摘要:

258 THE ANALYST. REVIEWS. PRACTICAL MEAT AND FOOD INSPECTION. By WILLIAN ROBERTSON, M.D. (Glasgow), D.P.H. London : BailliAre, Tindall and Cox, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. 1908. Pp. x + 372. Price 10s. 6d. net. The lack of uniformity in the control of the meat and milk supplies of this country is certainly satisfactory to neither the retailer nor tho consumer, and the author has endeavoured in the present treatise to stimulate the interest of the student of public health in this important subject. The first few chapters describe the general arrangements of farm-buildings, cowsheds, pigsties, and slanghterhouses, and discuss the causes influencing the quality and quantity of the milk yielded by cows. The author’s account of the conditions existing in certain milking-sheds that have come under his observation is an eloquent indictment of the present system of legislation that enables a slovenly dairyman to continue on his course practically nnchecked.Dr. Robertson emphasises the fact that, if due care and cleanliness be observed during the milking, and the milk itself filtered and chilled, the addition of preservatives is quite unnecessary. This view is one that Public Analysts have long maintained, and there is little doubt that, if the addition of preservatives were entirely prohibited, both the farmers and milk-dealers would be compelled to devote more attention to cleanliness. Brief accounts of the processes employed in the preparation and preservation of fish for the market, of the diseases most commonly met with in the abattoir, and a, description of the ordinary animal parasites, complete the first section of the work.The latter half calls for little in the way of review, consisting mainly of reprints of the various Acts relating to the subject, with notes and references to legal decisions in cases instituted under them. The footnotes given here are by lfr. R. R. Miller, S.S.C., the Public Prosecutor of Leith Burgh. They are clearly and concisely expressed, and should add to the value of the book, both to the student of public health, for whom it is primarily intended, and also to all those connected with the administration of the laws relating to food inspection and adnlteration. P. 9. E. R. THE LABORATORY BOOK OF MINERAL OIL TESTING. By JAMES A. Hrcss. London : In this little book of about 70 pages the author describes the standard methods and apparatus €or determining the specific gravity, flashing-point, and ‘‘ viscosity ” (really the time of efflux under definite conditions) of mineral oils, together with sundry other tests, including methods of estimating or measuring the colour of oils, of ascertaj iiing the relation between the temperature and pressure of petroleum vctpour in closed vessels, detecting petroleum vapour in air, measuring bhe capillary power of kerosene and lamp-wicks, determining the melting-point of paraffin scale and wax, ar,d the calorific value of oils by means of the bomb calorimeter.As is gathered from the Introduction by Sir Boverton Redwood, the book has been Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd. Price 2s.6d. net.THE ANALYST. 259 written mainly with the object of bringing about greater uniformity in the methods of making tests which are largely empirical, and with a view to preventing disputes between buyers and sellers arising from differences of procedure ; and it will no doubt be found very useful by all who are called upon to test mineral oils, especially those who have not an expert knowledge of this branch of commercial work. I n the table on page 1 it may not be obvious to everyone that “R.O.” at the head of column 5 stands for rape oil. Tables are given for converting the degrees of two types of Beaum6 hydrometer into specific gravities; but, as is pointed out, other types are in use, and the formula3 given in different books for converting their degrees into specific gravities unfortunately do not always agree, so that it would appear essential to exercise particular care in the use of this type of hydrometer, if it be necessary to use it at all.For determining the flashing-points of metal polishes and other mixtures containing petroleum (pp. 17-23), it may be mentioned that an Order in Council, No. 483, has been issued since this book was published, specifying the use of a, modified Abel cup fitted with a revolving stirrer. For determining sulphur in oils the bomb calorimeter is recommended ; but in the writer’s experience a bomb of the type described on page 61, which has been much used, may have become quite unsuitable for the purpose, owing to the persistence with which sulphur is retained by the enamelled lining.The description of the Thurston oil-tester, much too brief to be of any use, might have been omitted without detracting from the usefulness of the book. L. A. TECHNICAL METHODS OF ORE ANALYSIS. By ALBERT H. LOW. Third Edition. Partly re-written, 1908. New York: John Wiley and Sons. London: Chapman and Hall. Well-known methods of technical ore analysis are so much subject to irnprove- meiit, and new methods are so constantly being introduced, that a new edition of this work, although the previous one was less than two years old, will be welcomed by all. The author, in addition to being recognised in America as an authority on such matters, has been singularly fortunate in the assistance given him by those who have supplied detaiIs of their own methods and improvements, and each edition of his work has been brought thoroughly up to date.This fact is evident throughout the book, but particularly in the Appendix, where recent methods, such as that of Rowel1 for the estimation of antimony, and certain r:iodifications of old methods, are described, and where, at the last moment, even a slip-note has been bound in. I t is soinewhat curious, however, that several old methods, such as Moore’s method for nickel and the bismuthate method for manganese, should appear in an appendix. Among the most valuable features of the work are the completeness of the details of procedure in cases where even a slight deviation from routine methods is recommendod, and the frequent references to the practice adopted by agreement between well-known groups of analysts, such as iron and steel works’ analysts, Colorado smelting-plant assayers, etc.The fact that certain methodrr, or groups of methods, have been agreed upon by specialists in such work is at least a proof that Price 12s. Gd. net.260 THE ANALYST. the methods may be adopted with safety for certain ores or products, even though itr some cases they are not applicable €or all-round use. Although the book is devoted mainly to ore analysis, those who are working upon such materials as furnace products, metals and alloys, fluxes, and rock-forming minerals, will find much to guide them ; and very brief, but still distinctly useful and practical, sections are devoted to boiler-water, coal, and coke, and even petroleum. I t is interesting and instructive to compare this work with the excellent but obsolete ultra-scientific treatises on analysis in vogue twenty years ago.Where an assay of pig-iron for phosphorus, manganese, and sulphur has to be reported within thirty minutes of receipt of sample, or an almost complete analysis of a slag is required in three hours, older methods must give place to new, and the necessity for good as well as quick work has resulted in the introduction of large numbers of modifications or entirely new processes in which accuracy is in no way subordinated to speed. For this reason a perusal of the book will be found useful, even by those to whom speed is of little importance. G. T. H. OFFICIAL CHEMICAL APPOINTMENTS, THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BHITAIN AND IRELAND, 30, Bloornsbury Square, London, W.C., 1908.Corn- piled by Richard B. Pilcher, Registrar and Secretary of the Institute, by direction of the Council and under the supervision of the Proceedings Committee. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. Price 2s. net. Fost free, 2s. 3d. This publication contains a list of official appointments which are held by professional chemists, including professors and teachers of chemistry, in all parts of the British Empire. I n the preparation of the second edition, the scheme adopt'ed in the first, which was published in June, 1906, has been adhered t o ; the informa- tion has been carefully corrected, and considerable additions have been made, including an alphabetical index of names. The list is arranged in two main divisions : The first contains appointments in Great Britain and Ireland, under the various Departments of State, Local Authorities and Public Institutions, and the teaching appointments in Universities, Colleges, Technological Institations, Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Colleges, and in Public and Secondary Schools.The second contains professional and teaching appointments in the Empire of India, the Dominion of Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia, the British Colonies and Protectorates, and in Egypt and the Sudan provinces, together with an Appendix giving concise information as to Societies and Institutions for the advance- ment of chemical science and of professional chemical interests. I n many instances particulars are given as to the Acts of Parliament under which the appointments are made, and the regulations and conditions governing the selection of candidates for them. Intended primarily for the use of professional chemists, and those who con- template the practice of chemistry as a profession, the publication will be found useful by authorities and others interested in the applications of chemistry to State purposes, and in the promotion of higher education in the science.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9083300258

出版商:RSC    

年代:1908

数据来源: RSC