摘要:

The relationship between microsomal arylamidase activity, determined by a micromethod, and changes of hepatocytes was studied in biopsy samples taken from 107 patients with normal liver histology and viral hepatic diseases. The activities in healthy carriers and chronic persistent hepatitis patients were significantly greater than those of controls, acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis patients, and showed a significant correlation to morphologic criteria. Ultrastructurally, regularly increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was found especially in healthy carriers. The arylamidase activity reflects virus-induced changes of the SER in healthy carriers and viral hepatic diseases.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The action of synthetic and natural secretin on the human exocrine pancreas was compared. The trial was an intrasubject crossover comparison with randomized allocation of compounds in 12 healthy male subjects. No significant difference between compounds was found in bicarbonate, amylase and trypsin secretion after bolus injection. However, synthetic secretin evoked a significantly greater volume and amount of bicarbonate after infusion than the natural compound whilst no difference resulted in the other variables. It is concluded that synthetic secretin is suitable for testing the function of the exocrine pancreas.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198596

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors report the cases of 2 adults who became jaundiced during prolonged administration of clometacin, a new analgesic drug. Jaundice and serum aminotransferase activity progressively increased while the drug administration was continued but quickly decreased when it was eventually interrupted. 1 patient resumed the intake of clometacin and died with jaundice and ascites. In both patients, liver lesions were those of severe chronic active hepatitis with numerous giant multinucleated hepatocytes.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198597

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was designed to determine the relative contribution of acid and/or duodenal contents on development of reflux esophagitis in the rat. Gross and microscopic changes in the esophageal mucosa at 10, 15, 30, and 60 days were recorded in sham-operated animals and in two experimental groups. One study group had a transsection of the esopha-gogastric junction (model I), and the other a total gastrectomy (model II). Bowel continuity was reestablished by esophagojejunal anastomosis. Subgroups of both animal models received either no treatment or cholestyramine or aluminum phosphate for 30 days in drinking water. At 30 days a similar degree of esophagitis was found in the untreated animals of both study models. Cholestyramine improved the degree of esophagitis in model II, whereas aluminum phosphate increased mucosal alterations in model I. At 60 days, 50% of the animals no longer had esophagitis and had regained satisfactory nutritional status. It is concluded that: (1) bile reflux is a major factor in esophagitis; (2) cholestyramine protects against bile reflux, and (3) proper nutritional status is of major importance in mucosal healing.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198598

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of the soluble chlorides of Mg++ and of Ca++ on intestinal water absorption was compared in rodents and in humans because Mg++ is a laxative while Ca++ is reputed to be constipating. In rats, net water transport in vivo from segments of jejunum or of colon was similar during control periods with NaCl, 275 mosm/kg, and during test periods when 40 mM CaCl2, or MgCl2 (made isoosmolal with NaCl) was infused. Both CaCl2 and MgCl2 depressed water absorption in ileal segments by 30–40% compared with NaCl. In man, 6 ileostomy patients were given 60 mmole CaCl2 or MgCl2, orally over 24 h for 3 days in a randomized, cross-over trial. CaCl2 increased the average ileostomy output from 984 to 1,336 g/day; MgCl2 increased output from 939 to 1,352 g/day. A corollary of these results was that magnesium hydroxide would be a less effective laxative when this insoluble hydroxide is not converted to soluble chloride by gastric juice. To test this inference, 5 totally gastrectomized patients were given 60 mmole of Mg(OH)2 or MgCl2 daily. Stool weight increased by 136 g after MgCl2 but not after Mg(OH)2

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198599

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the dog pancreas in vivo, the biological activity of secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide was compared to that of secretin analogues modified in their N-terminal hexapeptide and to X-secretin (α,β-Asp3-secretin) and Y-secretin (a conversion product of X-secretin consisting of about 15% secretin and 85% β-Asp3-secretin). Replacement of Asp3 by glutamic acid reduced secretin activity markedly. Replacement by neutral amino acids abolished the activity nearly completely. α,β-Asp3-secretin and β-Asp3-secretin appeared to be ineffective. The results indicate that the free β-carboxy group of the side chain of the Asp3 residue of the secretin molecule is of decisive importance for hydrokinetic

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198600

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Acute biliary manometry was performed in 10 dogs during operation. The sphincter of Oddi was a high-pressure zone with phasic activity. No active contractions were observed either in the common bile duct or in the gallbladder. Electrostimulation of the right and left thoracic vagal branches increased bile flow, decreased the activity of the sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder pressure. Stimulation of the right vagus gave a more complex response as the initial inhibition of the activity of the sphincter of Oddi was followed by an increased motor activity. Intra-arterial cholecystokinin injection increased bile flow, inhibited the activity of the sphincter of Oddi, whereas gallbladder pressure remained unchanged.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198601

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The dose-response (DR) curves for acid output to intravenous pentagastrin were determined by two techniques in conscious rats with chronic gastric fistula. With the continuous DR technique, the dose of pentagastrin was doubled each hour; with the single DR technique, one dose of pentagastrin was infused for 5 h on each test day. The acid response to all doses but the lowest were higher with the single DR than the continuous DR technique, but the dose required to produce half the maximal response did not differ with the two techniques. Similar results were obtained when the DR curves were analyzed by application of the Michaelis-Menten equation. Accordingly, in conscious rats with gastric fistulas, the single DR technique gives a higher figure for the secretory capacity of the parietal cells than the continuous DR technique, but the two techniques give the same estimation of the sensitivity of the parietal cells.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198602

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Differences in heat stability of human pancreatic ribonuclease (cRNase) and serum ribonuclease were abolished by aprotinin, suggesting that the pancreatic enzyme was similar to the serum enzyme, but was being destroyed by proteases. Serum ribonuclease levels in normal subjects correlated with age but were unaffected by meal ingestion. Serum ribonuclease was not found to be useful in the detection of pancreatic cancer and was more frequently abnormal in patients with other solid tumours or renal failure.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198603

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Endoscopic biopsies at the inferior duodenal flexure from 36 patients were assayed for disaccharidases. Comparative studies in 8 patients were carried out from this location and from the duodenojejunal flexure. 16 patients with lactase values under 20 U/g protein and normal histology also underwent a lactose tolerance test. Evidence is presented that the easily performed duodenal biopsies give the same information as those from the angle of Treitz, at a level about 40% under the latter. Tolerance to lactose was in close relation with the lactase level in 16 patients, the limit being at about 5 U/g protein.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198604

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger