摘要:

SummaryA suspected case of intoxication of a dog by the beta2‐adrenergic agonist albuterol is discussed. Clinical abnormalities observed included hypokalemia, weakness, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, and delirium. Treatment with high‐dose potassium supplementation helped to resolve these abnormalities.Adrenergic control of potassium homeostasis is beta2‐mediated and causes the intracellular uptake of potassium, primarily in liver and muscle. The mechanism of action of albuterol in decreasing serum potassium, its clinical applications in humans, and possible application in dogs are disc

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerum magnesium (Mg) is an infrequnetly measured electrolyte in small animal patients. Currently, little is known about the prevalence and significance of abnormalities in serum Mg in animals. Therefore, a prospective study was performed to examine the incidence and clinical implications of abnormalities in serum Mg levels in critically ill dogs.Serum Mg and other electrolytes were measured in 93 normal dogs housed at the Purina Pet Care Center and in 48 ill dogs admitted to a small animal critical care unit. The normal reference range for canine serum Mg was determined to be 1.89 – 2.51 mg/dl. Based on this range, 54% of the critically ill dogs were hypomagnesemic (2.51 mg/dl). Of the electrolytes measured in these patients, serum Mg had the highest prevalence of abnormal values. Hypomagnesemic patients had a significantly higher incidence of concurrent hypokalemia and hyponatremia (p<0.05), as well as a longer length of hospitalization (p<0.05) than their normomagnesemic counterparts. Hypermagnesemic patients were 2.6 times more likely not to survive their illness when compared to patients with normal serum Mg levels.Abnormalities in serum Mg appear to be common in critically ill dogs. These patients commonly have other concurrent electrolyte abnormalities. Since serum Mg is not routinely measured, the presence of hypokalemia or hyponatremia should alert the clinician to the possibility of coexisting hypomagnesemia. The clinical implications of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in ill dogs appear to involve prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality, respectively: however, the exact etiology remains undetermine

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe usefulness of venous blood in determining the acid‐base status of seriously ill animals has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a useful relationship exists between the acid‐base parameters of central venous and arterial blood in ill dogs.Paired arterial and venous blood samples were obtained from 46 dogs seen in the Critical Care Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Colorado State University irregardless of their hemodynamic status. Cardiopulmonary arrest patients were not included in the study.Results of this study indicate venous blood samples can be used in the assessment of acid‐base status. Statistical significance was seen in comparing arterial versus venous pH (P<0.001), PCO2 (P<0.001), and bicarbonate (P<0.001). Linear regression equations will allow one to predict arterial values from venous sa

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEnd‐tidal monitors for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) have become widely available for clinical use in the last two decades. This non‐invasive technology has been previously evaluated in anesthetized veterinary patients, but its accuracy has not been assessed in critical patients. We investigated the usefulness and limits of end‐tidal CO2monitoring in two populations of critical small animal patients: spontaneously breathing dogs and mechanically ventilated patients with healthy and damaged lungs. In analyzing samples from 43 spontaneously breathing dogs and 34 ventilated patients (28 dogs and six cats), the end‐tidal CO2was generally lower than pCO2. The predictive value for hypoventilation was excellent in both populations (100%). The linear correlation of the end‐tidal CO2and arterial pCO2in non‐panting dogs with healthy lungs was 0.84 (p<0.0001), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference was ± 3.2 mm Hg. However, the measures were uncorrelated in panting dogs (r=0.37, p=0.27), and the 95% CI was ± 13.37 mm Hg. Furthermore, where multiple samples could be obtained in individual patients, the r values and differences of end‐tidal compared to arterial pCO2varied unpredictably. These variations did not appear to be predicted by patient factors such as lung disease. We conclude that the end‐tidal CO2monitor is clinically useful for detecting hypoventilation and monitoring apnea, but it should be supplemented with arterial pCO2determinations if it is important to obtain accu

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY