摘要:

Sera of 1,333 African, Caucasian, Chinese and Malay males over 15 years from four countries were randomly assayed for α-fetoprotein (AFP) by the radioimmunoassay. The average AFP level was 2.97 IU/ml (+ 2 SD = 8.78, -2 SD = 1.00) which can be compared with previously published figures ranging from 2.3 to 12 ng/ml. Average values increased with age and the upper limit (mean + 2 SD) in the over 64 years age group was close to 17 IU/ml. The use of international units should facilitate the comparison of results between laboratories. The present data can help in determining whether an AFP value is ‘normal’ and when AFP levels of certain follow-up patients revert to no

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Continuous oesophageal pH measurements have been used to assess the influence of posture (lying, sitting, bed-up) on gastro-oesophageal reflux. The percentage of time during which oesophageal pH was below 5 and the number of reflux episodes was significantly reduced when patients were in bed-up position than when sitting or lying. There was no significant difference when sitting and lying positions were compared. The results suggest that by adopting the bed-up position (elevation of the head end of the bed with blocks of 28 cm), the patient will have a symptomatic benefit, the frequency of reflux is decreased, and acid clearing is improved.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The responses of amylase and chymotrypsinogen to a pancreatic secretory stimulation (intragastric administration of oleic acid or sodium oleate) are compared in rats. This comparison concerned the rates of biosynthesis of the two enzymes, their intrapancreatic levels of storage and their rates of excretion in the juice. In each of these 3 steps, it was found that the stimulation induced non-parallel courses of amylase and chymotrypsinogen. The non-parallelism in the rates of biosynthesis was found unable to explain the entire non-parallelism observed in the rates of excretion. These results suggest that the mechanism which controls the proportions of the different enzymes in the juice is different from that which monitors the rates of individual enzymes biosynthesis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In conscious rats and in anaesthetized gastric fistula rats, the effects of low and high doses of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine was studied on gastric mucosal histamine concentration and histidine decarboxylase activity with or without concomitant administration of pentagastrin. In conscious animals a single injection of pentagastrin reduced gastric mucosal histamine concentration and elevated histidine decarboxylase activity. This effect was not antagonized by low doses of cimetidine. High doses of cimetidine, like pentagastrin, reduced the histamine concentration and elevated the histidine decarboxylase activity. In anaesthetized rats low doses of cimetidine reduced gastric acid secretion. The effects of cimetidine on gastric mucosal histamine and histidine decarboxylase were less pronounced than in conscious animals. The histidine decarboxylase stimulating activity of high doses of cimetidine was not abolished by gastric perfusion with acid suggesting that endogenously released gastrin is not involved. A feedback relationship between the blockade of the target organ and increased histamine biosynthesis is discussed.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In dogs with the continuity of the stomach and duodenum intact the peristaltic and antiperistaltic waves in the duodenum disappeared completely and gastric emptying became faster after selective duodenal denervation. No significant changes occurred in fasting and food-stimulated Heidenhain pouch acid secretion or in serum gastrin concentration. It is concluded that the duodenal vagal nerves have importance for duodenal motility, but do not influence the gastrin release from the antrum and the small bowel or the acid secretion from a Heidenhain pouch.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of alcohol in addition with respectively phenobarbital and pyrazole on the heme and porphyrin synthesis in the liver of male rats was studied. After a single dose of 2 g alcohol/kg p.o. the activity of the δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA synthetase) in the liver of starving rats increased 2- to 3-fold within 3 h. The porphyrin concentration in the liver of these animals was increased maximally by 75 %. The activity of the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA dehydratase), of the microsomal monoxygenase and of the concentration of cytochrome P-450 and ATP in the liver were not altered. A previous injection of pyrazole (6 μmol/kg) could abolish the inducing effect of alcohol on the ALA synthetase. The inducing effect of alcohol was increased by a previous injection of phenobarbital (80 mg/kg). The activity of the microsomal monoxygenase and the concentration of cytochrome P-450 was not altered by administration of an 8 % alcohol solution instead of drinking water. The activity of the ALA synthetase in the liver of these animals was increased 3- to 4-fold only when they starved before sacrifice. In fed animals the activity of this enzyme was in the range of the control animals. The increase of the cytochrome P-450 concentration in the liver after 80 mg phenobarbital sodium/kg was lowered by alcohol. The experiments show that alcohol differs from other known porphyrinogenic agents. An alteration of the cytochrome P-450 concentration could not be demonstrated as the cause of the induction of the ALA synthetase. The observed porphyrinogenic effect is not caused by alcohol itself but either by its metabolites or by the changes of the liver metabolism caused by the effect of alcohol on the NAD/NADH rat

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bile acid kinetics were evaluated after oral administration of 14C-labelled cholic acid in ten normal subjects and two patients with severe bile acid malabsorption. The faecal 14C excretion was measured during the turnover study. Cholic acid synthesis rate was significantly correlated to 14C output in stools. The faecal radioisotope excretion is recommended for detection and semi-quantitation of bile acid malabsorption.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197998

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mode of the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on gastric acid secretion. This was done in Heidenhain-pouch dogs studying the effect of somatostatin on cumulative dose response curves of pentagastrin, carbachol and histamine. Somatostatin inhibited gastric secretion after all three stimuli, with decreasing potency against carbachol, pentagastrin and histamine. The pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was inhibited in a noncompetitive way; in contrary to this the carbachol and also the histamine-stimulated secretion was inhibited in a competitive way.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000191690

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1909

数据来源: Karger