摘要:

Microbial pathogens were sought in faeces of patients with active ulcerative colitis and again after 3 months treatment. 64 patients were examined during their first episode of ulcerative colitis and 30 with relapse of chronic disease. At presentation, bacterial pathogens were not found; 1 patient had cryptosporidiosis. In 10 patients treatment appeared to result in some loss of colonisation resistance as evidenced by colonisation with β-haemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida and Clostridium difficile. Unidentified cytotoxic activity was present in the faeces of 4 patients at presentation and 2 patients during or after treatment. We conclude that enteric infection is an uncommon finding in patients with active ulcerative colitis

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200985

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We demonstrate that, in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there is inhibition of the proliferation of mucosal cells that normally leads to healing of duodenal ulcers. A microdissection technique was used to quantitate mitosis in duodenal crypts at the ulcer edge, giving a regeneration index of mitotic rate at that site, as compared to nearby mucosa. In patients with duodenal ulcers occurring in the absence of NSAID therapy, there was a brisk regenerative response (median index 2.48, range 1.55-9.81, n = 8), significantly greater than in patients taking NSAIDs (median index 1.10, range 0.73-2.16, n = 10, p = 0.014). Inhibition of the process of epithelial cell division normally involved in duodenal ulcer healing could contribute to the delay in ulcer healing which may explain the higher complication rate for duodenal ulcer during NSAID therapy.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200987

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two clinical trials in adults in Mexico are reported. In the first trial, long-term residents of Mexico with acute fecal leukocyte-positive diarrhea were randomized to receive trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), clioquinol or a placebo. Neither antimicrobial shortened the illness for all cases or for those with shigellosis or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. In a second study, US and Mexican students received enoxacin, TMP/SMX or a placebo on a blind random basis. While the placebo-treated subjects with bacterial diarrhea tended to be more ill after treatment than other groups, no statistical differences were seen in treatment groups. These studies cast doubts on the value of antimicrobial drugs for ‘invasive’ and other forms of bacterial diarrhea in adults living in endemic areas and indicate the importance of a placebo control group when conducting clinical trials in these populati

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200988

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The use of an ammonia electrode to quantify ammonia liberated by urease from Helicobαcter pylori was assessed in an in vitro study. It was found to be highly sensitive (down to 0.7 ppm NH3) and highly reproducible (coefficient of variation 6.0%). Inhibition of urease by bismuth subsalicylate was evaluated as urease testing is often used to assess clearance of H. pylori in patients treated with bismuth. Concentrations of bismuth subsalicylate up to 5 mg/ml had no inhibitory effect but bismuth subsalicylate at 50 mg/ml resulted in 21% inhibition of the urease activity of an ultrasonicated H. pylori suspension. As a preliminary study, the ammonia electrode was assessed in the endoscopy room in comparison with conventional techniques for H. pylori diagnosis. Antral biopsies from 39 patients attending for routine diagnostic endoscopy were subjected to culture, histology, detection of urease activity with a commercially available slide test (CLO) and with the ammonia electrode to detect ammonia liberated from samples placed in urea solution. 21 patients were positive after 1 h with the ammonia electrode, compared to only 17 with the commercially available slide test. 20 were positive on histology and 19 by culture. All samples positive with the ammonia electrode were either positive by culture or by histology. The ammonia electrode offers a quick, sensitive, quantitative and cheap method for the detection and quantification of H. pylori.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200989

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000196747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1933

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of serotonin and its related compounds on immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (ir-TRH) concentrations of the rat stomach wall and gastric juice were studied. Either serotonin, cyproheptadine or GR38032F was injected intraperitoneally, and the rats were decapitated at various times after the injection. ir-TRH concentrations of the stomach wall and gastric juice were measured by radioimmunoassay, and gastric serotonin concentrations were measured by HPLC. ir-TRH concentrations of the stomach wall decreased, and ir-TRH concentrations of gastric juice increased significantly after serotonin injection. On the other hand, both cyproheptadine and GR38032F did not affect ir-TRH concentrations of the stomach. The effects of serotonin on ir-TRH concentrations of the stomach were significantly blocked by the pretreatment of cyproheptadine and GR38032F. The reciprocal changes of gastric ir-TRH and serotonin concentrations were observed without changes in gastric juice pH. These findings suggest that serotonin stimulates ir-TRH release from the stomach wall into gastric juice, and the effects of serotonin on ir-TRH release may be partly mediated via 5-HT2- and 5-HT3-receptors.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000196748

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1933

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was determined in 86 cirrhotic patients who underwent a thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation. Increased serum TPA levels were found in 87.2% of the patients (81% of Child’s A, 81.3% of Child’s B and 97% of Child’s C) with very high levels in some cases. There were significant correlations between TPA and several clinical and biochemical tests, especially AST (r = 0.678, p < 0.000001), and this enzyme was the best predictor of TPA levels. Patients with abnormal AST had also significantly higher serum levels of TPA than those with normal AST in each of the Child’s class (p < 0.01 for each). TPA values were found to be more frequently abnormal than AST ones in cirrhotics (p = 0.009) and could be used as indirect markers of activity in these patients. The underlying mechanism involved in the increase in TPA in cirrhosis was probably related to the cytolytic/regenerative activity of the liver. TPA cannot be used as a tumor marker in these p

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To investigate the role of calmodulin in stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic acinar cells, we studied the effects of W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, and KN-62, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaM kinase II), on amylase secretion from rat pancreatic acini. Calmodulin inhibitor (W-7, 100 μM) and Ca2+/CaM kinase II inhibitor (KN-62, 10 μM) reduced amylase secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK) or carbachol. W-7 and KN-62 also inhibited amylase secretion stimulated by both calcium ionophore (A23187) and phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, TPA). To clarify the role of calmodulin in the interaction of intracellular mediators, pancreatic acini were permeabilized with streptolysin O. Following permeabilization, amylase secretion was stimulated by submicromolar free Ca2+, and this Ca2+-dependent amylase secretion was enhanced by guanosine 5’-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS), TPA or cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP). W-7 and KN-62 had no effects on amylase secretion stimulated by Ca2+ alone, but inhibited the enhancement in Ca2+-dependent amylase secretion by GTPγS, TPA or cAMP. These data suggest that calmodulin plays an important role in Ca2+-dependent amylase secretion from pancreatic acinar cells and in the interaction between Ca2+ and other intracellular

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201001

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of 5 days of once-daily dosing with 20 mg p.o. and 40 mg i.v. omeprazole on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was studied in 8 patients with duodenal ulcer. In addition they also received a 10-mg i.v. dose on day 6 during the oral treatment period. The antisecretory effect was measured 6-7 h after dose at a time point when maximal inhibition during the dosing interval is anticipated. The median percent inhibition of peak acid output (PAO) markedly increased from 43% on day 1 to 100% on day 5 during treatment with 20 mg p.o. The first 40-mg i.v. dose produced a median inhibition of 98% of PAO already on day 1. After 5 days of dosing, the inhibition had increased to 100%. On the other hand, a 10-mg i.v. dose could essentially maintain the degree of PAO reduction reached after 5 days of oral treatment. Plasma omeprazole concentrations increased during repeated dosing both with 20 mg p.o. and 40 mg i.v.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger