摘要:

ABSTRACTA prospective, randomized, double-masked, and placebo controlled study was performed to examine the effects of topically applied mitomycin on the success of full thickness filtration surgery in 23 rabbits. Both eyes of each rabbit had surgery by the same surgeon. After surgery, the experimental eye received a single subconjunctival injection of mitomycin (0.2 mg), and 50 microliters of a 0.2 mg/cc solution of mitomycin topically four time daily. The fellow control eyes were treated with sterile water. The mean intraocular pressure reduction from baseline exhibited by the experimental eyes was greater than that observed for the control eyes. The difference in intraocular pressure reduction between the two groups was statistically significant from postoperative day three through day 21 (p<.05). With survival analysis, fewer failures were noted in the experimental eyes compared to control eyes for each time period throughout the study (p<.005). The experimental eyes also demonstrated a longer time to bleb failure although this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p<.10). An additional five rabbits were treated with the experimental drop in one eye and sterile water in the fellow eye but underwent no surgery. No differences between eyes were noted with regard to intraocular pressure change or anterior segment pathology. These data demonstrated the efficacy of mitomycin in promoting filtration surgical success in rabbits.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.1

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe primary cause of failure in glaucoma filtration surgery is fibroblastic proliferation and subconjunctival fibrosis at the bleb site resulting in decreased aqueous flow. We evaluated New Zealand white rabbits in a masked, placebo controlled pilot study to determine the potential reduction of episcleral fibrosis at the surgical bleb site utilizing 0.3 mis of: balanced salt solution (n=11); an Inert gel delivery vehicle (n=13); the gel delivery vehicle with incorporated recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tpa; n=14),1 mg/ml. Statistical analysis of computer assisted area measurements from multiple histologic sections demonstrated a significant decrease in episcleral fibrosis in the t-PA group as compared to the two other groups (p<0.05). Results from the t-PA group did not demonstrate an effect on intraocular pressure. There was no clinical evidence of toxicity or healing complications in the t-PA group.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.9

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty patients with newly diagnosed chronic open angle glaucoma were initially treated with once daily oral Nadolol at a dose of 20 mg. This was increased to 40 mg where control was considered inadequate. Topical therapy was then added as necessary if control was still not maintained.Significant decreases in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) were achieved with a dose of 20 mg, but there was no significant further reduction when the dose was increased to 40 mg. One patient was controlled throughout the study period with 40 mg Nadolol daily and 4% Pilocarpine four times daily. At best, only temporary control was achieved in the remaining 29 patients.Intra-ocular pressures were measured 24 hours after the previous dose of Nadolol in 13 patients who were controlled for a minimum of 1 month on Nadolol alone and then again 3 hours after their normal dose. Control of IOP was lost in all patients at 24 hours pre-dose but was regained by 3 hours post-dose. Four patients were withdrawn because of mild side effects attributable to the beta-blocking action of Nadolol.The treatment regime used in this study was ineffective at controlling the IOP in the group of patients studied. A once daily regime of Nadolol does not control IOP over a full 24 hours.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.21

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTInhibition of rabbit subconjunctival fibroblast attachment and proliferation by the antimetabolites 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) was determined by radionucleotide uptake, cell counting, and colorimetric assays for the concentration range of 1000 to 0.0001 μg/ml over an 11-day period. The mean 50% inhibitory doses (ID50S) against proliferation were calculated for each assay. Rabbit fibroblast attachment was not inhibited at any drug concentration by either 5-FU or ara-C. Ara-C was a 10 to100 times more potent inhibitor of rabbit fibroblast proliferation than 5-FU. The mean ID50s for rabbit subconjunctival fibroblasts were compared with the mean ID50S from a similar series of experiments conducted in our laboratory on human subconjunctival fibroblasts. Unpaired t-test analysis showed a significant difference between the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on rabbit and human fibroblast proliferation. An ID50against rabbit fibroblasts was detectable after 24 hours of incubation with 5-FU by the3H-thymidine uptake assay, whereas the ID50against human fibroblasts was detectable after 48 hours of incubation. Once inhibition of proliferation occurred, however, human fibroblasts were up to six times more sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of 5-FU than rabbit fibroblasts as measured by the3H-thymidine uptake assay (p = 0.0005). Unpaired t-test analysis showed no statistical difference between the ID50S of ara-C on rabbit and human fibroblasts. Starting on day 3, however, doses greater than 1 μ9/ml of ara-C were cytotoxic to rabbit fibroblasts but only cytostatic to human fibroblasts as determined by trypan blue uptake assay microscopically. Rabbit ocular fibroblasts may be useful in modelling the proliferation of human ocular fibroblastsin vitroto a limited degree. This tissue culture system may be useful for predicting optimal drug dosages forin vivorabbit and human glaucoma filtering surger

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.27

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the mammalian eye remains unclear, although alterations in the concentrations of various pathway components can influence intraocular pressure and the electroretinogram. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) has been localized to ocular tissues and fluids. Aqueous humor and serum values of ACE are increased in sarcoid uveitis patients. We used the dog to simultaneously examine the effects of a topically administered ACE inhibitor on the intraocular pressure (IOP), on components of the renin-angiotensin pathway in the serum and aqueous humor, and to monitor any systemic effects of the ACE inhibitor. The novel ACE inhibitor, SCH 33861 (Schering Corporation), decreased IOP in amounts similar to timolol when applied topically to the canine eye. Serum ACE values significantly decreased in SCH 33861 treated dogs, while aqueous ACE values were only slightly decreased. A decrease in heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in these dogs during the treatment period indicated probable systemic absorption. Normal values of aqueous humor and serum angiotensin-I were established for the dog. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin-I values were not significantly changed for any of the treatment groups. Topical application of SCH 33861 to the canine eye is a useful model to further evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the eye.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.41

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of topically administered sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA) on the healing of corneal epithelial defect was investigated using rabbit eyes. The corneal epithelium was removed surgically or with iodine vapor or n-heptanol, and saline was administered to one eye as the control, and 0.1% or 0.25% Na-HA with a molecular weight of 87.3 × 104to the other eye once daily. The area of epithelial defect was measured once daily before a topical administration, and the healing rate of epithelial defect was calculated.When the corneal epithelium was removed with iodine vapor, a topical administration of 0.1% or 0.25% Na-HA did not significantly accelerate the epithelial healing. But when removed surgically or with n-heptanol, the healing rates of the corneas treated with 0.25% Na-HA significantly exceeded those of the control eyes. When the epithelium was removed surgically, treatment with 0.1% Na-HA also significantly accelerated the healing.To determine why the effect of Na-HA differed in these three models with the epithelial defect, the amount of fibronectin (FN) produced by the cornea with epithelial defect and that of Na-HA retained on the cornea were investigated. The amount of FN produced was determined from the concentration of FN in the medium obtained after incubation of the corneo-scleral section with corneal epithelial defect, and the amount of Na-HA retained on that cornea was estimated from radioactivity detected in tears and cornea after a topical administration of14C-labeled Na-HA (14C-Na-HA). The corneo-scleral section whose corneal epithelium had been removed surgically, or with n-heptanol, produced a significantly larger amount of FN than that whose corneal epithelium had been removed with iodine vapor. In addition, the amount of14C-Na-HA retained on the cornea of the first or second model also significantly exceeded that on the cornea of the third model.The topical administration of Na-HA would thus appear to accelerate the healing of the epithelial defect producing a larger amount of FN or retaining a larger amount of Na-HA

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.53

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTMyopia is a prevalent condition threatening vision in half or more of the individuals in some subpopulations and at some ages. The etiology is unknown. It is not even clear whether myopia has several possible causes or only one, whether the condition is inherited or acquired. Suggested counter measures have ranged from behavior modification during the growing years through various medications, to surgical intervention. It is suggested that answers to these questions must lie in research exploring how the eye develops, how it serves its owner. A common finding in most cases of myopia is that the eyeball is too long axially, thus the image from a distant object comes to sharp focus in front of, rather than at, the retina. Accommodation increases the refractive power of the eye and is counterproductive in a myope. Nonetheless, one suggested treatment has been to suppress accommodation by paralyzing the ciliary muscles. Another theory suggests that high intraocular pressure causes eye enlargement, thus the anti-glaucoma drugs have sometimes been recommended. We report here some trials involving drugs given to chicks with light-induced avian glaucoma, a syndrome characterized by moderate to severe myopia, and elevated intraocular pressure.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.65

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTTopical use of Indomethacin was documented to prevent surgically induced miosis, and it reduced postoperative inflammatory response. We collected 26 consecutive cataract eyes. Seventeen eyes in the study group received topical 0.1% Indomethacin eyedrops from one day before surgery until two weeks after surgery, in addition to the routine medications. Nine eyes belonging to the control group received the routine medications only. The parameters of our study included the measurement of the pupil diameters in surgery, the central corneal thickness, the intraocular pressure, and the anterior chamber reaction before and after surgery. The results revealed that topical use of 0.1% Indomethacin eyedrops could prevent intraoperative miosis and reduce postoperative corneal edema and anterior chamber reaction, but it did not show much influence on intraocular pressure.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.77

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe studied the ocular pulse amplitude of myopic patients by using Alcon Pneumotonography. One hundred and eighty-eight cases (376 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The results revealed that the higher the myopia the lower the ocular pulse amplitude. The pulse amplitude has high correlation with refractive error and axial length, but poor correlation with scleral rigidity, intraocular pressure and corneal curvature. As the ocular pulse amplitude is generated by the choroidal blood flow, these results may reflect circulatory disturbance in the development of myopia.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.83

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1991.7.89

年代:1991

数据来源: MAL