摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of a single oral dose of 2.5 mg Bromocriptine on intraocular pressure over a 12 hour period in a group of 20 puerperal women with normal eyes, is reported. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced, the maximal response being 3-4 hours after administration. Possible explanations for the reducing effect of Bromocriptine on intraocular pressure are discussed.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.1

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTCeliprolol (5%) was compared to timolol (0.5%) and placebo in patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. A total of 28 patients participated in this double blind study and received treatment for two weeks. Intraocular pressure decreased an average of 4.4 mmHg with celiprolol and 7.1 mmHg with timolol two hours after instillation. This was maintained 12 hours after administration of timolol but not after celiprolol. There was a small but statistically significant decrease in pulse rate 2 hours after administration of timolol (from 72 to 64 beats per minute) which was not observed after celiprolol. Side effects were mild and similar for all 3 groups.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.5

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe ocular β-adrenoceptor antagonist activity of dihydrolevobunolol (DHLB), the major ocular and systemic metabolite of levobunolol was investigated by determining its ability to block isoproterenol-induced ocular hypotension in normotensive rabbits. Topically-applied 0.001% and 0.01% DHLB virutally abolished the response to isoproterenol, indicating a β-blocking potency similar to that of timolol. Thus, the ocular metabolism of levobunolol leads to the formation of a highly potent β-adrenoceptor antagonist that may contribute to its clinical effica

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.11

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTLike many other opiates, morphine has a specific dose dependent mydriatic effect in mice which is antagonized by naloxone. In the present work we have studied the pupillary effects of the dextrorotatory isomers of morphine and naloxone, in comparison with the levorotatory active isomers. The dextrorotatory isomers lacked agonist and antagonist action, respectively. These results confirm that the pupillary effects of opiates are mediated through specific opiate receptors.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.17

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTCholinergic input to the anterior segment of the eye was chronically lowered by ciliary ganglionectomy in cats. Experimental eyes developed supersensitivity to the miotic effects of pilocarpine. In addition, these parasympathetically denervated eyes exhibited a moderate subsensitivity to the mydriatic effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol. Iris preparations accordingly afford the unique opportunity to study the two opposite extremes of normal drug sensitivity simultaneously in the same tissue.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.23

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTAdenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) was evaluated for efficacy in the prevention of spontaneous and induced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular shedding in latently infected rabbits with strain McKrae. Intraperitoneal injections (IP) of AMP (100 mg/kg) or NaCl (10 mg/kg) were given on postinoculation (PI) days 16-39. Spontaneous viral shedding was monitored by ocular tear film swabs on PI days 20-39. In the induced rabbits, one group received AMP (IP) and a second group received NaCl (IP) on PI days 66-77. In a third group, AMP (100 mg/kg) was given twice a day IP on PI days 66-77, and AMP was applied by iontophoresis to these eyes on PI days 68-74. In these three groups, ocular viral shedding was induced by ocular iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine on PI day 70 followed by topical application of epinephrine for 5 days (PI days 70-74). HSV-1 ocular shedding was monitored on PI days 66-78. There were no significant differences in spontaneous or induced shedding patterns between the AMP (systemic or systemic plus ocular iontophoresis) and the NaCl groups. These results suggest that this dose of systemically administered AMP plus iontophoresis of AMP does not reduce ocular HSV-1 shedding in rabbit

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.31

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe treated 32 patients with dendritic keratitis with a combination of acyclovir 3% ointment and vidarabine 3% ointment or acyclovir and placebo. Patients with acyclovir alone healed in an average time of 7.7 days, while patients on the combination healed in an average of 6 days. Only one patient in the acyclovir and vidarabine group had a healing time longer than 7 days, whereas six patients in the acyclovir and placebo group had healing times longer than 7 days. By the median test, this difference in healing times was statistically significant (p = 0.035), and the combination prevented cases of prolonged ulceration.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.39

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to compare corticosteroids with ketorolac, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on corneal wound healing in rabbits. The present studies indicate that 0.5% ketorolac does not significantly impair wound healing as determined by corneal tensile strength, whereas 0.1% solution of dexamethasane phosphate resulted in a significant impairment of wound healing. In addition, ketorolac does not impair healing of corneal epithelial abrasion, whereas prednisolone acetate was found to impair wound healing. The development of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ketorolac provides an alternative method to suppress post-surgical inflammation and does not adversely affect the cellular system involved in corneal repair.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.43

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTSevere ocular hypertension has been reported in a chronic glaucoma patient following use of histamine H2receptor antagonists for treatment of peptic ulcer. Subsequent studies, however, have failed to demonstrate a significant action of topical or intravenously administered H2blockers on intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans.In this study, cimetidine and ranitidine were administered into the cerebral ventricles of unanesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Both drugs caused prolonged increases in IOP at a dose of 1 umol. Maximal elevations of IOP occurred approximately 20 min after drug injections and averaged 5 - 8 mmHg above pre-drug values. In contrast, histamine (0.3 and 1.0 umol) produced biphasic effects on IOP when given by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. These data suggest that central mechanisms may mediate the actions of some histamine receptor agonists and antagonists on IOP.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.55

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTProducts of arachidonic acid metabolism, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, play an important role in ocular inflammation. In this study, we investigated the efficacies of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (aspirin, indomethacin, and piroxicam) and the lipoxygenase inhibitors (N-hydroxy-arachidonamide (AH) and phenidone) in reducing ocular inflammation induced by arachidonic acid. Administering arachidonic acid topically (0.50% for rabbits and 0.25% for humans) produced a simple model for evaluating the effects of inhibitors on prostaglandins. In rabbits, aspirin, piroxicam and indomethacin all blocked lid closure and chemosis significantly. In humans, aspirin and indomethacin significantly blocked arachidonic acid-induced conjunctival injection. Neither AH nor phenidone blocked any of the signs of ocular inflammation in rabbits or humans. Further testing of phenidone in the presence of the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, also proved negative. Species specificity in arachidonic acid metabolism may account for the different results in humans and rabbits. This model may be a useful tool for comparing the relative efficacies of topical cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in treating ocular problems.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1987.3.63

年代:1987

数据来源: MAL