydrolytic enzymes, including acid‐α‐naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase and β‐glucuronidase. In addition, the lining (‘littoral’) cells on both sides of the medullary sinuses are positive for these enzymes. In contrast, enzyme‐containing lining (‘littoral’) cells of the marginal (subcapsular) sinuses are observed only on the inner aspect of the sinuses, the outer aspect being negative. Alkaline phosphatase is not present in the sinusoidal cells but 5′‐nucleotidase is seen in varying amounts. These findings are supported by an ultrastructural study of three of the nodes, using a staining method for esterase activity. The different enzyme histochemical properties of the littoral cells in the marginal and medullary sinuses closely mirrors that observed when, for example, these structures are stained immunohistochem

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe histopathology of the enlarged carotid bodies, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, is described in two cases. One was in a woman of 80 years with systemic hypertension and the other in a man of 72 years with pan‐acinar emphysema complicated by chronic hypoxaemia. In both instances there was generalized hyperplasia of sustentacular cells, perhaps with involvement of Schwann cells and fibrocytes, with superimposed focal proliferation of dark or ‘pyknotic’ variants of chief cells. The functional significance of both forms of tissue response in the carotid bodies is speculated

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of local application of various solutions on leucocyte adherence to the wall of small blood vessels in the microcirculation of the rat mesentery was examined. Leucocyte adhesion was produced by local application of zymosan‐activated complement. Solutions of EDTA, lignocaine and prostacyclin when applied locally cause the release of a high proportion of leucocytes previously firmly adherent to the endothelium of venules and small veins without producing any significant change in the rate of blood flow through the affected vessels. Acetylcholine injected intravenously increases the rate of blood flow through the mesenteric microcirculation several fold but has no apparent effect on pre‐existing leucocyte sticking. The findings suggest that in normal small blood vessels production of prostacyclin by vascular endothelium may inhibit adhesion of leucocytes to the vascular wall. When endothelium is injured local production of prostacyclin may be inhibited sufficiently to permit adhesion of leucocytes to the injured endothelium and so induce the earliest stage in the emigration of leucocytes into the area of injury. Lignocaine may possibly inhibit leucocyte sticking by increasing local production of prostacyclin, but the mode of action of EDTA and many other aspects of the mechanism responsible for leucocyte sticking remain obsc

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman ovaries from different times during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and the post‐menopausal state were examined by immunohistochemistry using an antibody to ligandin. The results showed that antiligandin was localized to those cells producing steroids and probably acts as an intracellular transport protein but may also have an enzyme function in steroidogenesis. In demonstrating this relationship this study has indicated that antiligandin may be of value in the morphologic investigation of ovaries in conditions where there are assumed alterations in steroid productio

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn glucocorticoid‐treated rat thymocytes and the murine lymphoid cell lines L5178 and S49 the morphology of apoptosis is associated with chromatin cleavage. The cleavage is at internucleosomal sites, apparently through activation of an endogenous endonuclease. In variants of the cell lines selected for resistance to glucocorticoid, neither apoptosis nor chromatin cleavage were observed after steroid treatment, and steroid receptors were undetectable. In thymocytes, both the morphological changes of apoptosis and chromatin cleavage were inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The calcium–magnesium ionophore A23187 induced apoptosis and chromatin cleavage in thymocytes, and these effects were also inhibited by cycloheximide. The data confirm that the condensed chromatin which characterizes apoptosis morphologically consists of endogenously digested chromatin fragments. They also provide support for the view that at least some cells enter apoptosis by a process dependent upon macromolecular synthe

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711420112

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY