摘要:

AbstractThe induction of tolerance to the 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten has been studied in a system utilizing haptenated syngeneic lymphoid cells. Specific depression of the direct and indirect plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses to TNP‐protein conjugates was regularly achieved by pretreatment of Lewis rats with 1 × 107trinitrophenylated spleen cells or TNP lymph node cells. Very low numbers of haptenated lymphocytes were active since tolerance could be induced in vivo with as few as 105−106TNP spleen cells (SC). SC exposed to as little as 10–100 μg of the reactive hapten, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, were effective tolerogens in this system. Tolerance induced with 107hapten‐ated spleen cells persisted for at least 4 weeks. Viable intact cells did not seem to be required in this system since the cell‐free supernatants from TNP‐SC cultured for 24 h were also active. In addition, significant depression of an ongoing immune response could also be imposed by haptenated isologous lymphoid cells. Moderate suppression of the “hapten‐specific” delayed hypersensitivity response (measured by the accumulation of51Cr‐labeled bone marrow cells) was also achieved with TNP‐SC. These results suggest that haptenated isologous lymphoid cells are potent tolerogenic conjugates capable of inducing tolerance affecting antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity. However, since we and others have shown that TNP‐SC do not adversely affect the generation of hapten‐specific cytotoxic T cells, it is postulated that there is a differential recognition of, or response to, hapten‐modified self‐carriers by functionally

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThese experiments demonstrate that the response of B lymphocytes to particulate antigenin vivocan depend on their stage of differentiation: B lymphocytes differentiating from stem cells were rendered tolerant, while mature B lymphocytes were primed under the same conditions. Lethally irradiated mice of one allotype were repopulated with 13–15 day fetal liver cells from congenic mice bearing another allotype and the effect of antigen on the emergence of responsive B cells determined. B cells, descended from the fetal liver inoculum (identified by their allotype) produced an antibody response to antigen in the presence of additional T cells, 15 days after transfer. Such a response could be prevented by injecting the recipient with alum‐precipitated antigen (but not with deaggregated antigen) shortly after irradiation and reconstitution. This unresponsive state was specific and independent of afferent suppressor mechanisms. Mature B cells, on the other hand, were shown to be primed by alum precipitated antigen in irradiated reconstituted hosts. It was concluded that a fundamental difference exists between the responsiveness of mature and differentiating B lymphocytes. Tolerance in differentiating B lymphocytes is discussed in relation to the acquisition of self‐tole

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lectins phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A used at their optimal mitogenic concentration, or human lymphocytes activated by the same mitogens, were found to suppress thein vitrogeneration of cytotoxic effectors when added to a cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) mixture during the first 48 h of culture. The data suggest that the suppressive mechanism is mediated to a greater extent by an allogeneic interaction between lectin‐activated cells and the allogeneic cells present in the CML mixture than by suppressor cells induced by the lectin. Since partial suppression was observed with supernatants of activated lymphocytes cultured for 18 h with allogeneic stimulating cells (but not activated lymphocytes alone), a soluble mediator may be involved in the suppressive mechanism. The mechanism of suppression therefore may be identical to the preemption phenomenon recently described in primary and secondary

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnti‐a 2 sera raised in a3 rabbits are shown to detect determinants on a2 molecules which are different from those detected by anti‐a 2 sera raised in al animals.The former determinants are occasionally observed at a low level in rabbits of the al allotype and at a high level in sera ofLeporidaeof different genera. The two types of anti‐a 2 sera are shown to compete for the same sterical region of the a2 molecules. All homogeneous a2 molecules which have been tested show both types of determi

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe expression of HLA, human and mouse β2‐microglobulin (β2m), P red blood cell antigen and a receptor for marmoset red blood cells (MaRBC) were studied on 18 man/mouse and man/Chinese hamster hybrids. A positive correlation was found between the expression of HLA, P, and the receptor for MaRBC, which we interpret as a possible synteny between these different loci. We studied 3 hybrid clones where HLA antigens are still expressed despite the absence of human β2m and where redistribution experiments demonstrate that HLA is associated with mouse β2m. Synteny between HLA and the receptor for MaRBC can be a useful tool to select HLA‐positive hybrid

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of HLA‐D ‐associated antisera on stimulating lymphocytes when cultured together with allogeneic primed responding lymphocytes were investigated. The responding lymphocytes were primed for either the HLA‐Dw2 or Dw3 determinants. The presence of HLA‐D ‐associated (la‐like) antibodies during the culture period specifically inhibited the stimulatory capability of lymphocytes possessing the HLA‐D determinants with which the antisera were apparently reacting, as long as the stimulating cells carried the determinant for which the responding cells were primed. HLA‐D ‐associated antisera of other specificities caused no decrease in the stimulatory capability. These antisera, therefore, apparently contain antibodies which are reactive with determinants closely associated or identical to the HLA‐D determinants and may be human analogues to th

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLymph‐borne immunoblasts were labeledin vitrowith125I[ ] iodo‐deoxy‐uridine, washed and returned by intravenous injection to the sheep from which they had been collected. Twenty h later the sheep were killed and the distribution of the immunoblasts was determined by assaying the radioactivity in various organs.Immunoblasts from the efferent lymph of peripheral somatic lymph nodes (PSLN) went mainly t o the spleen, lungs and other PSLN, while immunoblasts from intestinal lymph went mainly to the small gut. This ability of intestinal immunoblasts t o home t o the gut was demonstrated also in the sterile environment of fetusesin utero; apparently the migratory behavior of immunoblasts, like that of small lymphocytes, is not primarily “antigen‐driven”.A technique was devised for the collection of peripheral (i.e.afferent to the mesenteric node) intestinal lymph which was found to contain 10–20 times the numbers of small lymphocytes that occur in the peripheral lymph from other tissues. Immunoblasts from peripheral intestinal lymph also homed to the gut.The immunoglobulin content of immunoblasts was studied by making detergent extracts of lymph cells, by applying immuno‐peroxidase techniques t o cell films and by investigating the incorporation of14C‐labeled amino acids into immunoglobulins by immunoblastsin vitro.Immunoblasts from both somatic and intestinal lymph contained and made IgG and IgM, but many intestinal immunoblasts contained and made IgA. It is not known whether this immunoglobulin mediates the extravasation of immunoblasts into the gut. Nonetheless, there is compelling evidence that there are two major migratory pathways for lymphoid cells; one through the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and the other through the somatic‐spl

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe eliciting of suppressor cell activity by heat‐treated stimulating cells demonstrates that suppression can be induced by an antigenic but non‐effective mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) stimulusin vitro.Simultaneous or prior MLC or cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is not required for alloantigen‐induced suppressor cell activ

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGood responder (C57Br/cd) and poor responder (C57BL/10) mice were immunized with mouse thyroid extract in Freund's complete adjuvant. The good responder mice first showed antibody to thyroglobulin on the seventh day while the poor responder animals had slightly lower titers and antibody did not appear until day 12. The first signs of thyroid infiltration appeared on day 4 in the responder strain, and severe lesions were seen between the third and fifth week. In contrast, the poor responder mice showed almost no evidence of infiltration. The macrophage disappearance reaction, a measure of cell‐mediated immunity, was similar in the responder and nonresponder strain

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRNA‐driven complementary DNA (cDNA) hybridization experiments have been carried out in order to detect complementary sequences in RNA prepared from a mouse T cell lymphoma line (EL4). In conditions where efficient hybridization of L‐chain cDNA with homologous P3 myeloma mRNA was observed, poor hybridization was observed with EL4 mRNA unless a low criterion of hybrid formation was employed (i.e. hydroxyapatite fractionation). The hybrid formed between EL4 mRNA and L‐chain cDNA was found to melt about 5 °C below the homologous hybrid indicating that the sequence detected in EL4 mRNA is similar but not identical with the P3 mRNA sequence. However, a similar sequence was detectable in a Cλ‐producing myeloma cell line but in this line the concentration of the sequence was found to be an order of magnitude lower than in

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830070111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY