ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFood consumption is a function of a variety of influences that includes agricultural production, trade, food processing technology, religious taboos, the relative cost of foods, and health concerns. But a particularly powerful factor is income. This article investigates the relationship between total national calorie consumption per capita per day and income, the proportion of all calories derived from livestock products and income, and the proportion of all calories derived from cereals, roots and income. This is done (a) for selected West European countries from c. 1800 to the present and (b) by comparing over 120 nations in 1986–1988. The data suggests calorie consumption per capita and the proportion derived from livestock is positively related to income over time and cross‐sectionally, and that cereals and roots are inversely related to inc

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the course of the 1980s a number of changes took place in the organization of South African cities, leading to the concept of ‘modernizing’ apartheid. Relaxation of laws and the publicized responses to racial integration in a few localities encouraged the concept of a breakdown of residential barriers. However, an examination of the 1991 census suggests not only that segregation levels are remarkably high, but also that they rose in the period between 1985 and 1991. The White population in particular remains highly segregated from the remainder. There is nevertheless a number of significant regional differences, indicating that urban restructuring was not uniform. The late‐apartheid city thus appears little changed from its predec

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn many established industries survival during the 1980s has required productivity improvements, massive job loss and the achievement of new, more ‘flexible’ working conditions. Yet, the search for smaller, more flexible work forces is necessarily an uncertain and contentious process, especially in situations characterized by IN SITU adjustments and entrenched Fordist labour relations. This article focuses on IN SITU restructuring and the search for flexibility in a Fordist labour relations environment, notably the coastal lumber industry of British Columbia, by comparatively analyzing the recent experiences of the Chemainus and Youbou sawmills. The differences in the introduction of new technology reflect the presence of an irreducible local component in labour control which in turn show variations in the strategies of management and labour in imposing and resisting that control. We also note that in contrast to the consistent profitability of the Chemainus mill, at Youbou the failure of management and union to achieve more comprehensive forms of flexibility is a reflection, and cause, of Youbou's marginal

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDespite the rapid rise of tourism as a major international commercial activity and the marked increase in the numbers of tourists visiting the Third World over the last several decades, the pace of publication of academic papers examining the growth and development of the industry in various tropical locations has remained relatively moderate. This article attempts to redress some of this deficiency and to fill a gap in the geographical literature of Third World tourism. An investigation of market fluctuation within the Sri Lankan tourist industry over the last decade, in particular that of the rapid reduction in tourist arrivals during the period of political instability between 1982 and 1989, and the impressive recovery of the tourist market since 1989, is examined. The progress of Sri Lanka's tourist experience over time is assessed in the light of R.W. Butler's (1980) evolutionary model of tourist development. While the early expansionist development of the Sri Lankan tourist industry between the mid‐1960s and early 1980s fits Butler's model fairly closely, the market response of ‘bust and boom’ since 1983 diverges substantially from his theoretical ideas. The case study also demonstrates that tourism need not exercise a wholly negative influence on an economy; but under the right circumstances can be of benefit to Third World countries. An outline is also given of the methods by which Sri Lanka has attempted to keep in check the negative aspects of tourism in order to ensure that tourism is a positive and successful development strategy. In looking to the future, the tourist industry in Sri Lanka appears to have the potential for continued growth and development provided political conditions in the country remain stable. The industry promises to be an important aspect of Sri Lanka's development strategy, if the negative aspects of tourism can be contr

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe black underclass are one population group that has recently experienced a devastating decay of their built environment. This article examines the attitudes and political response of the black underclass to this process. Our focus on Chicago's Near West Side probes resident perceptions of the problem, resident mobilization around political agendas, leader actions at public forums, and levels of institutionalized obstacles to effective leader participation. The results suggest that this population had little opportunity to reverse this decay. Obstacles to controlling neighborhood change were embedded in everyday social life, communicative discourses, community institutional actions, and local government policy. While formal political procedures prevented this group's meaningful public participation, underclass social life ravaged their incentives to participate. We conclude that opening up community development to the black underclass requires restructuring the game's rules and this group's impoverished condition.

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTResearch in the field of language and economy is of international political significance. It is relevant to, for instance, the role that is played by national and minority languages in the process of European unification. This article contains a case study of the mutual relationship between language and economy in Friesland, one of the northern provinces of the Netherlands. An ongoing public debate in Friesland concerns the effects of the Frisian language and the language policy, pursued by the provincial authorities, on the functioning of the regional economy. Possible negative consequences are emphasized in this debate, even though the present literature contains hardly any evidence of such consequences. Little information is available about the position of the Frisian language in trade and industry in Friesland. This is why further research is recommended. Because of the importance of the aspect of image formation in the influence of the Frisian language on the economy, elements from behavioural economic geography will be used.

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The State and the Spatial Management of Industrial Change. D.C. RICH&G.J.R. LINGE, eds.Trading Places: Fashion, Retailers and the Changing Geography of Clothing Production. MICHIEL SCHEFFERRegional Development in the 1990s: the British Isles in Transition. PETER TOWNROE&RON MARTIN, eds.Geopolitics and Geoculture: Essays on the Changing World‐System. IMMANUAL WALLERSTEINBeyond Self‐Help Housing. KOSTA MATH́EYThe Quest for World Environmental Cooperation. The Case of the UN Global Environment Monitoring System. B. GOSOVICFragmenting Societies? A Comparative Analysis of Regional and Urban Development. DAVID C. THORNSPower and Pauperism. The Workhouse System 1834–1884. FELIX DRIVERThe Nuclear Peninsula. F. ZONABENDPublic Space. STEPHEN CARR, MARK FRANCIS, LEANNE RIVLIN&ANDREW STONEDivided Cities: New York and London in the Contemporary World. S. FAINSTEIN, I. GORDAN&M. HARLO

ISSN:0040-747X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.1994.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY