摘要:

AbstractFrom time series of closely‐spaced upper‐wind (pilot‐balloon) measurements in the rear of synoptic lines of wind shift and cooling, the configuration of the elevated wind‐shear layer and the strength of the flow beneath are deduced. The height of the shear layer does not rise uniformly with time, but at one stage remains constant or decreases, before resuming a sustained rise. It is demonstrated by the method of dynamic similarity that this phenomenon is broadly the counterpart of the friction head on density surges in stratified liquids.Cumulative inflow into the advancing wedge of cold air is compared with the total mass in the cold air wedge and found to be generally in excess of this, the exceptions occurring with sea‐breezes or analogous phenomena on a larger scale (coastal fronts). In one case where sufficient observations are available, vertical velocities are computed. The excess inflow is shown to be associated with a vertical circulation involving considerable mass transfer upward across the s

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435902

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA description is given of instruments which have been designed and used to measure gustiness, in the form of inclination and total speed of the wind, from a position on the cable of a captive balloon. A lightweight wind vane with automatic compensation for tethering cable angle, and a sensitive vane airmeter are used as sensing heads. The data, with reference signals, are relayed by electric cable to ground level and recorded on multi‐channel recorders. Both instruments have good response to wind fluctuations with periods down to one second.A brief account is given of some observations made at Cardington, Beds., and some examples are presented of records made at 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 ft in contrasting meteorological condition

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435903

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe solution obtained by perturbation theory for the airflow over a ridge depends on the mathematical conditions imposed at the upper boundary of the region for which a solution is obtained. New arguments are developed as to the choice of upper‐boundary condition appropriate to the atmospheric problem; these lead to the solution already adopted by Queney (1947).In certain airstreams it is possible for lee waves to have their largest amplitude in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The character of the airstream at high levels plays a dominant part in determining the characteristics of these waves, but it has only negligible effects on the more familiar type of lee wave which has its largest amplitude in the lower tropospher

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435904

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWavelengths and variation of wave amplitude with height are computed for 19 airstreams in which lee waves have been observed. Comparison between the computed and observed wavelengths suggests that the tropospheric flow is sufficiently independent of conditions in the stratosphere to allow reasonable latitude in making a boundary assumption at some high level.

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435905

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mechanism of SO2oxidation in diluted catalytic solutions was studied. It was found that the oxidation stops after a certain pH value is reached. In the same catalytic solutions, the maximum possible SO4−formation is a linear function of the SO2partial pressure in the air.This mechanism of SO4−formation can account for observed SO4−concentrations in rain, fog, and smog only if some neutralizing cations in the aerosols or traces of NH3in the air are present. It is shown that in the latter case the system SO2NH3‐catalytic solution can explain the main features of SO4−formation in our

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435906

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between total solar radiation on a horizontal surface (Q), as measured by a pyranometer, and hours of bright sunshine (n), as measured by a Campbell‐Stokes recorder, has been examined and it is shown that there is little practical gain in weighting the hourly sunshine records by the sine of the apparent solar altitude.In the non‐dimensional equation\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Q/Q_A = a + b\,n/N $$\end{document}values ofaandbderived from daily records are shown to vary widely from month to month but their distribution appears to be substantially normal. Actual mean values ofaandb, for a five‐year period (1938–1943) at Kabete, Kenya (altitude 6,000 ft) differed slightly but non‐significantly according to the length of period in which the data were grouped, the slope of the equation increasing with increased smoothing.The sum ofaandbhas been shown to be approximately constant (≃ 0·82) at Kabete, where the optical air mass varies little throughout the year. For checking the consistency of the data from various parts of the world, it is essential to reduce the differing apparent transmission coefficients to standard measure. In practice, a simple correction to optical air‐mass unity has proved adequate for the records available a

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435907

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome measurements of the height of the smoke downwind from a 40 kw heat source under conditions of light wind are presented. The results are compared with Priestley's and Sutton's theories. A general non‐dimensional solution of Sutton's equation is developed which can be applied to bent plumes on any scal

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435908

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLong waves of period greater than 1/2 min are recorded at Newlyn, Cornwall. There are two predominant types; one with a period of approximately 12 min and another with a period of 30 to 40 min. This investigation deals only with the longer‐period type and is concerned with the eight instances during the period Mar. 1956 to Mar. 1957 where these longer waves exceeded 7 in. in amplitude.The occurrence of these waves appears to be associated with the passage of meteorological fronts and a reasonable correlation is found between the amplitude and the northward component of the frontal velocity whilst the duration of the wave activity appears to decrease as the easterly component of the frontal velocity increases.Various suggestions regarding the nature of these waves are considered. The evidence that they are edge waves is not very convincing and the most likely explanation appears to be that the waves are due to the oscillation of Mounts Bay as a whole, or of the north‐western part of

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435909

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435910

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49708435911

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY