ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

KURTZMAN, C. P., 1989. Impact of nucleic acid comparisons on systematic mycology.The use of molecular techniques for taxonomic purposes is reviewed and their importance pointed out. The result will be a more realistic classification system and a more thorough understanding of genetic mechanisms that will impact the control of plant and animal diseases and the development of more efficient industrial fermentations.

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BRIDGE, P. D.&HUDSON, L., 1989. Use of continuous flow microfluorimetry for DNA determinations in Penicillium. Continuous flow microfluorimetry has been used to characterize spore suspensions of fasciculate strains ofPenicillium.Fluorescent Feulgen staining combined with appropriate filters allows the measurement of conidial DNA content in samples of 10 000 conidia in 30 seconds. The results obtained for apparently closely related strains and single conidium isolates of the same strains showed significant differences which appear to correspond with phenotypic differences. Some implications of, and possible explanations for, this phenomenon are discussed.

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

PUNITHALINGAM, E., 1989. Techniques for staining fungal nuclei and appendages. The use of HCl‐Giemsa stain for staining nuclei and a modified Leifson's flagellum staining technique for staining appendages in Coelomycetes has produced useful information which could further our knowledge of fungi and help to reappraise earlier concept

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

POLONELLI, L.&MORACE, G., 1989. Serological potential for fungal identification. Specific antigens are valuable for the identification of fungal cultures. Early attempts to immunoidentify fungi were hampered by heterogeneity of antigens, antibody preparations and use of improper serological procedures. In recent years, the double diffusion exoantigcn technique has proved to be the most effective method for immunological identification of mycelial fungus cultures. Additional advances in perfecting methods occurred with the adoption of improved reference antisera obtained either through absorption or by immunizing animals with selected immunoelectrophoretic arcs or precipitin bands (reference antigens). Preliminary studies have shown that serodiagnostically important antigens may be used for accurately and rapidly identifying hyaline as well as dematiaceous fungi. Agglutination techniques consisting oflatex particles sensitized with rabbit anti‐Cryptococcus neoformansglobulin orCandidamonospecific antisera permit the detection of specific yeast antigens in a few minutes. In spite of the great success obtained with the antigen test methods, some limitations in these procedures are apparent. The major problem derives from the occurrence of extensive cross reactions among congeneric species.Hybridoma technology permits the production of uniform and standardized antisera (monoclonal antibodies) reacting with species‐specific or strain‐specific antigenic determinants (Western blotting technique) and the availability of functional pure epitopes (affinity chromatography). The current value and limitations as well as further avenues for the advance of the different procedures are rep

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RAST, D. M.&PFYFFER, G. E., 1989. Acyclic polyols and higher taxa of fungi. Acyclic polyols (sugar alcohols), widely distributed within the fungi, are the fungal secondary metabolites (in the sense of non‐ubiquitous constituents) studied most extensively and appear to be physiologically important. An account is given of the systematic distribution of polyols within the Eumycota, and the influence of (1) the carbohydrate nutrient source, (2) the stage of development and (3) the growth form on the polyol pattern in fungi, to obtain additional insights into species constancy is considered. Delimitation of groups based on polyol characters (P, three states: P0,polyols absent; P1,polyols, except mannitol, present; P2, mannitol (and other polyols) present) yields chemotaxa that coincide with Oomycetes (P0,.), Zygo‐and Hemiascomycetes (P1), and an assemblage of taxa that consists of Chytridiomycetes, Euascomycetes, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina (all P2) with the conspicuous exception of some of the imperfect yeasts (P1). Hence, polyol characters appear to be extremely conservative and, therefore, lend themselves to use as markers for the assignment to conventional taxa of species with doubtful systematic affinity. Considering other biochemical features, as well as the model‐testing of the classification systems followed inAinsworth&Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi(6th and 7th editions) with the P‐macrochemotaxa established here, recommendations are made to change the rank of some higher taxa, so as to render them homogeneous with respect to the P0,., P1and P2character states. The proposals relate to Mastigomycotina, Blastomyceles and Endomycetales and are, in principle, realized already in some other classification

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

MOORE, R. T., 1989. Alicean taxonomy–small characters made large. The examination of fungal cytology using electron microscopy is detailed, using examples from the major taxonomic groups. In the higher fungi, differences in the ultrastructure of ascomycete and basidiomycete septa, and within the latter group, those of the Basidiomycota and Ustomycota, are discusse

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

FRISVAD, J. C, 1989. The use of high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection in fungal chemotaxonomy based on profiles of secondary metabolites. Fungal chemotaxonomy (that part dealing with secondary metabolites) has often been based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) and visual or UV inspection of separated spots, before and after different chemical treatments. The identity of a small proportion of the spots can be suggested based on known internal and external standards. In most chemotaxonomical studies it is impossible to isolate, purify and identify all secondary metabolites produced, due to restraints of time and resources. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of fungal extracts may have some advantages over TLC, but the problems mentioned above remain. These problems have been approached by using an alkylphenone retention time index in a reversed phase HPLC system combined with the use of a diode array UV‐VIS detector. High performance thin layer chromatography is used for further confirmation of identity of the secondary metabolites. A particular advantage of this method is that the number of biosynthetic families or groups (‘chemosyndromes’) can be detected, as biosynthetically related metabolites usually have the same chromophores and UV‐VIS spectra. Results obtained fromPenicillium, AspergillusandFusanumspecies have shown that each species produces 5 to 15 different biosynthetic families of secondaiy metabolites, indicating that good chromatography data may be sufficient to identify species in the three genera. The use of the technique is exemplified by data onAspergillusandTalaromyc

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00386a.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY