ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.1

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

HIV-infected individuals progress toward AIDS despite the early elicitation of a specific immune response. Analysis of the isotypic distribution of HIV -specific antibodies appears of special interest for two reasons: first, isotypic diversity is partly under the control of antigen-specific T-helper cells, the very cells infected by HIV; second, isotype determines antibody functions, effector (neutralization, antibody-dependent complement, or cell-mediated cytotoxicity) as well as blocking functions. We have investigated by Western blot analysis the isotypic profile of the antibody response to HIV structural proteins (env, gag, pol) and to the nonstructural protein F (3′orf), which is absent from the virion and might primarily target infected cells. In 115 asymptomatic individuals, infected by sexual contact (homosexual men) or intravenously (hemophiliacs), the response togag-products was polyisotypic, including IgM, IgG1, IgG3 and IgA; the response toFwas more restricted (IgM, IgG1, IgA) and the response toenvstrikingly restricted to the IgG1 isotype, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms in the B-cell response to these proteins. The isotypic distribution was also influenced by the route of infection, IgG4 and IgE (gag-specific) being exclusively elicited in the hemophiliac group. Finally, observations of potential diagnostic interest were made in a limited number of at-risk individuals; these included the presence ofgag- andpol-specific IgM or IgA in the absence of any HIV-specific IgG isotypes; and the presence ofgag- andF-specific antibodies in the absence ofenv-specific antibodies, suggesting the early occurrence of both isotypic and antigenic selection mechanisms during the course of HIV infectio

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.3

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

A transregulatory gene,trs, of human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV-1) was expressed in bacteria as a 26-kD fusion protein. Survey of over 100 individuals infected with HIV revealed a nonrandom distribution of seropositivity againsttrs: a few of the asymptomatic carriers and AIDS patients (less than 5%) had sera that reacted with the 26-kD protein. In contrast, 29% of the ARC patients' sera reacted positively. This result is different from those of serological reactivities of the other accessory gene products of HIV-1 (tat, sor, 3′orf, andR) which did not differentiate among stages of clinical progression. Since ARC is a prodrome for full-blown AIDS, these results suggest thattrsmay be useful as a prognostic marker for AIDS developmen

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.11

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

The HIV* immunoblot profiles of 700 HIV-antibody-positive sera were examined to determine the frequency of antibody reactivity with p66/p51, the reverse transcriptase of HIV. We report a remarkably high seroprevalence of antibodies to p66/p51, detected in 79% of the sera. Only gp41 is recognized more frequently in these assays. The level of anti-p66/p51 seroreactivity varies only slightly among the clinical stages of HIV infection.

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.17

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were established from patients with antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Asymptomatically infected patients [5 of 19] had significant lymphocyte transformation responses induced in culture by a purified, recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) from the virus. A few (4 of 55) subjects with AIDS related complex (ARC) and no subjects with AIDS (0 of 29) had proliferative responses to this protein. These responses correlated directly with circulating levels of helper/ inducer lymphocytes (p<.01) and indirectly with virus antigen in blood (p=.04). Also, these responses occurred significantly less frequently than responses to herpes simplex virus (HSV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in seropositive ARC patients (p<.005). These data indicate that the frequency of immune cellular responses to rgp120 decline in association with disease progression, and become undetectable in frank AIDS. As rgp120-induced proliferation was not observed in cells from 15 seronegative immunocompetent subjects, this response appears immune specific. Immune T-lymphocyte-mediated responses to this HIV envelope glycoprotein may allow the prediction of future clinical events and may be useful in monitoring immune-enhancing therapy in patients with ARC and AIDS.

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.23

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

An infectious proviral clone of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was microinjected into the cell nucleus in six cell lines derived from caprine, ovine, bovine, or human solid tissue to study the utility of this method in effecting viral gene expression in nonlymphoid cells. Immunofluorescence assays for HIV demonstrated viral gene expression in only 5% of cells (100–200 cells per line) 24–48 h after microinjection; however, no reverse transcriptase activity was detectable, presumably due to a low level of virus release in this limited number of cells. Therefore, to indirectly assess infectious virus release, microinjected cells were cocultured with human T4 antigen-positive lymphocytes (H9) sensitive to HIV infection. Syncytia formation, electron microscopy, reverse transcriptase activity, and radioimmuno-assay for HIV p24 were used to monitor viral gene expression in cocultures. HIV was efficiently recovered by cocultivating H9 with microinjected cells 48 h after microinjection, regardless of the tissue type or species of origin. H9 syncytia were visualized in some cocultures as early as day 5 but were readily apparent in all experiments on days 7–10. Syncytia induction in H9 was the earliest and most reliable indicator of infectious virus release. A recombinant construct containing a subgenomic envelope gene derived from the proviral clone of HIV was microinjected into human glioblastoma cells. Twenty-four to 48 h after manipulation, 5-20% of microinjected cells were found by immunofluorescence assay to express low levels of a putative gp120. These results suggest a possible approach to producing virus-free HIV envelope antigens in mammalian cells and may be relevant to subunit vaccine develo

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.31

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immunosuppressive disease associated with the depletion of T4 lymphocytes. Recently, an HIV-1 genome was molecularly cloned and shown to be fully infectiousin vitroby transfection experiments. In this study, we show that HIV-1 can be transfected into T4 and T8 lymphocyte subpopulations and viral proteins and infectious virus particles are observed in both short- and long-term cultures. In addition, transfected T8 cells can be maintained in culture for long periods without apparent cytopathic effect.

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.43

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

We partially purified the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) glycoprotein gp41 from infected H9 cells by immunoaffinity chromatography using a column containing the M25 monoclonal antibody (diMarzo-Veroneseet al., 1985). A pH 11.5 buffer worked best for eluting the glycoprotein from this column. The eluted gp41 was used in a sensitive slot blot immunoassay to detect antibodies to HIV in human sera and to prepare rabbit polyclonal antibodies and the 41-1S mouse monoclonal antibody. These antibodies reacted with gp41 in immunoprecipitation and in Western blot assays, but did not neutralize HIV in a syncytiumforming microassay. A pH 2.5 buffer was found to be the most effective solution for eluting gp41 from a 41-1S monoclonal antibody column.

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.51

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

A rapid, simple, reproducible and semi-quantitative assay to measure neutralizing antibodies has been developed. It employs a unique cell line which is exquisitively sensitive to infection with all HIV isolates tested. The assay is amenable to microtiter formulation as well as analysis by automation.

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.63

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL

摘要:

The antiviral xanthate compound tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (code name D609) is capable of inhibiting DNA and RNA virusesin vitro. It can also inhibit the shedding of infectious HIV into the tissue culture medium from chronically infected lymphoma cells (KE37-III) as shown by infectivity assays and Western blots of the supernatant. HIV-specific proteins, however, were accumulated intracellularly. The initiation of ade novoHIV replication after infection of permissive KE37-1 cells was completely inhibited at concentrations of D609 which still permitted mitotic divisions of the cells. Furthermore, the selective antiviral activity of the xanthate compound was evidenced by the absence of HIV replicative intermediate DNA. The expression of cellular genes, such asc-myc, remained unimpaired within these cells.

ISSN:0889-2229    

DOI:10.1089/aid.1988.4.71

年代:1988

数据来源: MAL