ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe sharp rise in reports of child abuse has led to efforts to protect children in family courts in child protective proceedings. Hearsay evidence of a child's prior statements may be admitted in child protective proceedings, but such evidence is legally insufficient to support an adjudication of abuse without corroborative evidence. Courts have admitted expert psychological, psychiatric or social work testimony about the child sex abuse syndrome as sufficient corroborative evidence. The testimony is called “validation” testimony. The scientific basis for such validation testimony in the absence of a disclosure by the child is very weak. Courts have also tended to accept the most minimal evidence as corroboration of the child's out‐of‐court statements, including other hearsay evidence. The socially valuable policy of protecting children by admitting weak evidence, such as validation testimony, or other hearsay, should be reviewed to ensure the evidence meets criteria of reliability in order to minimize erroneous determi

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes (1) an intrafamilial child sexual abuse case and (2) the multidisciplinary research project which developed from its outcome. The research project., in existence since 1987, is a task force of the Committee an Children, Youth, and Families of the New Jersey Psychological Association and is co‐sponsored by the Committee on Child Psychiatry of the New Jersey Psychiatric Association. The research aims at developing an objective behavioral assessment instrument to validate child sexual abuse allegations, and at achieving a clinical‐legal consensus regarding the credibility of the instrument. Ranking, reliability, and validity studies are descri

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews studies dealing with children's secrets—i.e., their concealment of information regarding events they have witnessed or been involved in. Potentially important implications for children's testimony are considere

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of anatomically detailed (AD) dolls is widespread, especially with young children who have been, or may have been, sexually abused. A number of empirical studies have compared the responses of sexually abused and non‐abused children to AD dolls. Additional research has assessed AD doll play among non‐abused children only. Methodological limitations notwithstanding, virtually all empirical data support the use of AD dolls for data gathering in cases of sexual ab

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinicians often regard the excuses of child molesters as important indicators of remorse, rehabilitation potential and the likelihood of recidivism. Despite the implications for clinical decision‐making and judicial deliberations, relatively little is known about the content and structure of these explanatory statements.This study was an attempt to delineate the range of thematic content and logical structure of the excuses of child molesters. Over 250 justificatory statements were examined from the clinical records of 86 child molesters referred for psychiatric assessment. A total of 21 distinct excuses and six thematic categories were identified. An ‘excuse syntax’ was devised to define the structure of the offenders' reasoning about their sexual improprieties. The excuse syntax has the advantage of formalizing clinical judgements about the individual's level of denial and personal responsibility, his degree of defensiveness and the logical consistency of his justifications. Implications for clinical practice and research are disc

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred eighty‐one men were compared on parent–child relations, using the Clarke Parent–Child Relations Questionnaire. The sample included 66 heterosexual pedophiles, 29 homosexual pedophiles, 36 incest offenders and 50 controls. The offender groups were further divided into those who used force (20%) versus those who did not; into those sexually victimized as children themselves (53.2%) versus those not victimized; and into those physically abused as children (47.5%) versus those not abused. Results showed that the offender groups had more disturbances than controls in father–son relations, contrary to earlier findings showing disturbances in mother–son relations among individuals who interact sexually with minors. The offenders who used force in their offenses differed only in being more aggressive to their fathers as children, but otherwise did not differ from offenders who did not use force in their offenses. Offenders both sexually and physically abused as children showed more disturbances in father relationships than offenders who were not abused during their childhoods. Disturbed parent‐child relations undoubtedly leave residual difficulties in sex offenders in later life, but in the present sample, they did not play the expected critical role in explaining the use of force by perpetrators who coerce childr

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWell‐established policies and procedures govern the identification, management, and treatment of most variations of child abuse. For many therapists, such cases have become “routine”. Munchausen syndrome by proxy is an under‐recognized form of child abuse in which a parent feigns or creates illness in a child specifically to have the child subjected to unnecessary diagnostic tests and treatments by medical practitioners. Variations range from false reports of fevers or allergies, to life‐threatening abuse, such as surreptitious poisonings or injections with toxic substances. This article reports a case example of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, provides a review of historical, diagnostic and management issues, and discusses legal issues relevant to detection of the perpetrator and protection of the chi

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study addressed the extent to which primary care physicians encounter crime victims in their practices. Crime prevalence and incidence rates were calculated from responses to a mailed survey of 2,291 women medical patients (45% response rate). The prevalence of crime victimization was 57%. The 12 month incidence of violent crime was 118 per 1,000 patients. Most notable was the finding that rape incidence was approximately 15 times higher than National Crime Survey estimates for women, even after adjustment for telescoping. Post‐crime physician usage was documented by medical chart review. Although few crime victims required hospitalization for injuries, virtually all made out‐patient physician visits in each of two post‐crime years. The findings suggest that physicians are an important potential source of assistance for traumatized crime vi

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of prior juror service on jury sentencing was investigated in an archival study of 143 criminal trials resulting in convictions. Trials took place over two calendar years in a state circuit court requiring jurors to serve 30‐day terms. Jurors sentenced defendants in each case according to a set of guidelines determined by trial judges. The severity of the sentences imposed by jurors was rated by 101 subjects on a scale of 1 (least severe) to 100 (most severe). The results indicated that the more experienced juries gave significantly more severe sentences than did the less experienced juries. This finding was unchanged when civil court experience was considered in addition to criminal court experience. Possible interpretations of these results are discusse

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370090111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY