摘要:

Variations in the size of the antral G and D cell populations under the effect of chronic stimulation of acid secretion with histamine were investigated in male Wistar rats. Osmotic minipumps delivering either 0.9% saline or histamine dihydrochloride (4.5 mg/kg/h) were implanted subcutaneously in gastric-fistula rats. Gastric secretion was collected prior to the implantation of the pump, after 7 days and after 14 days. Total antral G and D cell numbers and the G/D ratio were estimated at the end of the experiment. Administration of histamine during 14 days did not induce significant changes in the number of either G or D cells in the antrum despite a 3-fold increase in acid secretion.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199391

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fourteen guinea pigs were given prednisolone daily for 20 days and 11 for 40 days. Another 20 formed the two control groups. Short-term prednisolone treatment significantly increased serum gastrin levels and antral G-cell population as compared to the control group. The same parameters significantly decreased following 40 days of prednisolone treatment as compared to the group of short-term prednisolone treatment. Forty days of prednisolone treatment significantly increased antral D-cell population as compared to the control and short-term prednisolone treatment groups. It is concluded that hypergastrinaemia and antral G-cell hyperplasia following corticosteroid administration is temporary and is accompanied by antral D-cell hyperplasia.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199392

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Seven patients with familial amyloid neuropathy (AF amyloidosis) were studied to clarify the pathophysiology of the diarrhea associated with this disorder. Fecal weight and fat determinations, 14C-glycocholate breath tests, and a test of B12 absorption were performed before and after treatment with co-trimoxazole. Gastric emptying was assessed with conventional roentgen contrast medium and radio-opaque markers. Gastric emptying was delayed, fecal weight and fat excretion increased, and the 14C-glycholate breath test abnormal in all but one patient. In most cases co-trimoxazole reduced diarrhea, steatorrhea, and 14C-glycine deconjugation; vitamin B12 absorption returned to normal in one patient after co-trimoxazole treatment. In a jejunal mucosal biopsy specimen, amyloid was absent in the villi, but small deposits were detected along small vessels and nerves in the lamina propria. These findings suggest altered gastrointestinal motility due probably to an autonomic neuropathy which in turn leads to enteral bacterial overgrowth and subsequently to diarrhea and steatorrhea. This diarrhea can be temporarily alleviated by co-trimoxazole treatment.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199393

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rat salivary glands secrete the cobalamin-binding protein haptocorrin and the enzyme amylase. We report the secretion to be stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). VIP especially enhances the secretion of amylase. The concentration of amylase increases in saliva and in serum while the concentration of haptocorrin increases only in saliva. Serum contains a cobalamin-binding protein that differs from the binding protein in saliva. The serum cobalamin-binding protein is classified as transcobalamin.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199394

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By selective catheterization of gastric veins, we studied the secretion of gastrin and somatostatin from the antrum and of somatostatin from the gastric fundus-corpus region in anaesthetized pigs with or without acute adrenalectomy. The secretion was studied during electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves and the splanchnic nerves and simultaneous irrigation of gastric lumen with fluids of high, low, and neutral pH. The corpus-fundus somatostatin response to vagal stimulation was biphasic with a short-lasting initial increase followed by a lasting inhibition, which was little influenced by intraluminal pH or adrenalectomy. In pigs with intact adrenals, antral somatostatin secretion was increased by vagal stimulation, whereas in adrenalectomized pigs, the effect was inhibitory. The vagally induced inhibition was abolished when the intragastric pH was kept at pH 2. The antral gastrin secretion was strongly stimulated by vagal stimulation. The magnitude of the secretory response was inversely related to the pre-stimulatory somatostatin levels, but not to the nerve stimulation responses. Splanchnic stimulation increased arterial blood pressure and gastric blood flow, but had inconsistent effects on somatostatin and gastrin secretion.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199395

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of feeding with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in comparison with linoleic acid on aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage were studied in the rat. Gastric damage was examined macroscopically and histologically. Intragastric administration of 100 mg aspirin daily for 4 weeks produced hemorrhage in 3 of 8 rats receiving a linoleic-acid-enriched diet, but none in 8 rats receiving GLA-enriched diet. The levels of linoleic acid in plasma and liver phospholipids were significantly increased, whereas those of arachidonic acid (AA) were reduced in plasma and liver phospholipids of aspirin-treated animals fed linoleic acid. Similar, more pronounced changes occurred in those animals with hemorrhage. The reduced ratios of arachidonate/linoleate suggest that fatty acid desaturation in these animals was depressed. Treatment with GLA prevented these changes. Our results demonstrated that GLA could protect the gastric mucosa from aspirin-induced damage by bypassing the depressed delta-6-desaturation and thus providing a precursor for the synthesis of AA and prostaglandins.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199396

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of somatostatin on the rectal muscle has been studied in 15 healthy volunteers who received on 2 separate days and in a random order a continuous 1-hour infusion somatostatin (250 μg initially as an intravenous bolus and then 250 μg/h via infusion) or placebo (saline 0.15 M). Our results show that somatostatin significantly reduces the rectal basal tone after 30 and 50 min of infusion without modifying the rectal distensibility. Although they were obtained through a pharmacological increase of plasma somatostatin levels, these data suggest that somatostatin could play a part in the reservoir function of the rectu

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199397

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Immunosuppressive therapy was stopped in 12 individuals positive for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and in 4 individuals positive for HBsAg but negative for HBeAg. Discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy in HBeAg-positive patients was always associated with a bout of hepatitis and elimination of HBeAg in 8/12 patients. One patient died from liver failure and 2 patients experienced a decompensation of their liver disease indicating that this approach might be harmful if used therapeutically. A bout of hepatitis was not noted in any of the individuals negative for HBeAg when the immunsuppressive therapy was stopped, implying that this event is not potentially harmful to the patient.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199398

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 59-year-old woman who presented initially with clinical and histological features of collagenous colitis subsequently developed Crohn’s disease of the small and large bowe

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199399

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger