摘要:

ABSTRACT—This study describes the “plasma” disappearance and biliary excretion of injected purified canine intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the isolated perfused rat liver and in the intact rat. The plasma disappearance curve of the enzyme showed, apart from an initial rapid phase, a secondary phase, which may result from “exocytosis” of interiorized canine intestinal alkaline phosphatase into the circulation or from exhaustion of receptors involved in uptake of the enzyme during the process of endocytosis. A small fraction of the injected enzyme was found to be excreted into the bile and it was shown that there is a “kinetic” relationship between the biliary excretion pattern and the “plasma” disappearance of the enzyme. In addition, the effect of various sugars, sugar polymers and glycoproteins on plasma disappearance and biliary excretion of the enzyme was studied. Intravenous administration of galactose, lactose, galactan and especially asialofetuin prior to injection of canine intestinal alkaline phosphatase, resulted in inhibition of plasma disappearance of the enzyme, while the biliary excretion pattern of the enzyme was also changed. It is concluded that the rapid removal of injected canine intestinal alkaline phosphatase is predominantly, or even exclusively, achieved by the liver and that the hepatic uptake of the enzyme is most likely mediated by the “galactose‐specific lectin” present on the plasma memb

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—After intravenous administration to rats, the distribution of injected canine intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the liver was studied morphologically by means of histochemical and cytochemical methods on liver sections and pellets of homogenized livers. The interference of various sugars, sugar polymers and glycoproteins with the receptor‐bound injected enzyme was investigated in rat liver sections. Injected canine intestinal alkaline phosphatase, being an asialoglycoprotein, is captured by the galactose‐specific lectin present on the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes and can be displaced by incubation with galactose‐containing sugars and proteins. The enzyme is subsequently taken up by a process of “adsorptive endocytosis” and was found first in a plasma membrane fraction and later in a pellet enriched in lysosomes. This hepatic handling of the enzyme predominantly occurs in the area around the central vein (zone 3 of Rappaport). This is the first evidence for zonal heterogeneity in hepatic disposition of an asialog

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Small doses of manganese or bilirubin administered alone to rats produce no morphologic alterations in the hepatocytes. However, combination of both treatments produced a rapid and severe decrease in bile flow that was paralleled by the appearance and aggravation of the cholestatic lesion: bile canaliculi progressively lost their microvilli; vacuolization occurred in the pericanalicular area and subsequently in the cytoplasm. When bile flow returned to normal, or when cholestasis was prevented by an injection of sulfobromophthalein or a pretreatment with phalloidin, no cholestatic signs were observed. A close correlation appears to exist between the presence of morphologic alterations and the decrease of bile flow in manganese‐bilirubin cholesta

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Uptake of taurocholate into plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat liver was investigated. In the presence of an extra‐ to intravesicular gradient of Na+ ions, a typical “overshoot” phenomenon in the accumulation pattern was observed. Osmotic manipulation of the incubation medium indicated that the transport of this bile acid occurs into an osmotically active intravesicular space. Uptake of taurocholate as measured after 1 min was specifically stimulated by Na+ ions: NaNO3and NaCl were capable of supporting accumulation, whereas KNO3was not. Na+‐coupled uptake of taurocholate showed saturation kinetics and was inhibited by other bile acids or by preloading the vesicles with Na+. Our observations support the idea of a carrier‐mediated bile‐acid uptake system, as suggested previously for the intact rat liver and isolated rat hepatocytes. When the electrical potential difference across the vesicle membrane was changed by inducing different diffusion potentials (anion replacement), a more negative potential inside stimulated Na+‐dependent taurocholate transport. The results demonstrate that rat‐liver plasma membrane vesicles possess an electrogenic Na+‐coupled transport syst

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A new ultrastructural cytoplasmic marker designated as type 2, and distinct from type 1 previously associated with NA‐NB hepatitis in chimpanzees, was found in hepatocytes of two patients and of one experimentally infected chimpanzee. These cases represent a minority of all cases we studied as presumed NA‐NB viral hepatitis. Type 2 marker consists of tubular structures composed of an assembly of ring‐like units coated with smaller uniform fragments, accumulated in different patterns in dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary data using immunofluorescence with NA‐NB hepatitis convalescent serum and antiserum against fibrinogen are reported. Type 2 marker may represent a different agent or a different reaction pattern to one agent of NA‐NB viral hepatitis. Its features are compared with those of

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Among 103 patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to viral hepatitis, paracetamol overdose, or halothane anaesthesia, treated over a 2‐year period, 23 had bacteraemia. Gram‐positive organisms, mainly streptococci andStaphylococcus aureus, were isolated from 61% of patients.Escherichia coli, the main type of gram‐negative organism isolated, was found in 26% of patients and was associated with a fatal outcome more often than gram‐positive bacteria. The type of organism isolated was not related to the aetiology of the hepatic necrosis, the presence of renal failure, or the clinical outcome. In the 23 patients with bacteraemia the same organism was isolated from other sites of infection, including sputum in four, urine in two, and the central venous catheter and arteriovenous shunt in one. Bacteraemia usually occurred 3 days after admission or on average 2 days after clinical deterioration to grade IV encephalopathy had begun. In 11 patients, the infection had an adverse effect on their clinical course, in three patients being implicated as a cause of the encephalopathy. Although in four patients the development of infection after all signs of encephalopathy had cleared may have been a major factor in their death, two of these patients had evidence of severe sepsis, pneumococcal peritonitis, and renal abscesses from whichCandida albicanswas cultured. An awareness of infection as a complication both of the acute stage of the illness and during recovery is essential if early detection and treatment are to be

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Liver biopsies from 17 patients with serologically established hepatitis A were examined by light microscopy. Biopsies were taken from 2 to 27 weeks after onset of symptoms. All showed acute hepatitis, usually with centrilobular lesions but also commonly with a striking portal and periportal inflammatory reaction, resembling that seen in chronic active hepatitis. The infiltrate was rich in plasma cells. Centrilobular cholestasis was common and occasionally severe. Neither cholestasis nor the periportal lesion appeared to be related to patient age or to the timing of liver biopsy. All patients made a full recovery and none developed chronic liver disease. The histological changes differed from those reported in children and in chimpanzees in the presence of centrilobular lesions, but resembled them in that the latter two groups also had periportal lesions. These lesions may lead to a false impression of impending chronicity if the aetiology of the hepatitis is not known at the time of liver biops

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Coded examination of liver biopsies from a total of 24 patients with acute hepatitis non‐A, non‐B revealed two main histological trends: (a) acute viral hepatitis with confluent necrosis (sublobular and bridging) carrying a relatively good prognosis and taking a chronic course in only four out of 14 patients (29%); and (b) acute viral hepatitis with severe portal infiltration rich in lymphocytes and plasma cells, lymph follicles with germinal centers and bile duct lesions, as described by Poulsen&Christoffersen. The latter group showed a very high tendency to transition to chronic hepatitis (six out of seven patients, 86%) or a course characterized by one or multiple acute relapses (one out of seven patients, 14%). Bile duct lesions, if present in biopsies of patients with acute hepatitis, are of diagnostic and prognostic value. They point to the etiological possibility of a hepatitis non‐A, non‐B and, at the same time, they indicate a high likelihood of evolution to chronic live

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY