ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185011

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185021

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study the Australian system of self‐regulation of alcoholic beverage advertising was examined. Sixteen advertisements, eight print and eight television advertisements, were subjected to public scrutiny. Respondents rated advertisements using a self‐completion questionnaire based directly on the Australian Alcoholic Beverage Advertising Code. Responses were collated and where a majority of respondents had endorsed items that constituted a breach of the cose, a complaint, ostensibly from a member of the general public, was made to the Advertising Standards Council. All sixteen advertisements were regarded by the public as containing aspects which breached the code. However, the Advertising Standards Council rejected all but one of the sixteen complaints, often directly contradicting the opinions of our respondents. The social policy implications of these results are considered. It is contended that the system of self‐regulation of alcohol advertising does not serve the public interest. [Saunders B, Yap E. Do our guardians need guarding? An evaluation of the Australian system of self‐regulation of alcohol advertising.Drug Alcohol Rev1991;10

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185031

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile the prevention of drug use problems comes well recommended, there is limited agreement on which preventive strategies are the most effective. Furthermore there is debate as to where activity most effectively occurs—should it be at the national or local level? In this study a university community was investigated with the aim of determining whether members of that community appreciated the need for prevention of drug use problems and which preventive strategies they deemed to be of value. The difficulties inherent in taking action within a tertiary environment are also considered and an agenda for action described. [Lockwood A, Saunders B. Preventing drug use problems: the university as a site for local action.Drug Alcohol Rev1991; 10: 29

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185041

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of psychoactive drug's is regarded by many as a basic human drive, but it is one that induces a variety of societal responses to curb it. The present review examines two aspects of government policy on drugs: first, the influence of social movements on drug policy; and secondly, the choices for constraining drug use as an alternative to total prohibition. Addiction is essentially a repeated behaviour which is viewed as excessive or harmful. As such, it has many similarities with a wide range of human behaviours. With the concept of addiction becoming progressively banalized, there is the possibility of a more natural debate about decriminalization and legalization of drugs in terms of a balance between harm and benefits. The current public debate may create a climate for serious political consideration of the strategies. [Room R. Drug policy reform in historical perspective: movements and mechanisms.Drug Alcohol Rev1991; 10: 37‐4

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185051

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe trainee health professional is influenced by many factors—personal and family experiences, the effectiveness of the teacher as role model, the attitudes in the institution in which training takes place and the cultural norms of society. Adverse experiences, if any, in these areas can negate the input from training programmes. This is particularly true for training in substance use disorders. In designing curricula in this field it is crucial to identify the core competencies expected at the end of training. ‘Project Adept’, a comprehensive compilation of curriculum materials, is based on such competencies. It emphasizes skills training and an adult learning mode of education. However, to achieve sustained curricular changes, development of a committed faculty is essential. Training must be complemented by systematic programmes of early diagnosis and treatment for substance use disorders in teaching hospitals. The need to train generalist physicians and to focus on early intervention have been endorsed by the recent Institute of Medicine report on the treatment of alcohol problems. [Lewis D. Recent advances in health professional training in substance use disorders.Drug Alcohol Rev1991; 10:

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185061

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe issues involved in teaching about drug and alcohol issues in medical schools incorporate a wide range of concerns. Any attempt to raise the proficiency of doctors in dealing with drug and alcohol problems must begin during their basic training, and impart the skills to continue learning after graduation. The principles of community medicine are especially relevant to education in drug and alcohol problems, and basic teaching techniques must be examined as well as course content when reviewing current ideas about drug and alcohol education in medical schools. [Webster IW. Goals for medical education on drugs and alcohol for the year 2000.Drug Alcohol Rev1991; 10: 55‐6

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185071

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper represents an evolving interdisciplinary approach to addictive phenomena. As we enter the last decade of the twentieth century, it is clear that improved treatment outcomes can occur if remedial efforts are prescriptive. Clinicians must develop the skills to organize individually tailored treatment strategies around the constellation of biological, psychological and social factors that shape each person's unique style of chemical dependence and associated dysfunction. Based on a philosophy that rational clinical practice follows scientific theory solidly grounded in research, this article reviews the literature on individual differences and patterns of substance abuse and effective strategies for their change. In recognition of the multifactorial nature of addiction, the text is organized around a continuum of issues that affect clinical practice: biological factors, prevention and early intervention, multiproblem patients, treatment and the law, and treatment alternatives. [Milkman H. Remedies for alcoholism and substance abuse, an overview.Drug Alcohol Rev1991; 10: 63‐7

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185081

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsiderable progress has been made in our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of action of alcohol on the brain, particularly in relation to tolerance and dependence. Tolerance is associated with changes in the composition of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐benzodiazepine receptor, making it less sensitive to alcohol. An increased density of excitatory glutamate receptors may underlie certain withdrawal manifestations. Other neuroadaptive mechanisms include an increase in presynaptic calcium influx on depolarization and effects on adenylate cyclase. Alcohol also influences the expression of a proto‐oncogene which plays an important role in neural development. Further advances in neurobiology offer the prospect of elucidating the mechanisms of tolerance and brain damage. [Shanley B. Alcohol and the brain: recent advances in biomedical research.Drug Alcohol Rev1991; 10:

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185091

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOpioid drug accidental deaths were reviewed in coronial post‐mortem files of the Newcastle City Morgue, New South Wales, between 1970 and 1987. There were 23 accidental deaths directly caused by opioids, with 19 deaths (83%) involving the use of heroin/morphine. Deaths on weekends/public holidays were over‐represented compared with weekdays. In 14 cases (61%), the police notes suggested that help‐seeking had been inappropriately delayed by people in the presence of the subject. In almost half the cases where blood alcohol analyses were performed, the results were positive with a mean of 0.14 g alcohol per 100 ml. For a shorter time period 1985‐1987, opioid‐related suicides were also examined. Data on the five subjects involved in the suicides suggested they were a different target group for prevention. Opioids appear to be a very much smaller cause of death than alcohol and tobacco in the Newcastle Area. [Walsh RA. Opioid drug accidental deaths in the Newcastle area of New South Wales, 1970‐1987.Drug Alcohol Rev1991

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239100185101

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY