摘要:

In 10 patients without disease of the pancreatico-biliary system, the common bile duct pressure was artificially elevated by endoscopic retrograde feeding with saline under manometric control. The motor activity of the papilla of Vater was recorded by endoscopic manometry using the hydraulic capillary perfusion system according to Arndorfer. Compared to the baseline motility, a mild pressure elevation (from 9.75 ± 1.8 to 13.5 ± 0.26 mm Hg) had no effect. After the following strong pressure elevation (to 32 ± 0.9 mm Hg), however, the papillary residual pressure and the wave duration of the papillary contractions increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 5.5 ± 0.5 s and 6.3 ± 0.16 mm Hg to 10.7 ± 0.75 s and 8.6 ± 0.64 mm Hg, whereas the papillary contraction frequency and amplitude were not affected. These data indicate several clinically important specul

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199181

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The serum carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19–9) was assayed in patients with various diseases, and it provides excellent sensitivity for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (25/27, 93%), while only 4% (2/54) of the patients with benign diseases and none of the 40 healthy subjects showed elevated CA 19–9 concentrations over 37 units/ml as upper normal value. Increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels over 2.5 ng/ml were observed in patients with pancreatic cancer (18/22, 82%), compared to 22% (12/54) of the patients with benign diseases and 10% (4/40) of the healthy subjects. 12 of the 19, 6 of the 19 and none of the 22 patients with pancreatic cancer exhibited high serum ferritin, β2-microglobulin, or α-fetoprotein levels, respectively. A significant difference in CA 19–9 was found between patients with pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer, other gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, other non-GI malignancies, benign digestive diseases or normal popu

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199182

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It has previously been observed that 25% of human colorectal cancers contain specific receptors to deoxycholic acid (DCA). In the present study, the effect of intrarectal instillation of DCA on tumour number, distribution, size, and DCA receptor status was measured in rats receiving the colorectal carcinogen, azoxymethane. Rats treated with azoxymethane and intrarectal DCA developed significantly more colorectal cancers than rats receiving azoxymethane and intrarectal saline (median 11.5, range 8–17 vs. median 6.0, range 3–9 turnours/rat, respectively, p < 0.01). This reflected a significantly higher number of tumours in the distal colon of the DCA-treated group (median 8.0, range 5–10 tumours/rat) compared to the saline-treated group (p < 0.01). In those rats receiving DCA and azoxymethane, 5 of 12 tumours tested were found to be DCA receptor-positive, compared with only 1 of 11 in the saline and azoxymethane group. These results confirm the belief that DCA acts as a tumour promoter, and suggest a possible role for DCA rece

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199183

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fecal alkaline phosphatase excretion was evaluated as a marker for intestinal damage in rats. Animals received either intraperitoneal bleomycin or saline. Controls were pair-fed with animals in the bleomycin group throughout the study. Both groups demonstrated similar patterns of fecal alkaline phosphatase excretion. There was, however, marked daily variability of fecal enzymatic activity. Fecal alkaline phosphatase excretion was largely composed of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, which was characterized by enzymatic inhibition with L-phenylalanine. Dietary intake as well as daily fecal output and protein excretion were reduced immediately following bleomycin injections and gradually increased to baseline values by 7 days. It appeared that both the direct toxic effects of bleomycin and dietary intake influenced fecal alkaline phosphatase excretion. Routine clinical application of this assay may be limited because of the number of factors which may affect its excretion.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199184

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A dose of 50 mg of acarbose was administered with a standard breakfast to 13 subjects with dumping syndrome. Significant attenuation of hyperglycaemia (p < 0.01) was observed, and rises in plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin and enteroglycagon were reduced (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin were not affected. Dumping score was reduced, but this did not achieve statistical significance. In a longer-term study, 9 patients took acarbose, 50 mg t.i.d., for 1 month. No significant reduction in the number or severity of dumping attacks was observed, but a majority expressed a preference for the drug and some individuals experienced a marked improvement of symptoms.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199185

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the European Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study patients from 14 centers were included in whom diagnosis was made within 2 years before study entry on the basis of generally accepted radiological, endoscopical and/or histological criteria or a combination of all. Reasons for exclusion were: diagnosis older than 2 years in patients who did not require active treatment, age less than 18 years, duration of symptoms less than 3 months, presence of complications which potentially required emergency surgery. Data on clinical features were obtained in 633 patients, of whom 452 were eligible to participate in the study. In 110 patients randomized to placebo the natural course of Crohn’s disease was studied. Patients with ileocolonic involvement were younger than patients with either colonic or small intestinal involvement only. Classic ileitis terminalis was present in 14% of the patients. 49% of the patients had combined involvement of both the small and large intestine. 30% of patients had only small intestinal involvement, and in 21 % colonic disease was present. Small intestinal involvement was associated with a significantly lower Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) than other anatomical locations of the disease. Perianal disease was more often associated with colonic than with small intestinal involvement. 60% of placebo patients with active disease at entry achieved at least a transient remission within the initial 5 months of study. After 2 years, 23% of patients with active disease at entry and 68% of patients with quiescent disease had reached or maintained a remission, respectively. By stepwise multiple linear regression analysis long duration of disease between diagnosis and randomization, normal serum albumin and combined involvement of small intestine and colon were identified as predictors of a more favorable outcome of patients treated with placebo. In contrast, extensive small bowel disease, treatment with steroids and bowel resection prior to study entry correlated with a less favorable outcome. However, by life table analysis outcome of previously untreated and treated patients in the placebo group was si

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199186

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

130 patients with Crohn’s disease were colonoscopied in a multicenter trial. The obtained data were analyzed with respect to gathering information on the inflammation pattern, as well as on the importance and prognostic value of special lesions in Crohn’s colitis. In 52 patients a second endoscopy was performed at the end of the 2-year study period. Ulcerations and aphthous lesions were the most common lesions, followed by pseudopolyps, cobblestone lesions and stenosis. In general, there was an increasing, distal gradient in the frequency of severe lesions. Patients with Crohn’s colitis alone had more signs of inflammation than patients with additional involvement of the small intestine. A segmental pattern was the most common form of inflammation. The group of patients (14%) with a continuous pattern did not deviate from the whole collective in clinical activity. In patients with previous resections, inflammation near the anastomosis was accompanied more often than not by stenosis. Patients with ulcerations had a rather short time since confirmation of the diagnosis. Cobblestone lesions and pseudopolyps correlated with short symptomatology. During the follow-up of the study, patients taking steroids or a combination with prednisolone and sulfasalazine seem to have better results than those under placebo or sulfasalazine alone, as regards the more severe sym

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199187

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of two new 1-desoxynojirimycin derivatives, BAY m 1099 and BAY·1248, on rat small intestinal disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, glucoamylase, lactase, trehalase) and alkaline phosphatase activity has been investigated in vitro. Both compounds are very potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Tested in the range of 0.1–5.0 μg/ml, inhibition is strongest on sucrase (up to 97.1 %) and glucoamylase (up to 96.7%). BAY m 1099 also reduced (up to 56.4%) β-galactosidase (lactase) activity. For both inhibitors a competitive type of sucrase inhibition was demonstrated (Lineweaver-Burk plot). Affinity versus sucrase was unusually tight. The Ki of BAY m 1099 versus sucrase amounted to 1.14 × 10-7M and of BAY·1248 to 6.92 × 10-8M(Dixon plot). Both inhibitors did not impair active transport of L-leucine or methyl-α-D-glucoside into everted rings of rat jejunum

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199188

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic oral administration of camostate, a specific serine protease inhibitor, is known to induce pancreas hypertrophy in rats. A possible influence of the protease inhibitor on the endocrine rat pancreas was studied using isolated perfused pancreas and islet incubations. The presence of camostate had no direct effect on the glucose-induced insulin release in vitro in concentrations from 1 μM to 1 mM, but enhanced the basal insulin release from islets cultured over 24 h in media containing the protease inhibitor (100 μM). Administration of camostate over 14 days to rats induced a remarkable hypertrophy of the pancreas without influencing plasma insulin or gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels and insulin concentration of the pancreas. Glucose-stimulated insulin release from the perfused pancreas was not increased despite significantly higher total insulin content. It is concluded that camostate exerts no direct effect on the glucose-stimulated insulin release and that chronic administration of the compound induces pancreas hypertrophy in vivo without influencing insulin releas

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199189

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199190

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger