摘要:

In fasting human beings, the manometrically recorded duodenal contractions show, on the average, a significant time correlation with the contractions of the prepyloric antrum, for a length greater than 14 cm from the antrum. The number and average amplitude of duodenal contractions are increased for about 40 sec after the onset of the antral pressure wave, recorded with an open tip catheter in the prepyloric antrum. The propagation velocity for the pressure waves is estimated at 0.6–1 cm/sec from the prepyloric antrum to the duodenal cap; and 1.5–2.5 cm/sec from the first part to the second part of the duode

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197217

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors investigated the kinetic pattern of exocrine pancreatic secretion on 60 anesthetized dogs. The kinetic pattern of juice and enzyme secretion follows the same mathematical rules. The curves obtained are governed by an exponential function. Kinetic data of pancreatic secretion make it possible to estimate the half-life time of secretín and cholecystokinin/pancreozymin (CCK/PZ) by an indirect method. The half-life time of secretin and CCK/PZ is defined as the period of time in which the activity of the hormones -measured on the parameter of pancreatic secretion (flow rate, rate of enzyme secretion) – decreases to one half. The half-life time of the two hormones is not constant. The mean half-life time of secretin is approximately 3.2 min, that of CCK/PZ 1.8 m

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197218

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000187912

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1900

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The correlation between gastroscopic and histological findings was studied in atrophic and hypertrophic gastritis. The histochemical characteristics of these forms of gastritis were determined. 65 stomachs were studied: 15 cases of normal stomach, 40 cases of atrophic gastritis, and 10 cases of hypertrophic gastritis. The biopsy material was obtained in 33 cases by a Crosby capsule, in 5 cases by a Storz biopsy gastroscope, and in 27 cases by laparotomy. The following enzymes were researched: SDH; BDH; LDH; ICDH; G-6-PD; α-GPD; ATPase; Estα; AlkP; AcP. The correlation between gastroscopical observations and histology was excellent, in the cases of atrophic gastritis and of normal stomach, but not in hypertrophic gastritis where in no cases the gastroscopical diagnosis was confirmed by histology. This may be due, as suggested by Schindler, to the type of prelevement (Crosby capsule and biopsy gastroscope). The histoenzymatic study of atrophic gastritis shows: (1) A decrease, in the parietal cells, of the enzymatic activity of several enzymes in 82% of the cases. This decrease was roughly parallel to the intensity of the atrophic changes, and was not equal in the same stomach, and among the different cases. This might be due to the variability of the noxa playing a role in the genesis of gastritis. The reduction, in the parietal cells, of the activity of such enzymes as SDH, ATPase, IDH, and G-6-PD suggests that the lowering of acid output observed in atrophic gastritis may also be due to a lowering of the activity of enzymes playing a part in the energy producing metabolism. (2) The superficial epithelial cells show a decreased enzymatic activity in 65% of the cases. This reduction was also proportional to the importance of the atrophy. The metabolic activity of these cells is probably lessened and, therefore, the mucosa defends itself less firmly. (3) Intestinal metaplasia was found in 50% of the cases. The enzymatic characteristics of intestinal metaplasia were not homogenous, marked differences were observed among individual cases, in the location and the intensity of enzymatic activity. Thus intestinal metaplasia does not appear as an homogenous change. The intestinal metaplasia predisposition to carcinoma is discussed. (4) There was no difference between the enzymatic activity of the chief cells in atrophic gastritis, compared with normal stomach. (5) The enzymatic activity in hypertrophic gastritis was identical to the normal stomac

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197219

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000187916

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1900

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Duodenal ulcers were produced in rats by continuous infusion, for 24 h of a combination of histamine and carbachol. The ulcers appeared only in the duodenum, not in the stomach. In some animals, a chronic gastric fistula was made. When gastric juice was allowed to drain outside (by keeping the gastric cannula open) during administration of histamine and carbachol, very few duodenal ulcers formed and these were mild. This result indicates that gastric juice, stimulated by the secretagogues used, has to flow over the duodenum in order to induce ulcers. In another study, gastric juice was collected at various times during the 24-hour administration of histamine and carbachol. Hypersecretion of volume and acid was found during the first 6–8 h, after which the values returned to the baseline of normal animals receiving only saline. Finally, perfusion of an alkali (sodium bicarbonate) through the esophagus prevented secretagogue-induced duodenal ulcers, when it was administered throughout the 24 h of secretagogue infusion. When the bicarbonate was given during the first 8 h only, the ulcers were almost completely prevented (from 87 to 29%). Bicarbonate administered after the first 8 h of secretagogue treatment afforded little, if any, protection. We conclude that in the rat duodenal ulcers produced by histamine and carbachol are due to transient (6–8 h) acid hypersecretion. Hyperacid gastric juice, flowing over the duodenum, appears to initiate the ulcers; once these have begun to form, they continue to progress in spite of normal values of acid or even in spite of neutralization of gastric juice, in this experimental mo

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197220

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000187918

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1900

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The mechanisms controlling cell division in the stomach are still unknown. Among the procedures available for determining kinetic parameters in the mucosa, autoradiographic methods with 3H-thymidine are the most widely used. As yet, they have allowed observation of two basic control factors in the gastric mucosa: A tissue specific inhibitory substance of mitotic activity called ‘gastric chalone’ and a stimulating hormone released after food ingestion, which is most probably gastrin. Other possible factors are now to be further investiga

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197221

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000187920

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1900

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197222

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger