摘要:

ABSTRACTTo determine if pilocarpine 4% produces miosis when deliveredviaa spray, eleven eyes of ten patients undergoing a laser peripheral iridotomy for occludable angles were pretreated with one application of pilocarpine spray to closed eyelids. Standardized pupil photographs for pupil diameter measurements were taken before and thirty minutes after the spray. Contralateral eyes served as controls (9 eyes) All treated eyes achieved miosis. The mean pupil diameter in the treated group was 4.1 ± 0.9 mm before the spray and 1.5 ± 0.3 mm after the spray (p<0.0001). The average change in pupil diameter in the treated group was 2.6 ± 0.9 mm compared to 0.0 ± 0.2 mm in the control eyes (p<0.0001). Pilocarpine spray is an effective delivery modality for intraocular mio

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.1

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare means, variability, and reproducibility in intraocular pressure and in outflow facility measured repeatedly over several days by Bio-Rad pneumatonography and Schiotz tonography in normal human volunteers. For each instrument a measurement of intraocular pressure and one of outflow facility were obtained at each of three repeated examinations of eight healthy subjects in the supine position. For pressure, the Bio-Rad mean was significantly higher by 5.31 mmHg than the Schiotz mean (p<0.00005). Reproducibility was 71.1% and 59.0% for the Bio-Rad and Schiotz, respectively. For outflow, the Bio-Rad and Schiotz means were not significantly different. Reproducibility was 17.3% and 58.7% for the Bio-Rad and Schiotz, respectively. For measuring pressure, both the Bio-Rad and Schiotz instruments had good reproducibility; for measuring outflow, the Bio-Rad and Schiotz instruments had low and good reproducibility, respectively.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.5

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to gain an understanding of the significance of tear proteins in stabilizing the tear film. Either a sigma agonist, N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylethylamine HCl (AF2975), or a sigma antagonist, haloperidol, was administered to rabbit eyes in order to increase or decrease protein secretion, respectively. At 0, 10 and 60 minutes after instillation, tear proteins were extracted from Schirmer strips and measured for total protein. A portion of the extract was used for separating five major protein fractions using size-exclusion HPLC. Total protein extract or individual protein fractions were measured for surface tension by the horizontal capillary method and forin vitrobreak up time (in vitroBUT), a newly designed procedure.A statistically significant decrease was measured for surface tension and a concomitant increase was measured forin vitroBUT for the total protein samples at 10 and 60 minutes after instillation of AF2975 compared to the vehicle treated eye. The results for haloperidol yielded an increase in surface tension and an decrease inin vitroBUT. When the tear proteins were separated into five major fractions, only the 23 minute protein fraction was found to decrease surface tension and increasein vitroBUT following AF2975 administration. Haloperidol, a sigma antagonist, showed an exact opposite effect for the total protein and the 23 minute protein fraction.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.15

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTInterleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers are known to inhibit IL-1-induced uveitis. CK 123 and CK 124 are new IL-1 blockers which showed potent anti-uveitis actions that are more potent than the classic corticosteroid, prednisolone. In addition to anti-inflammation, CK 123 and CK 124 were also found to inhibit proliferation of fibroblast-like corneal and conjunctival cells, indicating that these compounds could be used not only as anti-uveitis agents but also as useful agents to prolong the functional period of aqueous humor outflow after trabeculectomy. It was also found that DNA and mRNA synthesis were markedly inhibited by CK 123 and CK 124, yet the protein synthesis was either untouched or enhanced.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.31

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTProstaglandins (PGs) lower intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow, presumablyviaa receptor-mediated mechanism coupled to a second messenger pathway in the ciliary muscle. In the present study, we examined the effect of prostanoids on cyclic AMP production in cultured human ciliary muscle cells. Cells were identified based on their expression of smooth muscle specific α-actin and monoclonal antibody against desmin. Cyclic AMP production in confluent cells incubated with buffer solution containing various concentrations of prostanoids was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. PGE2caused a time-dependent increase in cyclic AMP concentrations which reached a maximum after 10 mins. With the exception of PGD2, all prostanoids produced a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic AMP levels with the following rank order of activity: PGE2>11-deoxy-PGE1>16,16-dimethyl PGE2>sulprostone>PGF2α. PGE2-induced increase on cyclic AMP levels was unaffected by AH6809, an antagonist at both PGD2(DP) and E2(EP1) receptors. Flurbiprofen decreased basal cyclic AMP concentrations suggesting that intramurally-generated PGs stimulate the formation of the nucleotide in ciliary smooth muscle cells. PGE2-induced increases in cyclic AMP production was synergistic with those induced by the diterpene activator of adenylyl cyclase, forskolin. We conclude that prostanoids active at EP2-receptors can stimulate cyclic AMP production in cultured human ciliary muscle cell

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.45

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTTopical 0.1% dexamethasone(50 μl) instilled QID in glaucomatous Beagles increased intraocular pressure (IOP) by about 5 mm Hg within the first seven to ten days in a four week test. The elevated levels of IOP persisted until drug instillations ceased. Both drug eye and placebo eye IOP levels were increased significantly over the predrug (control) IOPs. Comparisons of the IOP changes associated with topical dexamethasone in beagles bred for glaucoma and less than seven months of age to older glaucomatous Beagles did not detect any significant differences. The magnitude of elevation in IOP in both age groups was about 4.8 mmHg. During the week after cessation of the topical dexamethasone instillations, IOPs of both the drug and placebo eyes declined toward predrug levels. Primary open angle glaucoma in the Beagle exhibits a significant and rapid elevation in IOP following unilateral or bilateral 0.1% dexamethasone instilled QID

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.57

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of antiallergic agents in the treatment of experimental murine ragweed conjunctivitis. SWR/J mice were divided into eight groups: 1; normal controls (unmanipulated); 2, untreated; 3, lodoxamide; 4, cromolyn; 5, livocarbastine; 6, nedocromil; 7, buffer solution (BS); and 8, tetrandine (TDR). Groups 2-8 were exposed to ragweed pollen through topical application to conjunctival and nasal mucosa, followed by conjunctival challenge with the allergen. Allergic conjunctivitis was evaluated by scoring of the clinical signs and histopathology. mRNA gene expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in conjunctiva was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. Exposed mice developed allergic conjunctivitis clinically and histologically that was modulated by topical lodoxamide, cromolyn, livocarbastine, or nedocromil eye drops or TDR intraperitoneally injected. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated that the drugs and TDR significantly reduced conjunctival eosinophil infiltration and the number of intact and degranulating mast cells. IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA gene expression in conjunctiva of treated mice was inhibited compared with untreated and BS-treated controls. No IL-6 mRNA expression was observed even on the conjunctiva of the untreated mice. The antiallergic drugs and TDR exerted a similar action on the murine model of allergic conjunctivitis and demonstrated pharmacologic effectiveness on the conjunctival mRNA expression of cytokines IL-1β and

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.67

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

ABSTRACTSuccess of glaucoma filtration surgery is influenced by the wound healing response. Attention has been focused on pharmacological agents to control a process that leads to excessive scarring and eventual failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. Several agents, including 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C, as well as other antiproliferative drugs will be discussed. Newer antifibrotic agents and novel drug delivery systems are under development in tissue culture and animal models in an effort to improve efficacy and safety. This article summarizes current treatment modalities and future prospects to prevent excessive wound healing and improve the success of glaucoma filtration surgery.

ISSN:8756-3320    

DOI:10.1089/jop.1998.14.75

年代:1998

数据来源: MAL