ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185011

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185021

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90‐min videotape of popular prime‐time television programmes. Independent measures were the sex of the student, their drinker classification (light or moderate‐heavy) and the number of alcohol advertisements (0, 6, 12) shown during the screening of the television programmes. Dependent measures were the number of drinks consumed, and the intentions of students to drive a motor vehicle after viewing the videotaped programmes. As predicted, males consumed more alcohol than females, and moderate‐heavy drinkers consumed more than light drinkers. Male and female students who viewed six alcohol advertisements consumed more alcohol than students shown no alcohol advertisements or 12 alcohol advertisements. Analysis of intentions to drive after viewing the programmes revealed that the number of drinks consumed was not a significant covariate of driving intentions. Rather light drinkers of both sexes were less likely to intend to drive than moderate‐heavy drinkers. Males exposed to alcohol advertisements were less likely to intend to drive than males who did not view alcohol advertisements. Different levels of exposure to alcohol advertisements did not influence the driving intentions of colleg

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185031

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the relationship between alcohol dependence and depression, and more specifically with the issue of which criteria should be used in distinguishing primary and secondary disorders. The data presented indicate that borderline or subclinical depression frequently precedes the onset of alcohol dependence. This finding is discussed in terms of previous studies, which show that depression is generally secondary to alcohol dependence. Such studies have focused almost exclusively on severe forms of depressive disorder, and, it is argued, used inappropriate criteria to designate the onset of alcohol dependence (e.g. withdrawal phenomena and alcohol‐related problems). In contrast to previous studies, the present paper indicates that subclinical episodes of depression should be assessed by clinicians as possible predisposing factors in the development of alcohol dependence. In addition, it is argued that research designed to establish whether alcohol dependence is a primary or secondary disorder when it occurs in the presence of an accompanying psychiatric disorder should measure onset in terms of changes in behaviour such as giving‐up existing interests in order to spend time drinking and consuming more alcohol than former compani

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185041

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 16 families, half of which had an alcoholic parent, both parents and an adolescent were videotaped interacting with each other. Mothers, fathers and the adolescent in each family viewed the videotaped interaction and completed ratings of themselves and the other two family members on levels of anxiety, involvement, dominance and friendliness. In families with an alcoholic parent, adolescents and their mothers rated family members as less anxious than did adolescents and mothers in families without a drinking problem. Also mothers in the alcoholic families rated family members as being more involved, and their ratings were higher than mothers in other families. Alcoholic families rated parent‐adolescent interactions as more dominant and friendlier. At least in these videotaped interactions where alcohol was not being consumed, mothers in alcoholic families adopted a more positive view of family members than mothers in other families. In addition, possibly due to the efforts of fathers not to drink and memories of interactions when he was drunk, alcoholic families perceived their family interactions as more dominant and friendlier than families without an alcohol‐related prob

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185051

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clinical audit of 40 opiate‐dependent individuals who were prescribed injectable drugs (heroin or methadone) between June 1987 and June 1989 is described. These subjects were characterized by the chronicity of their injecting and dependent opiate use, and by their refusal to comply with a treatment programme involving oral‐only prescribing. The key aim was to attract entrenched injectors into contact with treatment services and to promote movement away from injecting drug use and reduce HIV risk behaviour. On review 35 of the original 40 were either still receiving an injectable prescription or injecting illicit drugs. Despite this 14 (35%) were rated as making positive life changes. Nine (22.5%) had been admitted to the in‐patient unit and became drug free during their stay. The stability of the lives of eight (20%) had deteriorated. The benefits and drawbacks of this form of intervention are discussed with comparison to the other studies of injectable drug prescr

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185061

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was undertaken to examine claims that unsuitable individuals were being admitted into private methadone maintenance programs in New South Wales in late 1985, early 1986. A comparison was made of interview data collected by an independent team of researchers from 457 private and 91 public patients. Exhaustive attempts were made to identify individuals who failed current official admission criteria. While there were statistically and clinically significant differences between private and public methadone patients, there was no evidence that unsuitable individuals were being admitted into maintenance. The data and a review of the literature suggest that the rapid expansion of private sector methadone programs allowed suitable individuals more immediate and more equitable access to maintenance treatment.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185071

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author examines the extent to which the alcohol industry, while purporting to be a responsible industry sensitive to the potential harm associated with alcohol, has attempted to subvert the efforts of those seeking to reduce that harm. Reference is made to recent attempts to circumvent the advertising code, exaggerate the beneficial health effects of alcohol, co‐opt the NH&MRC guidelines regarding responsible drinking and minimize community support for control measures. Notwithstanding these manifestations of the industry's duplicity, it will be argued that the lion and the sheep will need at some stage to lie down together if the alcohol industry is not to suffer the same fate as the tobacco industry. It will be suggested that among the issues on which both sides might co‐operate are the advertising and promotion of alcohol, the responsible serving of alcohol and the design of the licensed drinking environment. It will, moreover, be argued that such co‐operation is in the long‐term interest of the alcohol industry, which like any other must be responsive to community c

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185081

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is an overview of the issues surrounding employee drug testing programs as they apply to the Australian workplace. Drug testing may be seen within a historical context of control over workers. Its practice is most prevalent in the USA, but it is also occurring in Australia, Canada and England. It is undeniable that alcohol and other drug use causes significant problems in many workplaces, though the apparently substantial costs to industry and the prevalence of drug use among workers are difficult to estimate with any degree of precision. Drug testing programs in the workplace appear to have majority public support in the USA and are even supported by some unions in Australia and the USA; there are, however, critics of the programs. The evaluation evidence to date is sparse, but is promising in that it suggests that drug testing programs can be responsible for reducing the prevalence of drug use among workers as well as dramatically reducing company costs for absenteeism, accidents and medical insurance claims. However, due to methodological shortcomings one cannot state conclusively that drug testing programs are as effective as they appear to be. Research using more rigorous designs and generating data that can be compared across studies is needed. Distasteful though drug testing is, we may see benefits in its use, similar in concept to random breath testing on our roads. Many of the procedural and legal problems in early US programs have been eliminated, refinements which should assist Australians. The legal issues, however, are quite different in Australia. A drug testing program should not be the sole remedy for reducing alcohol and other drug problems in the workplace and such a program must also be accompanied by rehabilitation and educational components. Ethical issues are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185091

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdvancing ideas pioneered in the United States of America, Australian medical reformers and their lay supporters persuaded colonial governments in the late nineteenth century to recognize that alcohol dependence was a treatable disease. In practice, that recognition was only partial. While inebriates legislation was enacted, the state never provided sufficient resources for adequate specialized treatment facilities to be developed. By the 1930s, the first wave of enthusiasm for specific institutional treatment of alcohol dependence had receded, and the treatment movement was in decline. Reasons are suggested for the failure of the movement.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185101

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY