摘要:

This is the third and final compendium of papers on the Abitibi-Grenville Lithoprobe transect. Much of the focus is on the Grenville Province, complementing the previous compendia which focussed on the Abitibi subprovince. There are, however, papers on the Abitibi subprovince concerning detailed gravity studies, granitoid geochemistry, and fluid evolution. The evolution of the Grenvillian orogen is examined in a series of papers combining observations from seismic studies, isotopic characteristics, geochronology, petrology, and structural geology. There are papers discussing the heat flux, teleseismic attributes, and electromagnetic characteristics across the entire region of the Lithoprobe transect, and an overview of Lithoprobe studies of the Sudbury region. A synthesis paper contrasts the Archean tectonic evolution of the Abitibi subprovince with the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Grenville Province.

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e00-016

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Nine new U-Pb ages are reported for plutons of the central granite-gneiss zone of the Abitibi belt in Quebec. The large plutonic complex along Lithoprobe seismic reflection line 28 formed by multiple intrusion over at least 40 million years, synchronous with and postdating formation of adjacent volcanic sequences. Ages for the four principal plutons within the complex are: Mistaouac at 2726 ± 2 Ma, Boivin at 2713 ± 2 Ma, Rousseau at 2703 ± 2 Ma, and Paradis at 2686 ± 2 Ma. The latter also constrains deformation within the Laberge deformation zone to be at least in part younger than 2686 Ma. Inherited zircons in the Mistaouac pluton indicate that the oldest pluton formed in significantly older crust (>2.75 Ga), not presently exposed in the area. The La Reine and Waswanapi plutons have ages of ca. 2695 Ma similar to other tonalitic plutons in the area and elsewhere in the Abitibi belt. A syenite pluton deformed within the Douay fault zone, a late fault associated with the Casa Berardi zone, has an age of 2676+6-5Ma, similar to alkalic plutons associated with the Destor-Porcupine and Cadillac-Larder Lake deformation zones of the southern Abitibi belt. Two samples from the Lac Case pluton yielded monazite ages of 2676 ± 3 and 2660 ± 3 Ma. Nd, Pb, and Sr isotopic compositions for central Abitibi belt plutons show dominantly juvenile sources with minor contributions of older crust in the Lac Case pluton. Although geochronological data for volcanic rocks has been used to suggest that the northern zone is older and magmatic activity youngs to the south, consideration of the ages for plutonic and volcanic rocks does not support such hypothesis. The available data indicate that magmatism occurred throughout the Abitibi subprovince from 2730 to 2685 Ma, permissive of a linked tectono-magmatic evolution for the northern and southern zones.

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-093

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Models for fluid flow and hydrothermal alteration for the Abitibi greenstone belt are reviewed in the light of Lithoprobe results in the region. In the Abitibi greenstone belt, eruption of volcanic sequences over 2750-2700 Ma was accompanied by pervasive low-temperature hydrothermal alteration at high water/rock ratios, giving systematic18O-enrichment. Archean ambient ocean water bottom temperatures were likely ca. 30°C, and &dgr;18O ~0 ± 1‰. Chert-iron formations precipitated from low temperature hydrothermal discharge. Base metal massive sulphide deposits formed at or near the seafloor from focussed discharge of high-temperature (~300-400°C) fluids in convective cells sited above subvolcanic intrusions. The ore fluids were evolved seawater that had undergone compositional and isotopic evolution by high-temperature, low water/rock exchange with the volcanic pile to NaCl (3-7 wt.%) or CaCl2-NaCl (up to 30 wt.%) brines of &dgr;18O = 0-8‰. These volcanic associated hydrothermal deposits are associated with greenstone belt asemblages in the northern Abitibi subprovince that were emplaced as a series of thrust slices over the Opatica plutonic belt. In the southern Abitibi subprovince the hydrothermal deposits were associated with a series of rift basins (Noranda, Val d'Or, etc.), formed on top of accreted oceanic assemblages comprising primitive arcs and plateaus, or in protoarcs, and associated with oblique convergence. Contemporaneous erosion of emergent arcs and the older cratonic provenance terrane of the Pontiac subprovince by orographic rainfall, and submarine weathering, fed first-cycle vol cano genic sediments to depositional basins in the Abitibi, but siliciclastic sediments of mixed old 3 Ga continent and 2.7 Ga arc provenance in the Pontiac subprovince. Abitibi subprovince turbidites were more weathered and18O-enriched than Pontiac subprovince equivalents. Subduction-accretion assembly of the Opatica-Abitibi and Pontiac terranes involved allochthonous thrusting of the Abitibi subprovince over the Pontiac subprovince. There were several pulses of granitoid magmatism during accretionary assembly over 2695 to 2674 Ma. Syn- to late-tectonic tonalites were generated by melting of hot young hydrous ocean crust in a shallow-dipping intraoceanic subduction zone. The intrusions exsolved small quantities of magmatic fluids that formed Cu-Zn showings. Late-tectonic shoshonites formed at80 km in subarc mantle wedge by slab dehydration-wedge melting. This late-stage of arc development involved transfer of significant quantities of gas-rich alkaline magmas 80+ km through the lithosphere along the accretionary terrane bounding structures, and produced small phosphorus and barite deposits. Synmagmatic metamorphism was of the high-temperature low-pressure type, and occurred in several pulses; water/rock ratios were generally low distal from structures. Tens of thousands of cubic kilometres of fluids generated by dehydration reactions at the base of the subduction-accretion complex, during thermal relaxation following collision and the main granitoid pulses, advected up terrane boundary structures and locally generated lode gold deposits. At the highest structural levels these fluids mixed with Archean meteoric water where &dgr;18O < 0. A second metamorphism (M2) occurred over 2645 to 2611 Ma leading to melting of Pontiac sediments and formation of S-type granites. Deposits of Mo, Th, and P were precipitated from magmatic fluids of &dgr;18O 8-9‰. M2 variably reset radiogenic and stable isotope systems in nonrobust minerals of vol canogenic massive sulphide and lode gold deposits. Hypersaline CaCl2formation brines evolved in Paleoproterozoic glaciogenic sediments; these penetrated into the Archean basement where they redistributed gold and are pervasively present as low-temperature secondary brine inclusions. The Matachewan (2.5 Ga) and Hearst dyke swarms drove higher temperature advection of the brines, and Ag-Co-Ni sulpharsenide deposits formed by thermal evolution of the brines driven by the Nipissing diabase dyke swarm at ~2219 Ma. Local resetting of40Ar/39Ar spectra between 2550 and 2200 Ma was the product of tectonic pumping of fluids along reactivated Archean structures, possibly due to coupling of the 200 km thick mantle lithosphere to Archean crust. Seismic evidence for late overprinting of the lower crust and growth of 2450 Ma zircon rims in lower crustal assemblages were associated with this event. There was also fluid activity at 1950 to 1850 Ma due to the Hudsonian orogen induced Kapuskasing event. Hypersaline CaCl2-rich brines formed in the Paleozoic sedimentary cover (~500 Ma), penetrated deep (>5 km) into the Archean basement, and comprise vast reservoirs of hypersaline brines deep in the Shield. The brines precipitated prehnite-laumontite veins that record hundreds of increments of dilation. Subglacial18O-depleted fluids penetrated to shallow (1 km) depths in the Quaternary; they form mixing lines with the hypersaline end member. Extremely D-depleted (-400 to -100‰) CH4and H discharge in mining districts of the Shield. The depleted H may form by radiolysis of H2O and (or) by a Fischer-Tropsch type process. The hypersaline brine end-member was shifted to the left of the meteoric water line by exchange with D-deple

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-098

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Ninety-eight new Nd-isotope analyses are presented for gneissic rocks from the Grenville Province. When combined with over 250 published Nd analyses and some unpublished analyses, these data can be used to establish a first-order crustal formation age map for most of the Grenville parautochthon and allochthonous polycyclic belt. In particular, the geographic extents of a juvenile Labradorian arc (Labradoria) and a juvenile 1.5 Ga arc (Quebecia) are defined, each with an area probably in excess of 100 000 km2. In addition, pre-1.75 Ga arcs are identified in Ontario (Barilia) and Labrador (Makkovikia). This work largely fills the last major gap in the continent-wide crustal formation age map of the Precambrian Shield of North America.

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-039

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A schematic crustal cross-section is presented for the southwestern Grenville Province based on reprocessed Lithoprobe near-vertical incidence seismic reflection data and compiled seismic refraction - wide-angle velocity models interpreted with geological constraints. The schematic crustal architecture of the southwest Grenville Province from southeast to northwest comprises allochthonous crustal elements (Frontenac-Adirondack Belt and Composite Arc Belt) that were assembled prior to ca. 1160 Ma, and then deformed and transported northwest over reworked rocks of pre-Grenvillian Laurentia and the Laurentian margin primarily between 1120 and 980 Ma. Reworked pre-Grenvillian Laurentia and Laurentian margin rocks are interpreted to extend at least 350 km southeast of the Grenville Front beneath all of the Composite Arc Belt. Three major structural boundary zones (the Grenville Front and adjacent Grenville Front Tectonic Zone, the Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary thrust zone, and the Elzevir-Frontenac boundary zone) have been identified across the region of the cross-section based on their prominent geophysical signatures comprising broad zones of southeast-dipping reflections and shallowing of mid-crustal velocity contours by 12-15 km. The structural boundary zones accommodated southeast over northwest crustal stacking at successively earlier times during orogeny (ca. 1010-980 Ma, 1080-1060 Ma, and 1170-1160 Ma, respectively). These shear zones root within an interpreted gently southeast-dipping regional décollement at a depth of 25-30 km corresponding to the top of a high-velocity lower crustal layer

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-094

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Revised cross sections of the western Grenville Province incorporate new geologic results and reprocessed seismic reflection data. The geology is presented in terms of three tectonic elements: (1) "pre-Grenvillian Laurentia and its margin" with ca. 1740 and 1450 Ma continental arc plutons and associated supracrustal rocks; (2) "Composite Arc Belt" of allochthonous ~1300-1250 Ma volcanic arcs and sedimentary rocks; and (3) "Frontenac-Adirondack Belt" characterized by supracrustal and granitoid rocks, and anorthosites, of uncertain affinity, that may represent a distinctive part of the Composite Arc Belt or an offshore (micro)continent. Rocks of the Composite Arc and Frontenac-Adirondack belts were amalgamated with each other by ca. 1160 Ma, were then thrust over Laurentia during ca. 1080-1035 Ma and ca. 1010-980 Ma phases of convergence, and were dissected and exhumed by <1040 Ma normal faults. Penetrative deformation was restricted to that part of the pre-Grenvillian Laurentian margin that lies to the southeast of the Grenville front and parts of the accreted Composite Arc and Frontenac-Adirondack belts. The Laurentian rocks in the Grenville Province are bounded to the northwest and southeast by southeast-dipping ductile thrust and (or) normal shear zones. The Composite Arc and Frontenac-Adirondack belts to the southeast are bounded by ductile and brittle-ductile thrust and (or) normal faults that separate domains with contrasting cooling histories. Despite a long pre-Grenvillian tectonic and plutonic history, the present crustal architecture and much of the seismic reflectivity were acquired during 1080-980 Ma phases of compression and extension.

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-074

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The Central Gneiss Belt, southwestern Grenville Province, is characterized by parautochthonous crust in the north and allochthonous lithotectonic domains in the south. Despite nearly two decades of study, the basal décollement to allochthonous domains transported from the southeast, known as the allochthon boundary thrust, has not been precisely located throughout much of the belt. Between Lake Nipissing and Georgian Bay where its surface trace is known, it separates 1.24 Ga Sudbury metadiabase in the footwall from eclogite remnants and 1.17-1.15 Ga coronitic olivine metagabbro confined to its hanging wall. On the premise that this relationship can be used to trace the allochthon boundary thrust elsewhere in the Central Gneiss Belt, we have sought to extend the known distribution of these mafic rock types, making use of field, petrographic, and geochemical criteria to identify them. New occurrences of all three mafic types are identified in a region extending from south of Lake Nipissing to western Quebec, and the mutually exclusive pattern of occurrence is maintained within this region. Structural trends and reconnaissance mapping of high-strain zones that appear to represent a structural barrier to the mafic suites suggest that the allochthon boundary thrust lies well to the north of its previously suggested location. Our preferred surface trace for it passes around the southern end of the Powassan batholith and through the town of North Bay before turning east to join up with the Lac Watson shear zone in western Quebec. This suggests that a large segment of "parautochthonous" crust lying north of, and including, the Algonquin domain is in fact allochthonous. The mutually exclusive distribution of the mafic suites points to significant separation of allochthonous and parautochthonous components prior to the Grenvillian orogeny, in accord with models of pre-Grenvillian continental rifting proposed by others. Despite a relative abundance of geological and geochronological data for the Central Gneiss Belt and a mafic rock distribution that appears to successfully locate a major tectonic boundary, we emphasize the need for additional field and laboratory work aimed at testing our structural model

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e98-099

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Information derived from regional geology, styles of magma emplacement, xenoliths, and western Grenville Lithoprobe reflectors is integrated to model the architecture of the Central Metasedimentary Belt in Quebec. The belt comprises a thin-skinned western marble domain that projects structurally to the east above a quartzite domain; both domains are underlain by a series of gneiss domes. In contrast, the seismic reflectors dip systematically to the east. They stem from exposed high-strain zones and tectonic boundaries hosting concordant, 1.7-1.16 Ga, postmetamorphic sheetlike plutons. Though discontinuous, the reflectors reach highly reflective crust segments near the Moho. The reflections are interpreted as series of plutons positioning crustal-scale structures rooted in underplated, felsic, and mafic magmas reservoirs. These structures served as magma conduits and ponding sites. The nonreflective segments of the inferred structures are interpreted as through-going pathways for magmas in gneissose crust. Based on the thousands of felsic to ultramafic xenoliths brought up by a 1.07 Ga minette dyke, the nature of the intermediate and lower crust is interpreted as interleaving of nonexposed quartzite-bearing supracrustal assemblages with mylonites, gneisses, and a series of mafic to ultramafic intrusive bodies, many of them inferred to be underplated material. In western Quebec, crustal growth along the pre-Grenvillian Laurentian margin involved pre-1.2 Ga stacking of allochthons including nonexposed metasedimentary and intrusive components during an early stage of Grenvillian collision. Subsequent, 1.7-1.6 Ga magma emplacement along high-strain zones shaped much of the seismic reflectivity of the belt.

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-121

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The Chevreuil intrusive suite (1.17-1.16 Ga) represents a chronological field marker of regional extent that intruded the Central Metasedimentary Belt in the western Grenville Province of Quebec after peak metamorphism. Style and site of magma emplacement, and extent of deformation of Chevreuil plutons and dykes permit unravelling of the early Grenvillian evolution of the belt with respect to cratonal North America. The suite comprises a series of vertically layered gabbro stocks and monzonite-diorite-gabbro sheet intrusions, and a swarm of microdiorite dykes that cut across gneisses. The dykes display systematic variations in extent of deformation across the belt. We targeted U-Pb geochronology on gneisses within the identified strain windows; they preserve the record of a ca. 1.20 Ga high pressure-temperature (P-T) metamorphic event. The sheet intrusions define magmatic corridors all along, and concordant with, the western, northern, and eastern tectonic boundaries of the belt. The concordant and elongate shape of these bodies results from emplacement, not deformation. Chevreuil magmas thus sealed the belt boundaries largely in their current positions, with the implication that docking of Elzevirian and pre-Elzevirian terranes with cratonal North America predates 1.17 Ga. We interpret the 1.20 Ga metamorphism as evidence for the initiation of Grenvillian continent-continent collision during the culmination of the Elzevirian orogeny at ca. 1.22 Ga. Emplacement-related fabrics indicate that the Chevreuil suite and the coeval Morin anorthosite suite intruded during renewed orogenesis. This orogenic pulse (Shawinigan) is not accretionary, but represents a strongly partitioned, compressive, intraplate reactivation event.

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e00-004

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A survey of troctolite-anorthosite complexes along the Manicouagan corridor of the Abitibi-Grenville Lithoprobe transect reveals the existence of two distinct crystallization sequences in their cumulate rocks. In two intrusions (Brien and Raudot), olivine crystallized first, followed by plagioclase, Fe-oxides, and then clinopyroxene; and magmatic orthopyroxene is absent. In five other intrusions (Lucie, Tétépisca, Blache, Baie-Comeau, and Pentecôte), plagioclase and olivine are followed by orthopyroxene, and then clinopyroxene. These two distinct crystallization sequences correlate with compositional differences in gabbroic marginal rocks and dykes associated with the intrusions. The Raudot intrusion exhibits a fine-grained gabbroic margin that is Fe- and Al-rich, but Si-poor and nepheline normative. In contrast, the marginal rocks of the Blache, Baie-Comeau, and Pentecôte intrusions are typically gabbronorites that are poorer in Fe and richer in Si. Dyke rocks cutting this latter group of intrusions share these compositional characteristics and are typically orthopyroxene normative. The differences between the two types of intrusions appear to reflect the degree of Si-saturation of their parental magmas with respect to the troctolite divide. Together, the array of estimated parental magma compositions of the troctolite-anorthosite intrusions mimics that of Tertiary picritic magmas. The low forsterite (Fo) contents in olivine and the late appearance of clinopyroxene in the cumulates of the intrusions may reflect the interaction of mantle-derived parental magmas with relatively juvenile feldspathic cr

ISSN:0008-4077    

DOI:10.1139/e99-071

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:2000

数据来源: NRC