ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185661

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData on alcohol use were obtained from structured interviews with hospital patients aged 65 and over. The cross‐sectional sample (sex by age by region) was drawn from three hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Multivariate statistics and chi‐square tests of proportion were used to analyse the data. Significant main effects were found for sex and age. The majority (65%) of the sample had consumed alcohol in the past year. Males were more likely than females to be current drinkers and also had a higher mean weekly alcohol intake than females. There was a significant fall in alcohol consumption with age. More males (25%) than females (6%) were found to be hazardous/harmful users of alcohol, and those in the 65‐74‐year age group had a higher incidence of problem alcohol use (20.8%) than those aged 75‐84 (9.8%) and over 85 (4.9%). The results suggest a comparatively high incidence of problem alcohol use among older hospital patients and indicate the need for consumer

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185671

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on the incidence of unsafe injecting and the factors which influence this practice in a sample of 1245 Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs). Using a needle and syringe after someone else at some time in the last six months was reported in 41.6% of the sample. Taking into account those who claimed always to clean used needles with virucidal methods, 32.9% had placed themselves at risk of HIV infection from shared needles in the six months prior to interview.Seven factors were predictive of unsafe behaviour. These were (a) the amount spent per week on drugs, (b) the number of times a single needle was used prior to disposal, (c) having shared with a person who is now HIV infected, (d) having a regular sexual partner, (e) the proportion of times high, stoned or drunk when injecting, (f) being part of a group that injects together and (g) having been in prison.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185681

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis research was carried out in 1990 to examine high‐risk injecting and sexual behaviour in a sample of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Perth. The study was a cross‐sectional survey with a convenience sample drawn from drug treatment (54%) and non‐treatment (46%) populations. In the sample of 150 IDUs, there were 11 very risky drug behaviour (VRDB) and 63 very risky sex behaviour (VRSB) respondents. Four respondents fell into both categories. Independent comparisons were made between each risk group and the rest of the sample. The VRDB respondents were heterosexual men, most of whom were in long‐term monogamous relationships, with heavier levels of drug use than the rest of the sample. The VRSB respondents were largely single and mainly heterosexual, with more sexual partners than the rest of the sample. It was concluded that there was little evidence that very risky behaviour was related to a general risk‐taking dimension, to inadequate knowledge about AIDS or to a low assessment of personal vulnerability to AIDS. However, situational influences in association with heavy drug use appeared to be a major component of high‐risk injecting behaviour, while high‐risk sexual behaviour appeared more to be a reflection of community norms about heterosexual sexual behaviour. The study should be replicated with larger samples, particularly as the VRDB group was so small, but if the findings are reproduced in other studies, it suggests that serious attention should be paid to the promotion of safer sex among injecti

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185691

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of imagery techniques in exposure‐based treatments for alcohol dependence. Changes in craving for alcohol following imagery instruction, measured by cognitive and physiological indices, have not been demonstrated. Furthermore, the influence of different imagery script content has not been investigated. This study compared levels of craving elicited, measured by self‐report and salivation, under control and imagery conditions, in subjects receiving treatment for alcohol dependence. Imagery script content was varied across three levels. Participants generally reported forming good quality images with strong affective components. Significant effects of imagery treatment were found for changes in self‐reported craving levels, but not for the salivation measure. Significant decay in levels of self‐reported craving was also observed. No differences in effectiveness between the three script types were discovered. Implications of the results for therapy approaches such as cue exposure are con

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185701

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dimensionality of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was examined utilizing an Australian sample (n = 196) of alcoholics. This study was specifically designed to overcome some of the problems with sampling and analytic techniques used in previous studies. Three moderately intercorrelated factors were revealed which covered (a) alcohol‐related disabilities; (b) help‐seeking behaviour and (c) recognition of a drinking problem. These factors were found to be internally consistent as shown by moderate to high alpha coefficients. Results indicate that the additive system of scoring all 24 items may result in an underestimation of the information afforded by the M

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185711

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractJuvenile Justice Centre youth workers in New South Wales (n = 106) were surveyed by questionnaire as to their knowledge and perceptions of alcohol and other drug issues of those in their care. Some background variables were also collected. About 30% of the sample reported having (had) a problem with alcohol and/or other drugs and approximately the same percentage came from families with such a problem. Over 50% had received some form of drug education. There was an overestimation of the level of use of narcotics, sedative/hypnotics, anti‐anxiety agents and hallucinogens of the youth workers and an underestimation of the level of use of analgesics, alcohol, cannabis and inhalants. Peer pressure was perceived as central in the initiation of use and “denial” in not gaining assistance; the style and belief systems of agencies were not seen as crucial in retaining young people in treatment. Youth workers, who are not required to have any specific education or training prior to employment, did not see themselves as well equipped to assist drug‐affected or detoxifying detainees and requested more training/education. It is recommended that this could be provided through tertiary courses and/or in‐service staff de

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185721

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was undertaken to discover the similarities and the differences in assessment and treatment approaches for heterosexual and for homosexual clients. The purpose of the study was to investigate to what extent sexual orientation is incorporated into treatment plans and what effect this had for treatment outcomes. Responses to nine questions were obtained from 50 self‐reporting heterosexual and 50 self‐reporting homosexual clients of a range of treatment providers. Differences were found at each stage of the assessment and treatment process. There was evidence of sexual orientation not being utilized as a treatment factor. For both groups there was evidence of inadequate significant‐other involvement in treatment and post‐treatment p

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185731

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBenzodiazepine use among injecting drug users (IDUs) presents a major clinical and public health problem that may increase in importance. The current paper examines the research on the extent of benzodiazepine use among IDUs and the harmful consequences associated with such use. Numerous studies have found benzodiazepine use to be widespread among IDUs, and to be associated with greater levels of risk‐taking and polydrug use, and poorer psychosocial functioning than other IDUs. The injection of benzodiazepines has also been reported, and presents problems in itself. The implications of existing research for both clinical practice and research are discusse

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185741

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe value of craving as a construct in the substance use disorders literature stems from its purported ability to predict actual alcohol or psychoactive drug consumption. Empirical reports of craving's relationship to actual use, however, are quite mixed. It is argued that craving's relationship to use variables such as relapse will remain unclear until individual differences related to acting on craving are considered. Such potential mediators of craving's relationship to relapse, such as impulsivity, are evaluated. The implications of this argument for the construct of craving are discussed.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185751

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY