ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185011

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompleting a diary over two weeks, 201 young adults recorded each of their drinking events, and information about the context and their motivations for alcohol use. Males reported almost twice as many drinking events and three times the number of drinks over the two‐week period. At the same time, males and females mostly drank from Wednesdays to Sundays, with the majority of beer, wine and spirit consumption being between 4 p.m. and midnight. Most drinking occurred in mixed‐sex peer groups, and the next greatest in family gatherings. Males mostly drank beer, while females chose either wine or spirits. Most drinking was in bars or at home. Males tended to drink for a wider range of reasons. The advantages of using prospective diaries in studies of young adults' alcohol use are discus

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185021

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on a structured questionnaire survey of high school students from years 8, 9 and 10 and their knowledge and opinions on issues relating to general road safety and drink‐driving. A representative sample of this larger group was then interviewed in more depth. The results are discussed in terms of previous surveys of adolescents' attitudes and knowledge on these issues and the educational questions that arise in the light of reported sex difference

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185031

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of women aged 18–64 living in Perth in February 1987 showed that a prospective alcohol consumption diary measured a higher level of consumption (9.3%) than did a retrospective alcohol consumption diary. According to the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH) guidelines for safe and responsible drinking, 11.2% of women drank alcohol at hazardous levels (14 + drinks per week). Although on an overall weekly basis there was no significant association between age and consumption level, drinking patterns varied on a daily basis according to age. The current study may provide a conservative estimate of the percentage of women at risk. The reasons for this underestimation and the implications are discussed, together with the need to develop health promotion messages based on drinking pattern

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185041

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of the study was to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption per adult (≥15 years old) and expenditure on alcohol advertising per adult in Australia for the 18 years from 1969 to 1986. In addition, analyses were made of the extent to which annual changes in consumption were related to annual changes in advertising. The results showed that at the macro or aggregate level, alcohol advertising appeared to have little or no effect on alcohol consumption. By contrast, the level of consumption was positively related to the level of advertising 42 months later. In the very short term, an increase in consumption was followed by a decrease in advertising, and vice versa. The Australian results were found to be consistent with a large number of overseas studies which failed to find that alcohol advertising increased total consumption, although the advertising may have affected brand and beverage preferences. Attention is drawn to a number of methodological issues relevant to the study, and in particular the need for evaluation studies of specific advertising campaign

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185051

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBeers, wines and spirits differ in price, alcohol content, colour, taste and smell. These affect market demand. This paper gives an overview of consumption patterns of some broadly defined alcohol items in Australia, using data from a major household expenditure survey. Total expenditure elasticities for various alcohol items have been estimated from a new Engel function which can be called the double semi‐log Engel function. Beer had the lowest elasticity, whereas the values for wine and spirits were much higher, placing them in the ‘luxury’ category. The percentage changes in demand due to changes in total expenditures and total expenditure inequalities were also calculated. It showed that the per capita changes in demand for beer and wine were inaccurate unless income distribution was considered. This technique can also be used to determine the level of consumption demand for various alcohol

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185061

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMid‐sagittal histological sections of the cerebellar vermis were prepared for light microscopy from six patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy, 13 alcoholics and 16 normal controls. From Nissl stained sections, the Wernicke's encephalopathy group was found to have a significant 29% lower Purkinje cell count relative to controls, while the alcoholic group had a non‐significant 10% lower cell count. The degree of shrinkage of the molecular layer paralleled the degree of Purkinje cell loss. Damage to the medullary layer in the form of shrinkage in Nissl sections and torpedo formation in silver sections did not correlate as well with Purkinje cell loss. Thiamine deficiency would seem to be a significant contributing factor to the neuropathology of cerebellar damage seen in alcoholism. The presence or absence of cirrhosis of the liver was also found to influence the degree of Purkinje cell l

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185071

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present paper is concerned with factors which compromise the effective delivery of programmes incorporating methadone. Current clinical practices and programme characteristics are reviewed and policy issues regarding the role of methadone are considered, especially within the context of containing the spread of HIV infection. These issues are discussed in relation to empirical outcome studies, local prescribing trends and clinical case material. The authors conclude that there is an urgent need for: (1) an evaluation of the outcome of private practitioner methadone dispensation versus comprehensive agency‐based therapy; (2) the accreditation of staff in all programmes incorporating methadone; and (3) the development of monitoring mechanisms, including on‐site clinical audits of program

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185081

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough stressful life events have been found to play a role in the development of a number of physical and psychiatric disorders, the research into their influence upon the harmful use of alcohol has been inconsistent. The published studies are reviewed in terms of the methods employed in data collection. It is concluded that a true test of the hypothesis that life events play an aetiological role in the development of the harmful use of alcohol has yet to be carried out, since valid and reliable techniques have not been used in assessing both life events and the onset of harmful use in any one study. Alternative procedures are suggested for use in future research.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185091

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe need for minimum standards of service delivery in drug and alcohol treatment agencies is outlined, and the Australian standards developed to date are discussed. It is argued that such standards are insufficient to assure the efficacy of treatment approaches used in treatment agencies, although they are an important and necessary precursor to the implementation of patterns of optimum care. The nature of optimum care standards is outlined and one methodology for developing optimum standards is described.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185101

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY