摘要:

AbstractThe immune response of two inbred mouse strains, DBA/1 and SJL, to eight synthetic polypeptides of the general formulae, poly(Tyr, Glu)‐poly Pro—polyLys and poly(Phe, Glu)‐polyPro—polyLys, differing in the optical configuration of the amino acids composing the macromolecules, was compared. SJL mice responded predominantly to the polyPro—polyLys moieties of either optical configuration in the eight enantiomorphs. In both strains of mice tested, immunization with polypeptides of the formula poly(Tyr, Glu)‐polyPro—polyLys leads to antibodies specific for the polyproline moiety mainly. DBA/1 mice are low responders to 701, poly(LTyr,LGlu)‐polyLPro—polyLLys, whereas they elicit a good immune response to polyDPro—polyDLys when immunized with 713, poly(DTyr, DGlu)‐polyDPro—polyDLys, and with 711, poly(LTyr,LGlu)‐polyDPro—polyDLys. It is of interest that mice of the DBA/1 strain responded well to 715, poly(DTyr, DGlu)‐polyLPro—polyLLys with antibodies specific to poly‐L‐proline. Since this polymer is metabolized slowly and incompletely similarly to antigens composed exclusively ofD‐amino acids, it is likely that the slow metabolism affects the ability of this mouse strain to respond to this immunogen.DBA/1 mice responded predominantly to the (LPhe,LGlu) region when immunized with 702, poly(LPhe,LGlu)‐polyLPro—polyLLys. Since they are high responders to (LPhe,LGlu) and to polyDPro—polyDLys, they elicited antibodies to both immunopotent regions of 712, poly(LPhe,LGlu)‐polyDPro—polyDLys. Although DBA/1 mice are high responders to (LPhe,LGlu) they did not respond toD‐amino acid analogues of these peptides, and immunization of this mouse strain with 714, poly(DPhe,DGlu)‐polyDPro—polyDLys, and with 716, poly(DPhe,DGlu)‐polyLPro—polyLLys, elicited anti‐polyproline antibodies only.The results of this study show that the optical configuration of the amino acids composing an antigen plays an important role in the genetic contr

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman peripheral lymphocytes, identified as T or B cells with a fluorescent anti‐globulin serum, were studied in two varieties of rosette formation: (1) with sheep red corpuscles, a phenomenon shown by a large proportion of human lymphocytes and totally different from that observed in the mouse; and (2) with human red cells sensitized with incomplete anti‐Rh. Lymphocytes forming sheep cell rosettes were never fluorescent;i.e.they were T cells. 73 % of lymphocytes forming sensitized‐cell rosettes were fluorescent B cells. Horse anti‐human lymphocyte serum inhibits the first but not the second variety of rosette fo

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChickens injected variously withMycoplasma gallisepticumorganisms or sheep erythrocytes and assayed for specific serum agglutinins were individually evaluated with respect to lymphoid development in spleen, thymus, cecal tonsils, cloaca, and bursa of Fabricius. The examinations were carried out during the period of normal maximal bursa size on chickens which had been chemically bursectomized (CBx) at the 7‐day‐embryo stage and on intact controls. The embryonic genesis of bursal epithelium was completely prevented in 41 of 43 CBx birds. These bursaless birds nonetheless collectively formed agglutinins in 1 of 30 cases at 10 – 12 days after primary stimulation, in 6 of 26 cases at 22 – 23 days after primary stimulation, and in 15 of 32 cases after secondary stimulation. The titers compared favorably with controls. Agglutinin responsive bursaless birds had secondary follicles in spleen and cecal tonsils and an impressive, if variably subnormal, development of lymphoepithelial tissue. By contrast, agglutinin negative bursaless birds lacked germinal centers and had only moderately to sparsely populated lymphoepithelia. This lymphocyte deficit was especially marked in the proctodeal and urodeal roofs and cecal tonsils. Plasmacytes in bursaless birds were rarely found in spleen but were always found in gut lymphoepithelia in numbers correlating with regional lymphoid cell

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synthesis of surface immunoglobulin by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells was studied in short‐term culture using radioactive amino acids and sugars. The membranal location of the nascent immunoglobulin was evidenced by the difference in the electrophoretic pattern of the membranal and cytoplasmic proteins, and by the absence of nascent surface immunoglobulin in cultures containing chain‐specific antibody. The nascent surface immunoglobulins comprised 7 S IgM and a large excess of free light chains of lambda type. Anti‐ü‐chain serum blocked the nascence of membranal IgM, while λ‐type as well as K‐type anti‐L‐chain sera blocked the nascence of both membranal IgM and free light chains. Radioactive glucosamine and mannose were not incorporated into the nascent surface immunoglobulin. There was no secretion of nascent proteins into t

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a thymic humoral factor (THF) on differentiation of thymus‐derived (T) lymphocytes was studied in various graft‐versus‐host models. It was demonstrated that THF, which is known to be capable of restoring immunocompetence of cells from neonatally thymectomized mice, does not act on lymphoid populations devoid of T cells. Immunologically defective lymphoid cells such as spleen cells obtained from mice treated with anti‐lymphocyte serum could be activated by THF byin vivoorin vitrointeraction. These experiments indicate that the target cell acted upon by THF is a T cell with a low level of immunocompetence. It is suggested that THF acts on young T cells and transforms them into mature T cells active in cell‐mediated immune reactions, presumably without substantial multi

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe primary immune response to dinitrophenylated mouse serum albumin (DNP8MSA, DNP32MSA) and dinitrophenylated bovine γ‐globulin (DNP12BGG) was investigated in different mouse strains. It was found that DNP12BGG elicits specific antibodies against 1) DNP, 2) new antigenic determinants (NAD) introduced by the hapten coupling reaction and 3) BGG. DNP8MSA induces specific antibodies against 1) DNP and 2) NAD, and DNP32MSA induces anti‐DNP antibodies only. Further evidence for regarding the haptenic groups and the NAD as distinct antigenic specificities was obtained in mice high or low responders to the haptens. These mice respond equally well to the NAD.The amount, class distribution and avidity of antibodies produced against DNP8MSA, DNP32MSA and DNP12BGG were studied and the results will be discussed in relation to the cooperation hypoth

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInteractions in tissue culture of sensitized C57BL spleen and DBA/2 mastocytoma cells have been studied by microcinematography, electronmicroscopy and light microscopy. Motile lymphocytes with their characteristic hand mirror shape move on the surface membrane of the target cells, establishing a close contact within a few minutes. As seen by electron microscopy and equidensitometry, the contact between the cells is very firm, leading to damage of the target cell membrane while leaving the effector cell intact. Analysis of time‐lapse cinematography shows that one motile lymphocyte has the capacity to lyse more than one target cell, a phenomenon which may account for the highly efficient surveillance mechanismin vivo. The role of soluble factors and the importance of the lymphocytic uropod in cellular interactions are discusse

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSheep immunoglobulins were purified and rabbit antisera specific for μ and γ heavy chains and light chains prepared. Lymphocytes obtained by cannulation of the efferent duct of the sheep popliteal node were labeledin vitrowith125I‐anti‐Ig antibodies. The percentage of lymphocytes labeling for μ, γ or light chains, was, in each case, approximately 20 – 25 %, but cells were most heavily‐labeled by anti‐μ chain and least by anti‐γ chain antibodies. As the sum of the proportions of cells labeling for μ and γ chains (total, 40.6 %) greatly exceeded that labeling for light chains (20.4 %), it was concluded that labeled cells had both γ and μ chains exposed on their surfaces, probably as IgG and IgM.Lymphocytes were titrated against anti‐μ or anti‐γ chain sera and means (± 1 standard deviation) of 19 200 ± 8200 molecules IgG and 14 700 ± 9300 molecules IgM (19 S, or 73 600 ± 46 800 molecules 8 S) were calculated to be exposed on the surface of each cell labeled by anti‐Ig antibodies.It is suggested that those cells from the sheep which bound anti‐Ig antibodies were bone marrow‐derived lymph

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnti‐p‐azophenylarsonate (anti‐Ar) antibodies arising in strain A mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin‐Ar have previously been shown to exhibit strong idiotypic cross‐reactions. The appearance of the cross‐reacting idiotype is suppressed by prior administration of antiidiotypic antibody, but a high titer of anti‐Ar antibodies lacking the idiotype is produced in response to the antigen. The present studies indicate that these antibodies do not share idiotype with anti‐Ar antibodies arising in other suppressed or nonsuppressed mice of the same strain. Strain A mice therefore produce at least 2 populations of anti‐Ar antibodies, one showing intrastrain cross‐reactions and the other being unique to each mouse. The results emphasize the great diversity of anti‐hapten antibodies produced within an inbred strain.Suppression persisted when 9 weeks were permitted to elapse between administration of antiidiotypic antibody and the first challenge with antigen. This gives further evidence that suppression takes place at a central level and not through simple neutralization by antiidiotypic antibody of anti‐Ar antibodies bearing the cross‐reactive idiotype. Suppression of idiotype is maintained for a t

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plaque inhibition method of measuring the affinity of single antibody‐forming cells (AFC) developed by Andersson has been modified for use with haptens. Using this method, it was possible to make simultaneous determinations of the relative affinities of IgG and IgM plaques during the primary and secondary responses.It was shown that there was no maturation of the affinity of antibody‐released IgM AFC in the primary response in mice. There was an increase in affinity of the antibody released from IgG AFC, which was antigen dose‐ and time‐dependent, confirming results obtained by others. Furthermore, at any time during the course of the primary response, the affinity of the IgM antibody released by AFC was always lower than that of IgG plaque‐forming cells. This difference averaged about 10‐fold.The same factors were shown to influence the affinity changes of IgG AFC observed during the secondary response. In addition the booster, or secondary dose of antigen used, was important. Highest affinity antibody was produced in response to intermediate antigen doses. The maturation of affinity affects the generation of memory cells to the same degree as the antibody‐secreting cells during the primary response, since similar affinity changes occurred in the absence of detectable primary responses.Finally, when the period between primary stimulation and challenge is 5 months, there is a decrease of between 2 and 2.6 log10in the concentrations of DNP lysine needed to inhibit 50 % of the IgG antibody‐forming cells depending on the doses used for priming. The variation of affinity of IgM antibody was much less obvious, with a 6‐fold difference at the maximum, which was independent of the doses of antigen used for priming or boosting, and of the time elapsed between the two

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY