摘要:

THE ORGAN OF THE ALFRED H. ALLEN F.I.C. EDWARD J. BEVAN F.I.C. BERTRAM BLOUNT F.I.C. ALFRED C. CHAPMAN F.I.C. Societ3/ of Pzdli'c A;tza&sts. WILLIAM CEATTAWBY F.I.C. BERNARD DYER D.Sc. F.I.C. OTTO HEHNER F.I.C. E. W. VOELCKER F.I.C. A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT O F ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE : VOLUME X X V I I . 1902. S I M P K I N MARSHALL HAMILTON K E N T &. GO. LTD., 16 JAMES STREET HAYMARKET LONDON S.W ERRATA. Page 87 fourth line from bottom for (‘ 100 c.c.” read “ 1,000 c.c.” Page 236 fifth line from bottom for “ Victoria ” read ‘‘ Nelson. INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. ABBOTT J. W. 3Iethocl for the estimation of metallic impurities in Condensed Abel Sir F. Death of 293 Absinthes Composition and Analysis of 55 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN OTHER JOURNALS 8 54 88 120 153 192 225, Acetanilide in Urine Detection of 20 Acetylsalicylic Acid 58 Acid Acetylsalicylic 58 Milk 357 248 275 298 324 357 Arsenic Action of boiling Hydrochloric Acid upon 268 Arsenious Colorinietric method of determining 335 Benzoic and alkali Benzoates in Food Detection of 56 Boric Action of on the Digestion 272 2 Determination of 34 7 ~- Direct gravimetric 103 ~ --- -- 9 - Excretion of from the body Quantitative estimations of the 273 - 1 - and Borax Action of on Human beings and animals 271 - - in Butter Rapid estimation of 179 - - present in Hams which have been stored in powdered Borax or Boric 7 Influence of on the utilization of Food 273 - its salts Use of as Food Preservatives 271 - -7 _I -Acid Amount of 274 Carbonic Gas-volumetric niethod of determining free and combined 102 Chromic Detection of by means of Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Citric Stahre’s reaction for 196 Gallic in Tanning materials Detection of 95 Hydrochloric Note on the purification of from Arsenic 233 Vanadic Acid 73 - --_ Chlorides Silver and Phosphates Gas-volumetric method oc determining 72 normal etc.36 9 or Nitric Acid Method for preparing strictly tenth-normal fifth- in Sweet Cassava 9 - -- Hydrocyanic Determination of 303 Hydrofluoric Determinations of the strength of aqueous solutions of 101 Lactic in the Gastric juice Detection and estimation of 160 blolybdic Determination of after reduction with Hydriodic Acid 233 7 - -_ - CZHydroxybutyric in Urine Estimation of 63 - Nitric Colorimetric estimation of 10 iv INDEX TO VOLUME XXI-11.L4cid Nitric Detection of in the presence of an alkali-metal ferrocyanide or ferricyanide 290 - 7 or Hydrochloric Acid Method for preparing strictly tenth-normal fifth-normal etc. 36 Oleic Molecular equivalent of 362 OxiLlic in Urine Determination of 332 __ Palmitic Molecular equivalent of 362 - Phosphoric Determination of as phospho-molybdic anhydride 32 7 7 7 - Influence of Potassium ferrocyanide on the precipitation of 290 - Use of in analysis of Iron alloys 162 - in Milk etc. Notes on the estimation of 89 - 7 in Soil Estimation of by the GGtz process 31 Prussic in Sweet Cassava 9 Salicylcarboxylic Ethyl Ester of 57 Salicylic and Saccharin in Foods Detection of 277 Selenious Behaviour of in the Marsh Apparatus 339 Stearic Molecular equivalent of 362 Sulphuric Free and combined Gas-volumetric method of determining 102 - as an adulterant in Oil of Lavender 327 - new volumetric method for the determination - Use of as a solvent for minerals rich in Arsenic Iron and Lead 336 - in Soils Determination of 307 - in soluble sulphates Volumetric method for the estimation of 307 - in dried Fruits Estimation of 226 - ~ _ _ of 290 ? , - 2 Sulphurous of Beer Notes on the 326 9 -- Tartaric in Cream of Tartar Estimation of 119 - Uric and Urates Oxidation and estimation of 333 __ - in Urine Determination of 332 Jolles’ process for the estimation of 97 __- and Alkali titration Rubrescin a new Indicator for 228 - solutions Methods of standardizing 36 Acids Fatty Molecular equivalent of insoluble 362 - - and Glycerides Hexabromides of 237 - Hydrochloric and Hydrocyanic Quantitative separation of 162 - Nitric and Nitrous Behaviour of with Brucine and Sulphuric Acid 162 - and Alkalies &!Iicrochemical detection of 289 Ackroyd W.Marsh-Berzelius Arsenic deposit 306 Aconitine in certain preparations of Aconite Determination of 299 Airogen 58 Airol 58 Albumin Bromine and Iodine values of 18 -__ in Urine Reagent for 257 Alcock F. H. Preservation of volumetric solutions of Sodium thiosulphate 196 ~ - - and Wilkins W. Test for Phenacetin 360 Alcohol Methyl in Formalin Detection and estimation of 60 - Nicloux’s method of determining 125 - in Sulphuric Ether Estimation of 56 Alcohols Separation of Terpene from their Esters by means of Sodium salicylate 93 - - or Phenols Estimation of 60 Aldehyde Formic Detection of 227 -~ -_ Estimation of 329 - 1 7 Gravimetric determination of 93 -8 - in articles of Food Rapid detection of 19 INDEX TO VOLUNE XXVII.V Aldehyde Formic in Milk Modification of the Sulphuric Acid test for 8 Alfthan. See Von Alfthan Alkali Titration of free in the presence of nitrites 338 - and Acid titration Rubrescin a new Indicator for 228 -_ works Analyses required for an electrolytic 288 Alkalies and Acids Microchemical deiection of 289 -_ in Waters Indirect estimation of 137 Alkalimetry Gas-volumetric method of 340 .Alkaloids Extraction of from acid solutions and salts of the Alkaloids from aqugous solutions 367 --__- 2 - alkaline solutions 366 Formaldehyde and Sulphuric Acid as a test for 12 Method of determining the solubility of 159 in Cinchona Bark etc.Estimation of 226 - in toxicology Comparison of the Stas-Obto and Kippenberger methods of - Metallic salts and Proteids Precipitation of by extracts of Coffee and - of Ipecacuanha Certain reactions of the 345 illlard G. Analysis of alkali Persulphates 7 1 -illen A. H. Action of boiling Hydrochloric Acid upon Arsenic Acid 270 -- Colour of Water 296 -- Contribution to a knowledge of the chemistry ~f Cider 183 -- Detection of Arsenic 210 -- Estimation of Platinum Gold and Silver in alloys 265 -- Fluorides as Butter Preservatives 178 -- Oxidized Oils 145 -- and Scott-Smith G.E. Analysis of preparations containing Opium 350 -- - Certain reactions of the -4lkaloids of Ipecacu-Alloxanphenols 57 Allspice Analysis of 54 Almond Oil Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 Aloes Detection of in pharmaceutical preparations 193 -_ Identification of 194 Aloins in Aloes Determination of 250 -lloy J. Colour reaction of Uranium salts arid Hydrogen peroxide 288 - Precipitation of metals by Bismuth oxide 161 Aluminium hydroxide Solubility of in solutions of Sodium or Ammonium salicylate 30 -- sulphate Valuation of commercial 100 Alums Volumetric estimation of Alumina and free and combined Sulphuric Acid Amido-Sugars Isolation of 13 Ammonia Arsenic in aqueous Presence of 101 PI_- Determination of albuniinoid and proteid 281 -.in Urine Estimation of 20 Ammonium carbonate Presence of Copper in powdered 158 - vanadate precipitation of by means of Ammonium chloride 371 - with Cadmium Cobalt Manganese and Zinc Volumetric determination And& L. E. Larch Turpentine and Venice Turpentine 254 Andouard A. and P. Adulteration of Turpentine with '' white spirit," 127 Animal Fats Detection of Vegetable Oils in by means of the Phytosterol acetate detecting 195 Tea 259 anha 345 in 230 of the double phosphates of 286 test 9 vi INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Animal Oils Detection of drying and marine 14 Aniodol 57 Aniseed Oil of Notes on 366 Anthracene Detection of Carbazol and Phenanthrene in 366 Anthranilic Methyl Ester Estimation of 329 Antiethylin 58 Antimony Determination of Tin and its separation from 336 - 2 ~ - Tin Copper and Lead in alloys Separation of 99 - traces of in the presence of large quantities of Arsenic 65 Antipyrine salicylate 59 Antiseptic solutions Estimation of Mercury in 11 APPARATUS.Apple Chemical analysis of the and some of its products 121 Apricots Colouring matter and Sugar of 325 Aquinol 57 Xraban Behaviour of towards Fehliag’s solution 301 Arabinose Quantitative estimation of 196 Arachis Oil Iodine value of 199 Archbutt L. Determination of Carbon in Steel by direct combustion 5 Archetti A. Determination of Hydrocyanic Acid 303 Areo-pyknometer New 371 Argentum thiohydrocarburo-sulphonicuia 57 Armingeat P. L L ~ Z C ~ Darzens G. Separation of Terpene Alcohols from their Esters Arndt K.Titration of free alkali in the presence of Nitrites 338 Arnold C. and hlentzel C. Detection of Formaldehyde 227 Old and new reactions of Ozone 291 ARSTKACTS 37 108 132 163 208 234 292 309 342 371 by means of Sodium salicylate 93 Rapid detection of Formaldehyde in articles of Food, Aromatic bases as precipitauts for rare earth metals 288 Arsenic Discussion on the report of the Joint Committee of the Society of Chemical Industry and Public Analysts on the determination of minute quantities of 210 -_ Note on the purification of Hydrochloric Acid from 233 ~- Quantitative determination of small quantities of 335 ____- Acid action of boiling Hydrochloric Acid upon 268 -- Committee 7 ~ - - deposit Marsh-Berzelius 306 ~- in aqueous Aimnonia Presence of 101 ~- in Beer 84 192 Brewing materials Food-stuffs and Fuels Report of the conjoint Committee on the detection and approsiinate estimation of minute quantities of 48 - in toxicology Estimation of 250 Arsenious Acid Colorimetric method of determining 335 Aspirin Tincture of S7 Atmosphere Xote on st convenient apparatus for the cheinical and bacteriological Atrabilin 59 Auchy G.Note on the determination of Molybdenum in Steel 205 Autenrieth W. nnc7 Barth H. Determination of Oxalic Acid in Urine 332 Auzcnat R. Determination of Sulphur in Iron Pyrites 206 Avenose 59 __ Selmi’s process for the determination of 251 examination of the 24 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. vi i Bacteriology Manual of Determinative Review 39 Baker J. Determination of Arsenic 211 - Artificial Coffee berries 116 Balance New weighing-out 134 Balbiano L.and Paolini V. Olefines and Naphthenes in Petroleum 61 Ballantyne H. Oxidized oils 145 Barbaloin Chlor-acetyl derivative of 250 Barbier - Myrcenol 18 Barillt-5 A, Composition of Kissi Pepper 298 Barium in Mineral Waters containing sulphates Presence of 231 _____ Sodium etc. Peroxides of Iodometric valuation of the 338 Bark Estimation of Alkaloids in Cinchona 226 Barth H. c ~ n d Autenrieth W. Determination of Oxalic Scid in Urine 332 Basol 58 Battaglia L. Characteristics of Tomato-seed Oil 61 Bau A. Recognition of Pasteurized Beer 156 Bayley 0. Pearks Gunston and Tee (Ltd.). Milk-blended Butter case 167 Bechi or Silver nitrate test on Olive Oils Note on the use of the 198 Beckmann E.Estimation of Fuse1 Oil in Brandy or other Alcoholic Liquors 88 Beckmann’s Thermometer with Kiihn’s additional scale 311 Beef Fat Constants of Roast Corned and Smoked 225 __- Stearine in Lard Belfield’s test for 247 Beer Arsenic in 84 - Recognition of Pasteurized 156 -~ Brewing materials Food-stufls and Fuels Report of the conjoint Committee on the detection and approximate estimation of minute quantities of Arsenic in 48 - So-called Honey Dextrin 90 Iodine numbers of 157 Notes on the Sulphurous Acid of 326 Beeswax EEect of bleaching on the constants of 300 Reger C. Estimation of Fat in Food-stuffs 120 Behrens H. Detection of Carbazol and Phenanthrene in Anthracene 366 Belfield’s test for Beef-Stearine in Lard 247 Bellach V. Technical estimation of Silver bromide in photographic dry plates 369 Henedict F.G. and Manning C. R. Chemical method for obtaining reduced Benz F. Rapid method for estimatiug Thorium in Monazite sand 207 Benzoates Alkali and Benzoic Acid in Food Detection of 56 Benzoic Acid and Alkali Benzoates in Food Detection of 56 Ben zo y lvin yldiace t onealk amin e 123 Berberine Notes on the estimation of 91 Berg R. Effect of bleaching on the constants of Beeswax 300 Bergamot Oil of Notes on 364 Z3ergel1 P. Estimation of P-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Urine 63 Eertault - Detection of Indican in Urine 160 200 Beryllium Separation of 287 Beythien A. and Bohrisch P Estimation of Sulphurous Acid in dried Fruits 226 i{ieaend R. Detection of Cadmium and Zinc by blowpipe tests 337 ____- Xercury assay 334 Xnda C.Detection of Phosphorus in cases of Poisoning 92 Binz A. a~zcl Runx F. Estimation of Indigotin on Fabrics 302 Eismal 58 Bismuth Electrolytic determination of 261 Pressures 31 viii INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Bismuth in ores Volumetric Estimation of 130 oxide Precipitation of metals by 161 with Tellurium Compounds of and the quantitative separation of the two elements 262 Bismuthum subgallicum 59 Bleach and chlorate liquors Estimation of chlorates in electrolytic 30 Blood Guaiacum test for 329 -_ Human Differentiation of from the Blood of Animals 194 - -. Specific sera for 250 - Serum test for Notes on the in forensic cases 278 - albumin Bromine and Iodine values of 18 - -Colouring matters in Urine Detection of 367 Blount B.Determination of Carbon in Steel by direct combustion I Blowpipe tests Notes on some 107 Blue Prussian in Spent Oxide Determination of 339 Blyth M. W. Detection of artificial Colouring matters in fresh and sour Milk 147 Boarding-house Government scientific 313 Bocarius N. Forensic value of -_ Nature of the substance which causes the formation of “Florence’s Bodmer R. Determination of Arsenic 210 Bohrisch P. aid Beythien A. Estimation of Sulphurous Acid in dried Fruits 226 Bolsing F. aizd Verley A. Estimation of Alcohols or Phenols 60 Bomer A. Detection of Vegetable Oils in Animal Fats by means of the Phytosterol acetate test 94 BOOKS REVIEWS OF : - Proposed standardization of methods of chemical analysis 318 Florence’s Crystals,” 360 Crystals ” 36 1 .Chester F. D. Manual of determinative Bacteriology 39 Geerligs H. C. P. Cane-Sugar and the procefis of its manufacture in Java, Henius M. and Wahl R. American Handy Book of the Brewing Malting, Higginson C. J. Food and Drugs 2nd edition 136 Hollman Dr. A. F. Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry 315 Lewkowitsch Dr. J. Laboratory companion to Fats and Oils Industries 112 Mason W. P. Water-supply considered principally from a sanitary stand-Oppenheimer C. translated by Mitchell C. A. Ferments and their nses 73 Rideal S. Sewage and the Bacteriological purification of Sewage 2nd Rijn. See Van Rijn Russell H. L. und Turneaure F. E. Public Water Supplies 39 Val1 Rijn Dr. J. J. L. Composition of Dutch Butter 136 Wahl R. aad Henius M. American Handy Book of the Brewing Malting, 2nd edition 372 and auxiliary Trades 74 point 3rd edition 315 edition 74 and auxiliary Trades 74 Borax Influence of on Metabolism in Man 273 -_ Behaviour of when distilled with Methyl Alcohol 34 -- and Boric Acid Action of on human beings and animals 271 Eordas F.and De Raczkowski S. Determination of Lecithin in Milk 325 Boric Acid Action of on the Digestion 272 - Determination of 34 - Excretion of from the body Quantitative estimations of the 273 - Influence of on the utilization of Food 273 7 Direct gravimetric 103 - --___I INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. ix Boric Acid and Borax Action of on human beings and animals 271 - its salts Use of as Food Preservatives 271 - in Butter Rapid estimation of 179 - present in Hams which have been stored in powdered Borax or Boric Bourquelot E.Detection of Cane-Sugar in Vegetable substances by means of Inver- Reactions for the identification of certain Drugs 194 Brakes J. Volumetric Determination of Molybdenum in &! olybdenum Steel and Brandy and other Alcoholic Liquors Estimation of Fuse1 Oil in 88 Brearley H. and Ibbotsm F. Estimation of Tin in White-metal Alloys 25 Bremer W. Kijnig J. and Spieckermann A. Decomposition of Food materials by Brevans. See De Brevans Brewing Malting and auxiliary Trades American Handy Book of the Review Ti4 Acid Amount of 274 tase and of Glucosides by means of Emulsin 62 Ferro-Molybdenum 305 -_____ Volumetric estimation of Manganese 69 Micro-organisms. Part I. Fat-consuming Micro-Organisms 10 materials Beer Food-stuffs and Fuels Report of the conjoint Committee on the detection and approximate estimation of minute quantities of Arsenic in 48 Briant L.Fluorides as Preservatives 178 Bridge Smithies v. Milk of inferior quality from a single cow 171 British Columbia Bureau of Mines Aniendnient Act of 1899 Examination under -- Institute of Assayers 112 Bromine and Iodine Detection of in the presence of thiosulphates 338 Bromipin 58 Bromphenylate 58 Brom-tannin-gelatin 59 Rrowne C. A. Chemical analysis of the Apple and some of its products 121 Browning P. F. Determination of Czsium and Rubidium as bisulphate and of Brunck O. Electrolytic determination of Bismuth 261 Biichner's Funnel Improved 292 Buffalo and Sheep Butter Lard and Walnut Oil Some analyses of Bulgarian 9 Burette-Calibrator Modified form of the Ostwald 37 Burgess W.T. Alkaline Waters from the Lower Greensand 218 -_____ Note on a simple apparatus for approximately estimating the Colours Burk W. E. Quantitative deterniination of Fluorine in Fluorides easily decompos-Burstyn W. Pressure Regulator for distillation under diminished pressure 163 -- Receiver for Fractional Distillation under diminished pressure 132 Burton and Sons (Ltd.) J. v. Mattinson Amount of Water in Margarine 169 Busch M. Herzig and Meyer's method of determining Methyl 251 Butter Apple Analysis of 122 -__ Bulgarian Buffalo and Sheep Lard and Walnut Oil Some analyses of 9 - - Cacao Composition of 198 the 40 236 Potassium and Sodium as pyrosulphate 70 of Waters 294 able by Sulphuric Acid 72 Boric Acid in Estimation of 179 -_ Glycerides in Occurrence of mixed 15 Cocoanut Oil in true Detection of 8 Dutch Analysis of 248 Milk-blended 84 -_ Constants of 200 -- - Composition of Rezjiew 13 X INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII Butter Starch as an adulterant or drier i n 121 cases Milk-blended Bayley 8.Pearks Gunston and Tee 167 ; Hayes v. Rule and Law 165; Hennen v. Southern Counties Dairies Company (Ltd.), 164; Pearks Gunston and Tee v. Roughton 110; Pearks Gunston and Tee v. Ward 164 Fat Separation and estimation of cholesterol in 358 from Human Milk Characteristics of 200 Preservatives Fluorides as with observations on their influence on artificial regulations 83 Digestion 173 Byron T. H. Use of Phosphoric Acid in analysis of Iron alloys 162 Bystropogon Origanifolius Oil of Notes on.366 Cacao Butter Composition of 198 ~ - _ - Glycerides in Occurrence of mixed 15 Cachou Tincture of Identification of 194 Cadmium Reagent for 68 - and Zinc Detection of by blowpipe tests 337 - Cobalt Manganese and Zinc Volumetric determination of the double phosphates of Ammonium with 286 C2esium and Rubidium Determination of as bisulphate 70 Caff'eine Estimation of 359 Caines C. M. and Squire P. W, Acetic Acid test for Oil of Turpentine 277 Cakes Pastry etc. Detection of Coal-Tar Colours in 276 Calcium hypophosphite Behaviour of in the animal system 124 Calibrator Burette- Modified form of the Ostwald 37 Cameron Sir C. A. Some notes on the analysis of Drugs 87 Campbell E. D. Rotary Cement Kiln for use in the laboratory 207 Camphor Oils Notes on 364 Candle-nut Oil 62 Cane-Sugar in Vegetable substances Detection of by means of Invertase 62 Carbazol and Phenanthrene in Anthracene Detection of 366 Carbon Determination of in the presence of Osmium 234 To distinguish the different varieties of 284 in Steel Determination of by direct combustion 1 Carbouic Acid Gas-volumetric method of determining free and combined 102 Carles P.Presence of Barium in mineral Waters containing snlphates 231 Carmody - Prussic Acid in Sweet Cassava 9 Carpenter F. P. Analysis of crude Sulphur 306 Casein Bromine and Iodine values of 18 Cassava Sweet Prussic Acid in 9 Castor Oil Iodine value of 199 Cazeneuve P. Detection of Chrome Yellow in dyed Cotton 22 Cellulose New method for the determination of 256 Cement Kiln Rotary for use in the laboratory 207 Cephaeline Reactions of 349 Cereals Determination of Starch in 8 Ceresin Parafin Fats Oils Soaps etc.Quantitative estimation of Colophony in 252 Ceria from mixtures of rare earths New method of separating 232 Cerny Z. Detection of Peptone in Urine 64 Chapman - Mannitic Eerinentation of Wine 42 Chatelan A. Combined apparatus for extraction and recovery of the solvent 109 Determination of the precipitated by Rennet 357 - Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 36 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xi Chattaway W. Analysis of preparations containing Opium 353 -_ and Wharton F. MI. Note on a convenient apparatus for the chemical and bacteriological examination of the atmosphere 243 Chemical analysis Proposed standardization of methods of 318 Cherry juice in Raspberry juice and Red Wines Detection of 10 Chester F.D. Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 39 Chininum lygosinatum 57 Chlopin G. W. Alleged poisonous properties of “ Mandarin ” and ‘‘ Metanil Chlorate and Bleach liquors Estimation of Chlorates in electrolytic 30 Chlorides Hydrochloric Acid Silver and Phosphates Gas-volumetric method of Chlorine Estimation of Apparatus for the volumetric 313 Chlorosonin 58 Cholesterin New reaction for 331 -- and Phytosterin from mixtures of Fatty and Mineral Oils Separation __I_- from Fats Quantitative separation of 198 Cholesterol New colour reaction for 94 - in Butter Fat Separation and estimation of 358 Chrome Yellow in dyed Cotton Detection of 22 Chromic Acid Detection of by means of Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Cider Apple Analysis of 122 - Chemistry of Contribution to a knowledge of the 183 - jelly Analysis of 122 Cinchona Bark etc.Estimation of Alkaloids in 226 Cinnamyl-m-Cresol 57 Citric Acid Stahre’s reaction for 196 Civet Examination of 368 Cloves Analysis of 54 Coal-Gas Hydrogen sulphide in Estimation of 22 Yellow,” 158 determining 72 of 251 (Phytosterinj from Fats Quantitative separation of 16 Vanadic Acid 73 Sulphnretted Hydrogen in Detection and estimation of minute quantities of 219 -Tar Colours in Pastry Cakes etc. Detection of 276 - preserved Fruits (Jams) Marmalade etc. Detection of 276 derivatives and Morphine Colour reactions of certain with Formaldehyde and Sulphuric Acid 96 Cobalt Reagent for 68 -_- Test for New qualitative 262 -- and Nickel Modification of Rose’s method of separating 285 - Zinc Quantitative separation of 306 -_- Cadmium Manganese and Zinc Volumetric determination of the double phosphates of Ammonium with 286 Cocoa Detection of red Sanders (Sandal) wood in 276 Cocoanut Oil in true Butter Detection of 8 Cod-liver Oil Refractometer number for 327 - Oil Iodine value of 199 Coffee berries Note on a sample of artificial 114 -_ containing added Starch Note on samples of 114 Coff eino-natrium-salicylicum 59 shell Analysis of 54 - in ground Spices Detection of powdered 5 xii INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII.Cognac Cholin test for 275 Colloidal substances Gold reagent for 98 Colophony in Fats Oils Soaps Ceresio Paraffin etc.Quantitative estimation of, Colouring matter and Sugar of Apricots 325 Colours Coal-Tar in Pastry Cakes etc. Detection of 276 - 9 -- in preserved Fruits (Jams) Marmalade etc. Detection of 276 Colza Oil Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 Condenser for volatile or noxious liquids 343 Coppadoro A. Precipitation of Ferrous sulphide by means of Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Copper Determination of Volumetric Note on the 260 252 matters in fresh and sour Milk Detection of artificial 147 sausages Detection of artificial 91 -130 9 9 - by means of Potassium iodide 260 ~-____- as Cuprous thiocyanate in the presence of Bismuth Anti-mony Tin and Arsenic 285 Estimation of by Potassium permanganate 303 Mercury from Electrolytic separation of 29 hydroxide Solubility of in solutions of Sodium or Ammonium salicylate 30 in Iron Electrolytic determination of 201 - powdered Drugs and Chemicals Presence of 158 Lead Antimony and Tin in alloys Separation of 99 .See akso Cuprous Cormimbceuf H. Detection of Vanadium 286 Cotton Detection of Chrome Yellow in 22 seed Oil Constants of 140 - Halphen’s reaction for 364 - Iodine value of 199 - Notes on Halphen’s test for 95 -- Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 Crawford C. and Fulton C. Assay of Zinc precipitates for Gold and Silver 129 Cream of Tartar Estimation of Tartaric Acid in 119 Cribb C. H. Note on (1) samples of Coffee containing added Starch; (2) a sample of Cripps R. A. Examination of Cough mixtures 354 Crotogino F.and Nissenson H. Strong Sulphuric Acid as sb solvent in the analysis - -_ Use of Sulphuric Acid as a solvent for minerals rich in Arsenic Iron and Lead 336 Crouzel E. Determination of Tannin 301 Crucible Modified Gooch 38 Cullum M. L. and Hinds J. I. D. Photometric determination of Iron 370 Cuprol 59 Cuprous thiocyanate Influence of Hydrochloric Acid on the precipitation of 161 Cushman A. S. Modified form of the Ostwald Burette-Calibrator 37 - Spurious 118 artificial Coffee berries 114 of Tin alloys 369 Dakin H. D. Use of persulphates in analysis 307 -- Volumetric determination of the double phosphates of Ammonium with Cadmium Cobalt Manganese and Zinc 286 Danziger J. L. New qualitative test for Cobalt 262 -- Sherman H. C. and Kohnstamm L.Temperature reaction of Oils with Sulphuric Acid-Maunienb’s reaction 19 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xiii Darzens G. aizd Armingeat P. Separation of Terpene Alcohols from their Esters by Davis B. F. and Ling A. R. Malt Diastase 280 De Erevens J. Detection of Benzoic Acid and alkali Benzoates in Food 56 De Fuentes Tapis N. aizd Frerichs G. Valuation of Ipecacuanha root 328 De Myttenacre F. Estimation of Alkaloids in Cinchona Bark etc. 226 De Nobele - Differentiation of human Blood from the Blood of Animals 194 De Raczkowski S. and Bordas F. Determination of Lecithin in Milk 325 Deiglmayr I. Governor for use during ultimate analysis 310 Denigis G. Determination of traces of Antimony in the presence of large quantities - Reagent for Ferrous salts and for certain metals of the Zinc and Iron means of Sodium salicylate 93 of Arsenic 65 group 67 Dermatol 58 DesmouliBre A.Colouring matter and Sugar of Apricots 325 Desoxymorphine 58 Dextrin So-called Honey 90 - and Starch Initial action of Iodines and other oxidizing agents in the hydrolysis of 280 Diastase Malt 280 Dibdin W. J. aizd Grimwood R. G. Detection and estimation of minute quantities of Sulphuretted Hydrogen in Coal-gas 219 Dieterich K. Adulteration of Shell-lac 96 Diethylsulphomethylethylmethane 59 Digestion Action of Boric Acid on the 272 Fluorides as Butter Preservatives with observations on their influence on Diglycerides in Fat mixtures which contain Oxy-fatty Acids Formula for the calcu-Disodium Methyl-arsenate Volumetric determination of 258 Distillation Receiver for fractional under diminished pressure 132 Distillations Pressure Regulator for under diminished pressure 163 Ditz H.Detection of small quantities of Nickel in the presence of Cobalt 27 ~- Estimation of Chlorates in electrolytic Bleach and Chlorate liquors 30 Dogfish liver Oil Iodine value of 199 Donath E. clizd Margosches B. To distinguish the different varieties of Carbon 284 Drugs Food and 2nd edition ReiLiezo 136 -. . Reactions for the identification of certain 194 ~- Some notes on the analysis of 87 Drying oven for temperatures exceeding 100" C. 134 artificial 173 lation of 95 substances Simple apparatus for under reduced pressure at any required temperature 132 Du Roi a?zd Kochler MM. Detection of heated Milk 89 Dufty L.Volumetric estimation of Manganese 69 Duprd - C L I ~ Korn W. Estimation of Sodium thiosulphate sulphite and sul-phide 162 _ - 9 Von Kupffer A. Stability of Potassium tetroxalate and Sodium oxalate as standard substances for volumetric analysis 308 Duyk M. Action of reducing Sugars on Nickel salts in alkaline solution 13 Dyer Dr. B. Detection of Arsenic 211 Detection and estimation of Methyl Alcohol in Formalin 60 - Use of Sulpburic Acid for drying Carbonic Acid 6 Earth metals Aromatic bases as precipitants for rare 28 xiv INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Earthnut Oil Iodine value of 199 Ecalle H. Determination of Aconitine in certain preparations of Aconite 299 Egg Albumin Bromine and Iodine values of 18 Electrode Improved Platinum 311 Emetine Reactions of 349 Emich F.Microchemical detection of Alkalies and Acids 289 Enamel Examination of and the fusibility of Silicates 34 Engler-Ragosine Viscosimeter 38 Epicarnin 59 Erdmann E. Detection and estimation of Anthranilic Methyl Ester 125 Escot. See Pozei-Escot Essential Oils Notes on some 364 - of Thyme Proportion of Phenols in 61 Ester Anthranilic Methyl Detection and estimation of 125 329 Ether Sulphuric Estimation of Alcohol in 56 a- and a-Eucaine Identification and properties of 123 Eupyrin 58 Extracting liquids with Chloroforni Apparatus for 109 Extraction and recovery of the solvent Combined apparatus for 109 Extracts Meat and Vegetable Extracts Snalysis of 153 - Sesame Oil in Detection of 363 Fabrics Estimation of Indigotin on 302 Faktor F. Volumetric estimation of Gold with Thiosulphate 334 Falikres E.Volumetric determination of Disodium Methyl-arsenate 258 Fanto R. and Zeisel S. Determination of Glycerol 300 Fat Beef Constants of roast corned and smoked 225 - Butter Separation and estimation of Cholesterol in 358 -_ Horse-meat Constants of 225 - Human Composition of 361 - in Food-stuffs Estimation of 120 - -mixtures which contain Oxy-fatty Acids Formula for the calculation of Digly-Fats Animal Detection of Vegetable Oils in by means of the Phytosterol acetate 7 Iodine numbers of 157 - -cerides in 95 test 94 Cholesterin from Quantitative separation of 198 - Y -- (Phytosterin) from Quantitative separation of 16 and Oils Use of Iodine monobromide in the analysis of 15 ___- Industries Laboratory Companion to Review 112 Fatty Acids Molecular equivalent of insoluble 362 -- and Glycerides Hexabromides of 237 - Oils Some colour reactions of 330 363 Fermentation of Wine Mannitic 42 Ferments and their uses Review 73 Ferratogen 59 Ferri- and Ferro-cyanides Iodometric determination of 291 Ferric chloride Solution of 88 Ferrinol 59 Oils Soaps Cercsin Paraffin etc.Quantitative estimation of Colophony in, 252 Ferro-Molybdenum and Molybdenum Steel Volumetric determination of Molybdenum - -silicons Estimation of Silicon in rich by means of peroxide of sodium 232 in 30 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVTI. XV Ferrous phosphate with Quinine and Strychnine Syrup of 87 -- salts Reagent for and for certain metals of the Zinc and Iron group 67 - sulphide Precipitation of by means of Sulphuretted Hydrogen 130 Fersan 59 Fibre Wood- Colour reaction for 195 Filter-paper Preparation of a fine-grained 163 - -press Laboratory 208 Filtrations Apparatus for cold and hot 342 Fisher W.W. Alkaline Waters from the Lower Greensand 213 - Fluorides as Preservatives 178 Indirect estimation of Alkalies in Waters 137 Flask Modified Wiborgh 344 Fleury G. Characteristic reaction of Morphine 57 “ Florence’s Crystals,” Forensic value of 360 Flour for bakers’ use Valuation of 249 -- in Yeast New method for the determination of Potato 121 Fluorides as Butter Preservatives with observations on their influence on artificial Fluorine in Fluorides easily decomposable by Sulphuric Acid Quantitative Determi-Folin O. Estimation of Ammonia in TJrine 20 Food Benzoic Acid and Alkali Benzoates in Detection of 56 -_ Formaldehyde in articles of Rapid detection of 192 - Utilization of Influence of Boric Acid on the 273 - and Drugs 2nd edition Reciezu 136 - materials Decomposition of by Xicro-organisms.Part I. Fat-consuming - Preservatives 83 -- Use of Boric Acid and its salts as 271 - - stuffs Estimation of Fat in 120 Foods Detection of Saccharin and Salicylic Acid in 277 FOODS AND DRUGS ANALYSIS. Forestier c ~ i z d Trillat XM. Composition of Sheep’s Ifilk 324 Formaldehyde Detection of 227 ~ _ - _ - - Determination of Gravimetric 93 -_ Estiination of 329 -____- in articles of Food Rapid detection’ of 192 --__ Milk Modification of the Sulphuric Acid test for 8 Forinalin Detection and estimation of Methyl Alcohol in 60 Fraps G.S. Determination of Sulphur in Plants 201 Frentzel J. Alleged poisonous properties of the colours ‘( Mandarin ” and Prerichs G. and De Fuentes Tapis N. Valuation of Ipecacuanha root 328 Freundlich J. Formula for the calculation of Diglycerides in Fat mixtures which Freyer F. Estimation of Alcohol in Sulphuric Ether 56 Friedheim C. and Hoffmann M. K. Analysis of metallic Molybdenum and its lower Nature of the substance which causes the formation of 361 Digestion 173 nation of 72 Urea in Urine 21 -- Examination of Application of Serum diagnosis to the 157 Micro-organisms 10 - Sulphites as 55 ABSTRACTS 8 54 88 120 153 192 225 248 275, 298 324 357 ) Quantitative 60 -___ Metanil Yellow,” 92 contain Oxy-fatty Acids 95 oxides 20 xvi INDEX TO T’OLUME XXVII.Fruits Dried Estimation of Sulphurous Acid in 226 Fruits Preserved Marmalade etc. Detection of Coal-tar colours in 276 -- Jellies Jams and Honey Polarization of 248 Fulton C. nizd Crawford C. Assay of Zinc Precipitates for Gold aud Silver 129 Fulweiler W. H. uizd Smith E. F. Precipitation and separation of Silver electro-Funnel Improved Biichner’s 292 Fuse1 Oil in Brandy or other alcoholic liquors Estimation of 88 lytically 28 Galactogen 59 Gallate 58 Gallenkamp W. Water-Oven with constant current of dry air 236 Gallic Acid in Tanning materials Detection of 95 Gane E. H. Presence of Copper in powdered Drugs and Chemicals 158 Gas Coal- Hydrogen sulphide in Estimation of 22 -- - Sulphuretted Hydrogen in Detection and estimation of minute quantities of 219 analysis Modification of Hebpel’s apparatus for 309 - mixtures Hydrogen in Determination of 36 -- - volumetric analysis Use of Meyer’s vapour density apparatus for 340 Gases Analysis of by combustion 308 -_ Heating power of Determination of the 23 Gasterin 59 Gastric juice Detection and estimation of Lactic Acid in the 160 Geerligs H.C. P. Cane-Sugar and the process of its manufacture in Java 2nd Geisel O. Rough estimation of Tin in Tin-dye baths 304 Gelatina alba 59 Gelatine and Glue Examination of 283 Geranium Oil Composition of Cannes 17 Gerlinger P. Gasometric estimation of Nitrites in Urine 97 Gibson H. W. and Vulte H. T. Metallic Soaps from Linseed Oil an Investigation Gill A. H. Test €or the gumming quality of Lubricating Oils 228 - aw7 Rowe A.W. Analytical constants of Neat’s-foot Tallow and Horse Gintl W. H. Volumetric determination of Iron 229 Giudice G. Selmi’s process for the determination of Arsenic in toxicology 251 Gladstone Dr. J. H. Death of 317 Glucose in Marmalade 86 Glucosides in Vegetable substances Detection of by means of Emulsin 62 Glue and Gelatine Examination of 283 Gluten Apparatus and method for determining the quality of 155 Glycerides and Fatty Acids Hexabromides of 237 Glycerol Determination of 300 Gnehm R. Laboratory appliances 133 Goeckel H. Condenser for volatile or noxious liquids 343 Goetzl A. Determination of Oil in Linseed 330 Gold Volumetric estimation of with thiosulphate 334 - method of Alkalimetry 340 edition Review 372.of their solubilities in certain of the Hydrocarbons 200 Oils 227 and Wolfmann J. Modified Wiborgh Flask 344 and Silver Assay of Zinc precipitates for 129 reagent for Colloidal substances 98 Silver and Platinum in alloys Estimation of 26 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xvii Gooch F. A, and Pulman 0. S. Determination of Molybdic Acid after reduction Gordin H. M. Notes on the estimation of Berberine 91 Gottheil D. Presence of Arsenic in aqueous Ammonia 101 Gotz process Estimation of Phosphoric Acid in Soil by the 31 Governor for use during ultimate analysis 310 Granulose (Potato Starch) Estimation of 159 Greenish H. G. Official test for Myrrh 91 Grimwood R. G. and Dibdin W. J. Detection and estimation of minute quantities Guaiacum test for Blood 329 Guaiamar 57 Guaiasnnol 57 Guanidine Estimation of 283 Guess H.A. Notes on the estimation of Copper by Potassium Permanganate 303 Gully E. Estimation of Phosphoric Acid in Soil by the Gotz process 31 Gutbier A. Compounds of Tellurium with Bismuth and the quantitative separation with Hydriodic Acid 233 Crucible Modified 38 of Sulphuretted Hydrogen in Coal-Gas 219 of the two elements 262 - New gravimetric method of estimating Tellurium 70 - and Huller G. Quantitative separation of Zirconium from Iron 305 Gyzander C. R. Valuation of commercial Aluminium Sulphate 100 Habermann J. and Oesterreicher A. Detection of free Phosphorus in the presence Hale F. E. Initial action of Iodine and other oxidizing agents in the hydrolysis of Halphen G. Detection of drying and marine Animal Oils 14 Halphen’s reaction for Cotton-seed Oil 364 Hanus J.Use of Iodine monobromide in the analysis of Fats and Oils 15 Harrison J. B. P. a7zd Richmond H. D. Rapid estimation of Boric Acid in Butter, Hase R. New form of Pyrorneter 311 Hasterlik A. Detection of Horseflesh in other Meats 156 Hatcher R. A. Colour reactions of certain Coal-Tar derivatives and Morphine with Formaldehyde and Sulphuric Acid 96 - Method of determining the solubility of Alkaloids 159 Hayes v. Rule and Law Milk-blended Butter case 165 Heat concentrator for ignitions and concentrations 108 Hebebrand A. New method for the determination of Potato Flour in Yeast 121 -__I- Platinum basin with chimney and draught holes 342 Hebert A. Examination of Civet 368 Heffter A.Influence of Boric Acid on the utilization of Food 273 Hehner O. Action of boiling Hydrochloric Acid upon Arsenic Acid 268 -__ Belfield’s test for Beef-Stearine in Lard 247 of Alcohol 92 Starch and Dextrin 280 test for Cotton-seed Oil Note on 95 179 - Detection of Sulphuretted Hydrogen in Coal-Gas 223 - Preparation of Arsenic-free Zinc 261 - Starch in Coffee samples 116 - and C. W. Fluorides as Butter Preservatives with observations on their influence on artificial Digestion 173 Heintz A. Valuation of Rubber goods 200 Helmer L. L. and Noyes W. A. Determination of Sulphur in Iron and Steel 26 Rerripel W. Analysis of Gases by combustion 308 xviii INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Hempel W. Determination of the heating power of Gases 23 Hempel’s apparatus for Gas analysis Modification of 309 Henius M.and Wahl R. American Handy Book of the Brewing Malting and Hennen v. Southern Counties Dairies Co. (Ltd.) Milk-blended Butter case 164 Heraeus W. C. Cause of the destruction of Platinum crucibles in Phosphate auxiliary Trades Review 74 analysis 372 - Modified Gooch crucible 38 Herberger - Alkalinity of crude Sugar 196 Herscher and Ogier MM. Notes on the Serum test for Blood in forensic cases, Hertkorn J. Estimation of mineral and organic impurities in hard (Varnish) Herzig and Meyer’s method of determining Methyl 251 Hesse A. and Zeitschel O. Estimation of Anthranilic Methyl Ester 329 Hewitt J. T. and Moore T. S. Modification of Zeisel’s method for the estimation of Higginson C. J. Food and Drugs 2nd edition Review 136 Hillebrand W.F. Common errors in the determination of Silica 289 Hinds J. I. D. and Cullum M. L. Photometric determination of Iron 370 Hirschsohn E. New reaction for Cholesterin 831 Hoffmann M. K. and Friedheim C. Analysis of metallic Molybdenum and its lower Holde D. Detection of Mineral Oil in Rosin Oil 13 -- and Marcusson MM. Quantitative estimation of Colophony in Fats Oils, Hollmann Dr. A. F. Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry Review 315 Homfray I. and Ramsay W. Colorimetric method for determining Oxygen dissolved Honey Influence of Cane- Sugar and Dextrin in the Bees’ Food upon the composition of the 326 - Note on 355 278 Resins 302 Methoxyl groups 126 9 Quinine and Quinidine 328 -- --oxides 205 Soaps Ceresin Parafin etc. 252 in Water 104 Dextrin So-called 90 Fruits Jellies and Jams Polarization of 248 Hopkins C .G. Methods of standardizing Acid solutions 36 Horse Neat’s-foot and Tallow Oils Analytical Constants of 227 Horseflesh in other Meats Detection of 156 Horsemeat Fat Constants of 225 Houghton Pearks Gunston and Tee (Ltd.) v. Milk-blended Butter case 110 Hubert A. Composition and analysis of Absinthes 55 Hub1 Iodine solution 22 boiled 301 Huldschinsky E. and Rosenheim A. Method for the quantitative separation of - - Quantitative separation of Zinc and Cobalt, 306 Hunt F. W. Comparison of methods used to determine the Iodine value of Oils 198 Hydrargyrum salicylicum 59 Hydrastine hydrochloride 59 Hydrochloric acid Note on the purification of from Arsenic 233 -- and Kydrocyanic Acids Quantitative separation of 162 ~ - -Nickel and Zinc 67 Chlorides Silver and Phosphates Gas-volumetric method of determining 7 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII.xix Hydrochloric or Nitric Acids Method for preparing strictly tenth- normal filth-Hydrocyanic Acid Determination of 303 - and Hydrochloric Acids Quantitative separation of 162 Hydrofluoric Acid Determinations of the strength of aqueous solutions of 101 Hydrogen in Gas mixtures Determination of 36 - sulphide in Coal-Gas Estimation of 22 --- natural Waters Determination of small quantities of 104 j3-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Urine Estimation of 63 Ibbotson F. and Brearley H. Estimation of Tin in White-metal alloys 25 Ibit 58 Ichthargan 57 Imbert and Merle MM. Analysis of commercial Lecithins 331 Indican in Urine Detection of 63 160 200 Indicator for Acid and Alkali titration Rubrescin a new 228 Indicators Use of certain by artificial light 22 Indigotin on Fabrics Estimation of 302 Ingle H.Reactions taking place in the determination of the Iodine value 279 IKORGANIC ANALYSIS ABSTRACTS 24 65 99 129 161 201 229 260 285 303, Inorganic Chemistry Text-book of Beview 315 Institute of Chemistry Annual meeting 135 Notice of Examinations 292 344 Pass List 76 264 Iodides Volumetric determination of in the presence of Bromides and Chlorides 338 Iodine Tincture and solution of Determination of Alcohol in 87 -__ absorption of Oils Use of Iodine monochloride in the determination of the 255 normal etc. 36 in Sweet Cassava 9 - Volumetric Estimation of Manganese 69 334 369 and Bromine Detection of in the presence of thiosulphates 338 solution Hubl 22 value Reactions taking place in the determination of the 279 9 Boiled 301 ~- -~ - - - - of Oils Comparison of methods used to determine the 198 Iodipin 58 Iodogallate 58 Ipecacuanha Certain reactions of the Alkaloids of 345 _ _ _ ~ - root Valuation of 328 Iridium Reactions of 204 ~- and Platinum in Platinum ores Determination of 24 Iron Copper in Electrolytic determination of 201 Determination of Photometric 370 Estimation of small quantities of Volumetric 304 Sulphur in Accurate estimation of by the evolution method 206 Use of for standardizing Permanganate solution 106 9 Volumetric 229 __ ~ - - -J ¶ cast Colorimetric estimation of 206 pig Determination of by Eschka’s method 305 - ~ -- ___-alloys Use of Phosphoric Acid in analysis of 162 and Steel Determination of Sulphur in 26 from Zirconium Quantitative separation of 305 hydroxide Solubility of in solutions of Sodium or Ammonium salicylate 30 -_ Estimation of Titanium in 263 c xx INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII.Iron pyrites Determination of Sulphur in 206 - . Isomorphine 58 See also Ferric and Ferrous Jaeckle H. Composition of human Fat 361 Jalowetz E. Notes on the Sulphurous Acid of Beer 326 James J. H. and Richey J. C. Analyses required for an electrolytic Alkali works 288 Jams Fruits Jellies and Honey Polarization of 248 - Marmalade etc. Detection of Coal-Tar Colours in 276 Jeancard and Satie MM. Composition of Cannes Geranium Oil 17 -Jeffers E.H. Action of boiling Hydrochloric Acid upon Arsenic Acid 271 ~ - - ? and Thorne L. T. Note on the purification of Hydrochloric Acid Jefferson A. McM. Aromatic bases as precipitants for rare earth metals 288 Jellies Fruits Jams and Honey Polarization of 248 Jenkins - Alkaline Waters from the Lower Greensand 218 -- Oxidized Oils 145 Jolles’ process for the estimation of Uric Acid in Urine 97 Jollyman W. H. Typhoid-polluted Waters 247 Jorissen A. Reaction distinguishing between a- and P-Naphthols 257 Jung C. Heat concentrator for ignitions and concentrations 108 - Proportion of Phenols in Essential Oils of Thyme 61 from Arsenic 233 Borneo Mineral Oil 240 W. and Schumacher - New colorimetric method of determining Mercury in Urine 368 Kaiser A.Colour reaction for Wood-fibre 195 -- Estimation of Potato Starch 159 (( Kaki-Sibu,” Composition of 331 Kallman and Lebbin MM. Sulphites as Food Preservatives 55 Katz J. Estimation of Caffeine 359 - Improved Buchner’s Funnel 292 Kaufler F. Determination of the Methoxyl group in substances containing Sulphur, Kern E. F. Quantitative separation and determination of Uranium 28 Kickton A. Analysis of Dutch Butter 248 Kippenberger C. New Pharmaceutical preparations 57 -- and Stas-Otto methods of detecting Alkaloids in toxicology Compari-Kirsten A. Separation and estimation of Cholesterol in Butter Fat 358 Kissi Pepper Composition of 298 Kitt M. Boiled Hubl Iodine solution 301 _____ Hubl Iodine solution 22 Kjeldahl method of nitrogen estimation Experiments with the 303 ____- process 260 Rlaproth W.and Ort H. Use of Iron for standardizing Permanganate solution, Kliaiont J. Composition of Cacao Butter 198 ____- Occurrence of mixed Glycerides in Cacao Butter 15 Klinkhardt A. Melting-point apparatus 235 Knorre. See Von Kuorre Hoch H. Electrolytic determination of Copper in Iron 201 Kochs E. and Seyfert F. Examination of Enamel and the fusibility of Silicates 34 Koehler aid Du Roi MM. Detection of heated Milk 89 126 son of the 195 10 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxi Kohnstamm L. Sherman H. C. and Danziger J. L. Temperature reaction of Oils with Sulphuric Acid-Maumene's reaction 199 Kolb A. Separation and precipitation of Thorium 337 Kollock L. G. and Smith E. F. Electrolytic determination of Molybdenum 29 Konig J.Spieckermann A. a?zd Bremer W. Decomposition of Food materials by Kopp F. T. Rapid method for the volumetric determination of Molybdenum Steel 202 Korn W. and Duprk - Estimation of Sodium thiosulphate sulphite and sulphide, Koss M. and Meyer R. J. New method of separating Ceria from mixtures of rare Kothwachs 301 Krause - Improved Platinum Electrode 311 Kreis H. Colour reaction for Thiophen 258 Krober E. and Rimbach C. Determination of Pentanes and Pentosans 279 9 method applied to Uranium 29 -______- -Micro-organisms. Part I. Fat-consuming Micro-organisms 10 162 Earths 232 Some colour reactions of Fatty Oils 330 363 - - -_- P. Examination of Paper-making materials by the Pento-san method 301 Kufferath A. Use of certain Indicators by artificial light 22 Kupffer.See Von Kupffer Kyle T. D. and Warwick A. W. Volumetric estimation of Bismuth in ores 130 Laboratory appliances 133 Lactic Acid in the Gastric juice Detection and estimation of 160 Ladenburg A. and Quasig R. Quantitative determination of Ozone 35 Lamar W. R. and Schieffelin W. J. Determination of Lithia in Lepidolite 231 Landsiedl A. New Potash apparatus 208 Lard Beef-Stearine in Belfield's test for 247 Fatty Acids of Molecular equivalent of the insoluble 362 Walnut Oil and Bulgarian Buffalo and Sheep Butter Some analyses of 9 Lauterbach - Alkalinity of crude Sugar 255 Lavender Oil of Salicylic Acid as an Adulterant in 327 Law H. D. Experiments with the Kjeldahl method of nitrogen estimation 303 Lead Electrolytic separation of from a Phosphoric Acid solution 229 Lebbin and Kallman MM.Sulphites as Food Preservatives 55 Lebeau P. Action of certain reagents on free Silicon 131 Lecithin in Milk Determination of 325 Lecithins Analysis of commercial 331 Leffmann H. Note on Honey 355 LEGAL CASES 110 164 Lkger E. Detection of Aloes in pharmaceutical preparations 193 ~- Determination of Aloins in Aloes 250 Leidii! and Quennessen MM. Determination of Platinum and Indium in Platinum Identification of metals of the Platinum group by means Antimony Tin and Copper in Alloys Separation of 99 ores 24 of Sodium peroxide 203 Lemoine a?zd Linossier MM. Specific Sera for human Blood 250 Lemon Oil of Notes on 365 -- grass Oil of Notes on 365 Lepidolite Determination of Lithia in 231 Leuba A.F. Detection of Bromine and Iodine in the presences of Thiosulphates, 33 xxii INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Lauba A. F. Detection of Nitric Acid in the presence of an alkali-metal ferrocyanide -- Influence of Potassium ferrocyanide on the precipitation of Phosphoric Leuscher and Reichelmann MM. Detection of Coal-Tar Colours in Pastry Cakes, or ferricyanide 290 Acid 290 etc. 276 - preserved Fruits Red Sanders (Sandal) wood in Cocoa, - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ (Jams) Marmalade etc. 276 9 --276 Lewkowitsch Dr. J. Candle-nut Oil 62 --- Laboratory Companion to Pats and Oils Industries Review 112 --- Oxidized Oils 139 Liebermann - Apparatus and method for determining the quality of Gluten 155 Lindet L. Determination of Starch in Cereals 8 -- -Ling A.R. Determination of Arsenic 210 -- and Davis B. F. Malt Diastase 280 IJinke H. Formaldehyde and Sulphuric Acid as a test for Alkaloids 12 Linn A. F. Electrolytic separation of Lead from a Phosphoric Acid solution 229 Linoleum mass Constants of 140 Linossier and Lemoine MM. Specific Sera for human Blood 250 Linseed Determination of Oil in 330 -_ Oil Constants of 140 the Casein precipitated by Rennet 357 - Iodine value of 199 - Metallic Soaps from. - and its adulterants 14 An investigation of their solubilities in certain of the Hydracarbons 200 Liquids Apparatus for extracting with Chloroform 109 Lithia in Lepidolite Determination of 231 Litterscheid F. M. Volumetric determination of Copper by means of Potassium Lloyd F. J. Alkaline Waters from the Lower Greensand 218 - Estimation of Boric Acid in Butter 182 - Fluorides as Butter Preservatives 177 Loganine Identification of 194 Lohofer W.and Lunge G, Methods for examining the recovered Soda of Cellulose Long J. H. Estimation of Urea in Urine 21 Lubricating Oils Test for the gumming quality of 228 Luebert A. G. Modification of the Sulphuric Acid test for Formaldehyde in Milk 8 Luhrig H. Determination of Boric Acid 34 Lunge G. Preparation of Sodium arsenite solution for volumetric analyses 106 -__ and Lohofer W. Methods for examining the recovered Soda of Cellulose - Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 iodide 260 factories 71 factories 71 Mace Identification of Bombay 327 Mach F. New weighing-out Balance 134 Magnesium Reagent for 68 Mai J.Colorimetric method of determining Arsenious Acid 335 -~ and Silberberg M. Use of Victor Meyer's vapour density apparatus for Uas-volumetric analysis 340 Maize Oil Constants of 14 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxiii Makowka O. Jolles' process for the estimation of Uric Acid in Urine 97 Malt Diastase 280 Malting Brewing and auxiliary Trades American Handy Book of the Beview 74 '' Mandarin " and '' Metanil Yellow," Alleged poisonous properties of 92 158 Manganese Estimation of Colorimetric Ammonium persulphate as a substitute for -- -- New method for the 68 Lead peroxide in the 27 Reagent for 68 1 Volumetric 68 69 -----_____ - Zinc Cadmium and Cobalt Volumetric determination of the double Manning C. R, awd Benedict F. G. Chemical method for obtaining reduced Mannitic Fermentation of Wine 42 Manseau - Reaction of Urotropine and Piperazine 12 Manures Solubility of Phosphatic in some Organic Acids 107 Marc R.Apparatus for the Volumetric estimation of Chlorine 313 Marcusson J. Separation of Cholesterin and Phytosterin from mixtures of Fatty and - and Holde MM. Quantitative estimation of Colophony in Fats Oils, Margarine Amount of Water in-J. Burton and Sons (Ltd.) v. Mattinson 169 Margosches B. and Donath E. To distinguish the different varieties of Carbon 284 Marmalade Glucose in 86 - preserved Fruits (Jams) etc. Detection of Coal-Tar Colours in 276 Mason W. P. Water-supply considered principally from a sanitary standpoint, Mattinson J. Burton and Sons (Ltd.) v. Amount of Water in Margarine 169 Maurizio A.Valuation of Flour for Bakers' use 249 Mayer O. Valuation of Rubber goods 257 McIlhiney P. C. Linseed Oil and its adulterants 14 Meade R. R. Method for preparing strictly tenth-normal fifth-normal etc. Hydro-chloric Acid or Nitric Acid 36 Meat Extracts and Vegetable Extracts Analysis of 153 Meats Composition of preserved 225 Meillere G. Destruction of Organic matiter in Toxicological analysis 125 --- Estimation of Mercury in Antiseptic solutions 11 Melting-point apparatus 235 Mennechet A. Adulteration of Pepper Vith the fruit of Myrsine Africsna and Menthorol 59 Mentzel C. and Arnold C. Detection of Formaldehyde 227 - ~ -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ Rapid detection of Formaldehyde in articles of Food 192 Menzies A. W. C. Sensitiveness of a Thermo-Regulator 135 Mercurol 59 Mercury Determination of in cases of Poisoning Notes on the 299 - -____-- from Copper Electrolytic separation of 29 .____- -Urine New colorimetric method of determining 368 Merie and Imbert Mhf.Analysis of commercial Lecithins 331 IUetabolism in man Influence of Borax on 273 phosphates of Ammonium with 286 Pressures 310 Mineral Oils 251 Soaps Ceresin Paraffin etc. 252 3rd edition Review 315 Embelia Ribes 91 Old and new reactions of Ozone 291 in toxicological work 361 assay 334 in Antiseptic solutions Estimation of 1 xxiv INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Metallic salts Alkaloids and Proteids Precipitation of by extracts of Coffee and Metanil Yellow ” and ‘‘ Mandarin,” Alleged Boisonous properties of 92 158 Methoxyl group in substances containing Sulphur Determination of the 126 Methyl Herzig and Meyer’s method of determining 251 rt-Methylbenzoyltetramethyl-y-oxypiperidin Carbonic Acid Methyl Ester 123 Met hylenegallat e 58 Methylsulfonatum 59 Metzger F.J. Preliminary note on a new separation of Thorium 232 Meyer R. J. and KOSS M. New method of separating Ceria from mixtures of rare _ _ - ~ - and Herzig’s method of determining Methyl 251 Micko K. Analysis of Meat Extracts and Vegetable Extracts 153 Micro-organisms Decomposition of Food Materials by. Part I. Fat-consuming Milk Action of Rennet on in the presence of Boron compounds and other chemicals, Tea 259 groups Modification of Zeisel’s method for the estimation of 126 Alcohol in Formalin Detection and estimation of 60 earths 232 Micro-organisms 10 274 Colouring matters in fresh and sour Detection of 146 Composition of 240 Condenaed Method for the estimation of metallic impurities in 357 Formaldehyde in Modification of the Sulphuric Acid test for 8 Heated Detection of 89 Human Characteristics of Butter from 200 Lecithin in Determination of 325 Sheep’s Composition of 324 Water in Detection of added by means of the nitrate test 357 etc.Notes on the estimation of Phosphoric Acid in 89 of inferior quality from a single Cow.-Smithies v. Bridge 171 regulations 82 9 Composition of 242 - --_ Proteids of 240 Miller R. and Walters H. E. Accurate estimation of Sulphur in Iron by the Evolution method 206 Millon’s reagent Use of 129 Mineral Oil in Rosin Oil Detection of 13 Minerals rich in Arsenic Iron and Lead Use of Sulphuric Acid as a solvent for, Mitchell C..4. Translator Ferments and their actions Review 73 -_ Hexabromides of Glycerides and Fatty Acids 238 Mjoen J. A. Chemical Composition of Norwegian Wood Tar 127 Molybdenum Vanadium from Separation of 286 - and its lower oxides Analysis of 205 _-- in Molybdenum Steel and Ferro-Molybdenum Volumetric determination Steel Note on the determination of 205 -- Steel Rapid method for the volumetric determination of 202 Molybdic Acid Determination of after reduction with Hydriodic Acid 233 Monazite sand Rapid method for estimating Thorium in 207 Monoiodothymol 57 Moody S. E. and Peters C. A. Determination of Persulphates 131 Moor -,Tincture of Opium 354 - Determination of 238 336 of 30 INDEX TO VOLUSIE XXVII.XXV Moore T. S. and Hewitt J. T. Modification of Zeisel’s method for the estimation of hlorner C. T. Quantitative determination of small quantities of Arsenic 335 Morphia in decomposing bodies Detection of 124 Morphine Characteristic reaction of 57 Methoxyl groups 126 - and Goal-Tar derivatives Colour reaction of certain with Formaldehyde - in Opiuni Determination of Note on Reichard’s ‘( Silver ” method for and Sulphuric Acid 96 the 117 _ _ _ _ - ~ Estimation of by means of ammoniacal Silver chloride 11 Morris G. H. Death of 76 Miihlhaeusser O. Cloudiness which occurs on filtering Zinc sulphide 306 Miiller A. Estimation of Hydrogen sulphide in Coal-Gas 22 - Examination of Glue and Gelatine 283 J.A. Standardization of Uranium solutions for Phosphate analysis 106 W. New volumetric method for the determination of free and combined Sulphuric Acid 290 Munro Dr. J. &I. H. Colour of Water 297 Detection of artificial Colouring matters in fresh and sour Munson L. S. a d Tolrnan L. M. Refractive indices of Salad Oils-correction for Murphy A. J. Detection of Arsenic 211 Musk Oil of Notes on liquid 365 Mustard Oil Determination of 197 Myrcenol 18 Myrrh Official test for 91 Myttenaere. See De Myttenaere Milk 152 Temperature 298 Name. See Van Name Naphthenes and Olefines in Petroleum 61 a- and &Naphthols Reaction distinguishing between 257 Naphthylate 58 Nargol 59 Kaske T. Colorimetric estimation of Sulphur in cast Iron 206 Nasse O.Cse of Millon’s reagent 129 Naylor W. Estimation of dissolved Oxygen in Water 308 Neat’s-foot Tallow and Horse Oils Analytical constants of 227 Neroli Oil of Notes on 365 Oil Characteristics of from different sources 16 Nestler A. Detection of spent Tea-leaves by the sublimation test 153 Neuberg C. and Wohlgemuth J. Quantitative estimation of Arabinose 196 Neumann R. O. Influence of Borax on Metabolism in Man 273 Newlands B. E. R. Detection of Arsenic 211 Nickel Detection of small quantities of in the presence of Cobalt 27 - - Reagent for 68 -- and Cobalt Modification of Rose’s method of separating 285 - Zinc Method for the quantitative separation of 67 Nicloux’s method of determining Alcohol 125 Nicolaysen C. Apparatus for sublimations 133 Nicotine in Tobacco Estimation of 12 Nikaldo Y.Volumetric method for the estimation of Sulphuric Acid in soluble K. Kjeldahl process 260 Salts Action of reducing Sugars on in alkaline solution 13 sulphates 30 xxvi INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Nirvanin 58 Nissenson H. and Crotogino F. Strong Sulphuric Acid as a solvent in the analysis - Use of Sulphuric Acid as a solvent for minerals rich in Arsenic Iron and Lead 336 Nitric Acid Colorimetric estimation of 101 - Detection of in the presence of an alkali-metal ferrocyanide or ferri-cyanide 290 - or Hydrochloric Acid Method for preparing strictly tenth-normal fifth-normal etc. 36 - and Nitrous Acids Behaviour of with Brucine and Sulphuric Acid 162 Nitrites in Urine Gasometric estimation of 97 Nitrogen estimation Experiments with the Kjeldahl method of 303 Nitrous and Nitric Acids Behaviour of with Brucine and Sulphuric Acid 162 Nobele.See De Nobele Noll H. Colorimetric estimation of Nitric Acid 101 Noyes W. A. and Helmer L. L. Determination of Sulphur in Iron and Steel 26 Nucleol 59 Nutmeg Analysis of 54 Nux Vomica Tincture of 88 of Tin alloys 369 OBITUARY : Abel Sir F. 293 Gladstone Dr. J. H. 317 Morris Dr. G. H. 76 Oesterreicher A. a d Habermann J. Detection of free Phosphorus in the presence Ogier and Rerscher MM. Notes on the Serum test for Blood in forensic cases 278 Oil Almond Molecular equivalent-of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 - Arachis Iodine value of 199 - Candle-nut 62 - Castor Iodine value of 199 - -__ Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 -- Cocoanut in true Butter Detection of 8 - Cod Iodine value of 199 - Colza Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 - Cotton-seed Constants of 140 of Alcohol 92 -_ - Halphen’s reaction for 364 9 9 - test for Notes on 95 Iodine value of 199 - -____-1 _- -_-- -- Xolecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 - Dogfish liver Iodine value of 199 - Earth-nut Detection of Sesame Oil in 363 -- Fusel in Brandy and other Alcoholic liquors Estimation of 88 - Geranium Composition of Cannes 17 - Linseed Constants of 140 - ~- Metallic Soaps from.- Iodine value of 199- Iodine value of 199 - -_ An investigation of their solubilities in certain of the Hydrocarbons 200 - Y - Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 - - and its adulterants 14 - Maize Constants of 140 - Mineral in Rosin Oil Detection of 13 23 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII.xxvii Oil Mustard Determination of 197 - Neroli Characteristics of from different sources 16 - Olive Iodine value of 199 - Rape Constants of 140 - Rosin Mineral Oil in Detection of 13 238 - Seal Iodine value of 199 - Sesame in Earth-nut Oil Detection of 363 - Shark Iodine value of Arctic 199 - Tomato-seed Characteristics of 61 - Walnut Lard and Bulgslrian Buflalo and Sheep Butter Some analyses of 9 - Whale Iodine value of 199 - in Linseed Determination of 330 - of Aniseed Notes on 366 Bergamot Notes on 364 -- Bystropogon Origanifolius Notes on 366 Lavender Salicylic Acid as an adulterant in 327 -_- Lemon Notes on 365 -- Musk Notes on liquid 365 __ - Neroli Notes on 365 -- Notes on Italian 365 -- Petit-grain Notes on 365 Oils Animal Detection of drying and marine 14 - - Camphor Notes on 364 - - Essential Notes on some 364 -- Fatty Soine colour reactions of 330 363 -- Iodine absorption of Use of Iodine monochloride in the determination of the 255 9 Iodine value of 199 - -_ -grass Notes on 365 Peppermint Colour reactions of 277 Turpentine Acetic Acid test for 277 -- of Thyme Proportion of Phenols in 61 -- -_ value of Comparison of methods used to determine the 198 Lubricating Test for the gumming quality of 228 Neat’s foot Tallow and Horse Analytical constants of 227 - - Olive Note on the use of Bechi or Silver nitrate test on 198 -- Oxidized 139 - Salad Refractive indices of.- - Vegetable in Animal Fats Detection of by means of the Phytosterol acetate -_- and Fats Use of Iodine monobromide in the analysis of 15 ~~- Industries Laboratory Companion to Review 112 _- Fats Soaps Ceresin Paraffin etc. Quantitative estimation of Colophony in 252 Olefines and Naphthenes in Petroleum 61 Oleic Acid Molecular equivalent of 362 Olive Oil Iodine value of 199 - Oils Note on the use of the Bechi or Silver nitrate test on 198 Opium Analysis of preparations containing 350 Morphine in Determination of Note on Reichard’s - -_____ Estimation of by means of ainmoniacal Silver chloride 11 - Tincture of 354 Oppenheimer C. Translated by C. A. Xitchell Ferments and their actions Review 73 Orchard R. Detection of Sulphuretted Hydrogen in Coal-Gas 223 Correction for temperature 298 test 94 Silver’’ method for the 117 preparations Identification of 19 sxviii INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII.Organic Analysis New method of 333 ORGANIU ANALYSIS. ABSTHACTS 12 60 93,125,159 195 227 251 279,300,329 361 Organic matter Destruction of in toxicological analysis 125 Orphol 58 I Ort H. and Klaproth W. Use of Iron for standardizing Permanganate solution, Osmium Reactions of 203 Ostwald Burette-Calibrator Modified form of the 37 Otto. See Stas-Otto Oven Drying for temperatures exceeding 100" C. 134 - Water with constant current of dry air 236 Ox Tallow Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 Oxalic Acid in Urine Determination of 332 Oxides Solubility of certain metallic in solutions of Sodium or Ammonium salicylate, Oxygen Use of in the ignition of Precipitates 108 - dissolved in Water Colorimetric method for determining 104 ____- in Water Estimation of dissolved 308 Ozone Old and new reactions of 291 - - Quantitative determination of 35 106 30 Palladium Reactions of 204 Palmitic Acid Molecular equivalent of 362 Panzer T.Behaviour of Calcium hypophosphite in the Animal system 124 - Detection of Morphia in decomposing bodies 124 Paoline V. a i d Balbiano L. Olefines and NaphGhenes in Petroleum 61 Paper-making materials Examination of by the Pentosan method 301 Paraffin Ceresin Fats Oils and Soaps Quantitative estimation of 252 Parr S. W. Note on the volumetric determination of Copper 260 Parry E. J. Analysis of Shellac 2 1 Parsons C.L. Identification and properties of u- and ,&Eucaine 123 Partheil A. aid Rose J. A. Direct gravimetric determination of Boric Acid 103 Pastry Cakes etc. Detection of Coal-Tar Colours in 276 Patrick G. E. and Stuart D. Starch as an adulterant or drier in Butter 121 Patterson T. S. Modified form of Thermo-Regulator 234 Pearks Gunston and Tee (Ltd.) Bayley v. Milk-blended Butter case 167 21. Houghton Milk-blended Butter case I10 ; v. Ward Milk-blended Butter case 164 Pentanes and Pentosans Determination of 279 Pentosans and Pentanes Determination of 279 Pentoses in Urine Determination of in the presence of Glycuronic Acids 256 Pepper Adulteration of with the fruit of Myrsine Africana and Embelia Ribes 91 Analysis of black 54 Composition of Kissi 298 Peppermint Oil of Colour reactions of 277 --___ Notes on Italian 365 Peptone in Urine Detection of 64 Pergami A.a j d Tortelli If. 3lolecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids 362 Persulphates Analysis of alkali 71 --_ Use of in analysis 307 Petermann il. Detection of Acetanilide in Urine 20 Peters C. A. and Moody S. E. Determination of Persulphates 131 Petit-grain Oil of Notes on 365 Determination of 13 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxix Petkow N. Soiiie analyses of Bulgarian Buffalo and Sheep Butter Lard and Petroleum Olcfines and Naphthenes in 61 Petrosulfol 57 Pfaff A. Estimation of Formaldehyde 329 Pharmaceutical Preparations New 57 Phenanthrene and Carbazol in Anthracene Detection of 366 Phenols in Essential Oils of Thyme Proportion of 61 - or Alcohols Estimation of 60 Phillips F.C. Determination of Hydrogen in Gas mixtures 36 Phosphate analysis Cause of the destruction of Platinum Crucibles in 372 Phosphates Chlorides Hydrochloric Acid and Silver Gas-volumetric method of Phosphatic Manures Solubility of in some Organic Acids 107 Phosphoric Acid Detection of in cases of Poisoning 92 Walnut Oil 9 determining 72 ~- Determination of as phospho-molybdic anhydride 32 - Influence of Potassium ferrocyanide on the precipitation of 290 ~- Use of in analysis of Iron alloys 162 --- in Milk etc. Notes on the estiniation of 89 -~ Phosphorus Detection of free in the presence of Alcohol 92 Phosphoryl-quinine 58 Photographic dry plates Technical estimation of Silver bromide in 369 Phytosterin and Cholesterin from mixtures of Fatty and Mineral Oils Separation of, - (Cholesterin) from Fats Quantitative separation of 16 Pierpaoli C.Determination of Mercury in toxicological work 361 Pigments Estimation of the covering power of 64 Piper Famechoni-Aeckel Composition of 298 Piperaaine and Urotropine Reaction of 12 Plants Determination of Sulphur in 201 Platinum Reactions of 204 - Soil Estimation of by the Giitz process 31 251 and Iridium in Platinum ores Determination of 24 basin with chimney and draught holes 342 electrode Improved 311 group Identification of metals of the by means of Sodium peroxide 203 ores Determination of Platinum and Iridium in 24 -I_ crucibles Cause of the destruction of in Phosphate analysis 372 -- Gold and Silver in alloys Estimation of 265 Poisoning Mercury in cases of Notes on the Determination of 299 Polenske E.Amount of Boric Acid present in Hams which have been stored in -_- Behaviour of Borax when distilled with Methyl Alcohol 34 Pollacci - Reagent for Albumin in Urine 257 Potash apparatus New 208 Potassium and Sodium Determination of as pyrosulphate 70 - Phosphorus in cases of Detection .of 92 powdered Borax or Boric Acid 274 bulbs New design for 235 percarbonate as a reagent 108 - tetroxalate and Sodium oxalate Stability of as standard substances for volumetric analysis 308 Potato Flour in Yeast New method for the determination of 121 Pozzi-Escot E. Composition of " Iiaki-Sibu," 331 Starch (Granulose) Estimation of 15 xxx INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Pozzi-Escot E. Nicloux’s method of determining Alcohol 125 Precipitates Use of Oxygen in the ignition of 108 Pregl F.Apparatus for extracting liquids with Chloroform 109 Simple apparatus for drying substances under reduced pressure at any Preservatives Fluorides as Butter with observations on their influence on artificial required temperature 132 Digestion 173 - Food 83 9 Boric Acid and its Salts as Use of 271 -- -9 Sulphites as 55 ________- -Preserved Meats Composition of 225 Pressures Chemical method for obtaining reduced 310 Proteids Alkaloids and Metallic Salts Precipitation of by extracts of Coffee and Tea 259 ~- Bromine and Iodine values of 18 - of Milk 240 Prothihre E. Volumetric determination of Zinc 229 Prussian Blue in Spent Oxide Determination of 339 Prussic Acid in Sweet Cassava 9 Psychotrine Reactions of 349 Public Analyst Status of the 78 Pulman 0.S. and Gooch F. A. Determination of Molybdic Acid after reduction with Hydriodic Acid 232 Pumps Water- Non-return valve for 38 Pyrazolonum phenyldimethylicum salicylicum 59 Pyrites Iron Determination of Sulphur in 206 Pyrometer Wanner’s new form of 311 Quasig R. and Ladenburg A, Quantitative determination of Ozone 35 Quennessen and LeidiB MM. Determination of Platinum and Iridium in Platinum - Identification of metals of the Platinum group by ores 24 means of Sodium peroxide 203 Quinine and Quinidine New reaction for 328 Raczkowski. See De Raczkowski Ragosine A, Engler-Ragosine Viscosimeter 38 Raikow P. N. Apparatus for cold and hot Filtrations 342 Raimann E.Determination of traces of Sugar in Urine 19 Ramage H. Volumetric estimation of Manganese 68 Rarnovino C. Estimation of Silicon in rich Ferro-Silicons by means of peroxide of Ramsay W. and Homfray I. Colorimetric method for determining Oxygen dissolved Ranwez F. Detection of Cocoanut Oil in true Butter 8 Rape Oil Constants of 140 -_- Iodine value of 199 Raspberry juice and red Wines Detection of Cherry juice in 10 Ratner C. Determination of Tin and its separation from Antimony 336 Raumer. See Von Raumer Reale E. Preparation of a fine grained Filter paper 163 Regulator Pressure for Distillations under diminished pressure 163 -_ New Areo-pyknometer 371 Sodium 232 in Water 104 - Thermo- Modified form of 23 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxxi Regulator Thermo- Sensitiveness of a 135 Reichard C.Estimation of Morphine in Opium by means of ammoniacal Silver Reichard’s (‘ Silver ” method for the determination of Morphine in Opium Note on 117 Reichelmann and Leuscher IIM. Detection of Coal-Tar Colours in Pastry Cakes, chloride 11 etc. 276 p r e s e r v e d -~ ~ ~ - - -_ -Fruits (Jams) Marmalade etc., 276 Rennet Action of on Milk in the presence of Boron compounds and other chemicals, Resaldol 57 Resins Estimation of mineral and organic impurities in hard (Varnish) 302 Rhodium Reactions of 204 Richards J. W. Notes on some Blowpipe tests 107 P. A. E. Estimation of Platinum Gold and Silver in alloys 265 - T . W. Modification of Hempel’s apparatus for Gas-analysis 309 _______ and Singer S. K. Quantitative separation of Hydrochloric and Richmond H.D. Colour of Water 296 ~ - - _ Composition of Milk 240 _____- Detection of artificial Colouring matters in fresh and sour Milk 152 - and Harrison J. B. P. Rapid Estimation of Boric Acid in Butter, 7 Red Sanders Wood in Cocoa 276 .-. ~ 274 Hydrocyanic Acids 162 - Examination of Coffee made into a beverage 116 Fluorides as Butter Preservatives 178 179 Richter E. Determination of Uric Acid in Urine 332 Rideal Dr. S. Colour of Water 297 - Detection of artificial Colouring matters in fresh and sour Milk 151 ~ - - Examination of Water from some Typhoid-polluted Wells 245 - Sewage and the Bacterial purification of Sewage 2nd edition Review 74 Rieger F. Notes on the estimation of Phosphoric Acid in Milk etc. 89 Riegler E.Gas-volumetric estimation of Chlorides and Phosphates in Urine 19 Y - method of Alkalimetry 340 Y - determining Chlorides Hydrochloric Acid - -____ Silver and Phosphates 72 __ free and combined Sulphuric Acid an& free and combined Carbon dioxide 102 Rigler. See Von Rigler Rijn. See Van Rijn Rimbach C. and Krober E. Determination of Pentanes and Pentosans 279 - P. and Krober E. Examination of Paper-making materials by the Pentosan method 301 Ritchey J. C. and James J. H. Analyses required for an electrolytic Alkali works, 288 Ritter E. Quantitative separation of Cholesterin from Fats 16 198 Robertshaw C. D. and Walker J. H. Determination of Mineral Oil in Rosin Oil 238 Roborat 59 Roborin 59 Rceser P. Determination of Mustard Oil 197 fiose J.A, am? Partheil A. Direct gravimetric determination of Boric Acid 103 Rosenfeld A. and Silber J. Rubrescin a new Indicator for Acid and Alkali titration, 22 xxxii INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Rosenheini A, Precipitation of Ammonium vanadate by means of Ammonium c d Huldschinsky E. Method for the quantitative separation of ~ ~ - - - - - Quantitative separation of Zinc and Cobalt, Rose’s method of separating Nickel and Cobalt Modificatiou of 285 Rosin Oil Mineral Oil in Detection of 13 ____- ~ - - Determination of 238 Ross R. Determination of Carbon in Steel by direct combustion 5 Rossel D. Detection of Blood-colouring matters in Urine 367 Rossing A. Separation of Copper Lead Antimony and Tin in alloys 99 Rost E. Action of Boric Acid and Borax on Human beings and animals 271 Rothenbach F.Detection of ‘( Vinegar Essence ” in Fermentation Vinegar 359 Rowe A. W. and Gill A. H. Analytical constants of Neat’s-foot Tallow and Horse Rubber goods Valuation of 200 257 Rubidium and Caesium Determination of as bisulphate 70 Rubner - Action of Boric Acid on the Digestion 272 Rubrescin a new Indicator for Acid and Alkali titration 228 Rule and Law Hayes v. Milk-blended Butter case 165 Rung F. and Binz A. Estimation of Indigotin on Fabrics 302 Rupp E. Iodometric valuation of the peroxides of Barium Sodium etc. 338 Russell H. L. aid Turneaure F. E. Public Water Supplies Review 39 Ruthenium Reactions of 203 Saccharin and Salicylic Acid in Foods Detection of 277 Salad Oils Refractive indices of Correction for temperature 298 Salicylcarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester of 57 Salicylic Acid and Saccharin in Foods Detection of 277 ~- as an adulterant in Oil of Lavender 327 Salipyrin 59 Salkowski E.Behaviour of Araban towards Fehling’s solution 301 Salol 57 Sandal (Sanders) Wood in Cocoa Detection of red 276 Sander K. Determination of Silver in the residues from the distillation of Zinc 99 Satie and Jeancard MM. Proportion of Phenols in Essential Oils of Thyme 61 Sausages Detection of artificial Colouring matters in 91 Sauvaitre - Characteristics of Butter from human Milk 200 Schidrowitz Dr. P. Detection of artificial Colouring matters in fresh and sour Milk, chloride 371 Nickel and Zinc 67 306 oils 227 and Schiedt A. Iodametric determination of Ferro- and Ferri-cyanides 291 152 I Arsenic 211 --_ _______- Mannitic Fermentation of Wine 42 ~ ~ - - Note on Reichard’s ‘( Silver” method for the determination of ScLiedt A.and Rupp E. Iodometric determination of Ferro- and Ferri-cyanides 291 Schieffelin W. J. and Lamar W. R. Determination of Lithja in Lepidolite 231 Schimmel and Go. Notes on some Essential Oils 364 Schindelmeiser J. Behaviour of Selenious Acid in the Marsh apparatus 339 Schindler-Zwickau P. Identification of Bombay Mace 327 Schmidt W. Automatic apparatus for Titrations 343 Schnell J. Detection of Sesame Oil in Earth-nut Oil 363 Schiile G. Nodified Soxhlet 312 Morphine in Opium 11 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxxiii Schumacher - and ;Tung W. New Colorimetric method of determining Mercury in Schuster A. Iodine numbers of Beef Fat 157 Schwartz R.Determination of Prussian Blue in Spent Oxide 339 Scientific Boarding-house Government 313 Scott-Smith G. E. and Allen A. €I. Analysis of preparations containing Opium 350 -____-- Certain reactions of the Alkaloids of Ipecac-Seal Oil Iodine value of 199 Seiler F. and Verda A. Volumetric estimation of small quantities of Iron 304 Seitter E. and Vanino L. Quantitative estimation of Formaldehyde 60 Selenious Acid Behaviour of in the Marsh apparatus 339 Selmi’s process for the determination of Arsenic in toxicology 251 Septicidin 59 Sera Specific for human Blood 250 Sesame Oil in Earth-nut Oil Detection of 363 Sewage and the Bacterial purification of Sewage lieriew 2nd edition 74 Seyda A. Determination of Phosphoric Acid as Phosphomolybdic anhydride 32 Seyfert F.aizd Kochs E. Examination of Enamel and the fusibility of Silicates 34 Shark Oil Iodine value of Arctic 199 Sheep and Buffalo Butter Lard and Walnut Qil Some analyses of Bulgarian 9 Sheep’s Xilk Composition of 324 Shellac Adulteration of 96 Siegfeld M. Detection oi added Water in Milk by means of the nitrate test 357 -- -- heated Milk 89 Silber J. aizd Rosenfeld A Rubrescin a new Indicator for Acid and Alkali titration, Silberberg &I. CL~LCZ Mai J. Use of Victor Meyer’s vapour density apparatus for Silica Common errors in the determination of 289 Silicates Fusibility of Examination of Enamel and the 34 Silicon Action of certain reagents on free 131 - in rich Ferro-Silicons Estimation of by means of peroxide of Sodium 232 Silver Determination of in the residues from the distillation of Zinc 99 - Precipitation and separation of electrolytically 28 - and Gold Assay of Zinc precipitates for 129 -_ bromide in photographic dry plates Technical estimation of 369 -_ Chlorides Hydrochloric Acid and Phosphates Gas-volumetric method of - Gold and Platinum in alloys Estimation of 265 nitrate or Bechi test on Olive Oils Note on the use of the 198 Singer S.K. uncZ Richards T. W. Quantitative separation of Hydrochloric and Sjollema B. aizd Tulleken J. E. Halphen’s reaction for Cotton-seed Oil 364 Smith E. F. aizd Fulweiler W. H. Precipitation and separation of Silver electro--___ - -_ -_ Kollock L. G. Electrolytic determination of Molybdenum 29 Urine 368 uanha 345 Analysis of 21 228 Gas-volumetric analysis 340 determining 72 Hydrocyanic Acids 162 lytically 28 7 method applied to Uranium 29 - --Sparre C.R Electrolytic separation of Mercury from Copper 29 . See also Scott-Smith mid Wood-Smith Smithies a. Bridge Milk of inferior quality from a single Cow 171 Soaps Netallic from Linseed Oil. An investigation of their solubilities in certain of the hydrocarbons 20 xxxiv INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Soaps Fats Oils Ceresin Paraffin etc. Quantitative estimation of Colophony in 252 SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1 41 77 113 137 173 209, Soda of Cellulose factories Methods of examining the recovered 71 Sodium am3 Potassium Determination of as pyrosulphate 70 - arsenite solution Preparation of for volumetric analysis 106 -_ Barium etc.Peroxides of Iodometric valuation of the 338 237 265 294 345 biiodosalicylate 58 oxalate and Potassium tetroxalate Stability of as standard substances for volumetric analysis 308 -- thiosulphate Preservation of volumetric solutions of 106 sulphite and sulphide Estimation of 162 Soil Phosphoric Acid in Estimation of by the Gotz process 31 Soils Sulphuric Acid in Determination of 307 Sollmann T. Precipitation of Alkaloids metallic salts and Proteids by Extracts of Soltsein P. Note on Halphen’s test for Cotton-seed Oil 95 Sontag G. Quantitative estimations of the excretion of Boric Acid from the Southern Counties Dairies Co. (Ltd.) Hennen v. Milk-blended Butter case 164 Soxhlet Nodified 312 Spaeth E. Detection of artificial Colouring matters in Sausages 91 Spare C.R. and Smith E. F. Electrolytic separation of Mercury from Copper 29 Spent Oxide Determination of Yrussian Blue in 339 Spica >I. Detection of Gallic Acid in Tanning materials 95 Spices Detection of powdered Cocoanut shell in ground 54 Spieckeriiiaiin A. Brerner W. n72d Ronig J. Decomposition of Food materials by Springer E. Extraction of Alkaloids from acid solutions and salts of the i41kaloids Coffee and Tea 259 body 373. 7 - Saccharin and Salicylic Acid in Foods 277 Micro-orgainisms. Part I. Fat-consuming Micro-organisms 10 from aqueous solutions 367 alkaline solutions 366 Squire P. W. and Caines C. &I. Acetic Acid test for Cil of Turpentine 277 Stahre’s reaction for Citric Acid 196 Starch Potato (granulose) Estimation of 159 and Dextrin Initial action of Iodine and other oxidizing agents in the hydrolysis of 280 ~- in Cereals Determination of 8 Stas-0 tto and Kippenberger methods of detecting Alkaloids in toxicology Coiiiparison Stearic Acid hfolecular equivalent of 362 Stearine Beef-.in Lard Btlfield’s test for 247 Steel Carbon in Determination of by direct cornbustion 1 - Uolybdenum Rapid niethod for the volumetric determination of 208 of the 195 -_ 9 - and Ferro-Molybdenum Volumetric determination of Molybdenum in 305 1 in Note on the determination of 205 - ~ _ _ _ and Iron Sulphur in Determination of 26 _________ Titanium in Estimation of 263 Stehman J. V. R. Determination of Sulphur in pig iron by Eschka’s method 305 Steudel H. Isolation of Amido-Sugars 13 Stevenson Dr.T. Detection of Arsenic 210 Strittar M. J. and Zeisd S. New method for the determination of Cellulose 256 Struve H. Cholin test for Cognac 27 INDEX. TO VOLUME XXVII. xxxv Strychnine Bromine test for 122 Strzyzowski C. Detection of Indican in Urine 63 Stuart D. and Patrick G. E. Starch as an adulterant or drier in Butter 121 Sublimations Apparatus for 133 Sugar Alkalinity of crude 196 255 -_ Cane- and the process of its manufacture in Java 2nd edition Review 372 -__ __ in Vegetable substances Detection of by means of Invertase 62 and Colouring matter of Apricots 325 -_ in Urine Determination of traces of 19 Sugars Amido- Isolation of 13 Identification of 255 Sulphates Volumetric mkthod for the estimation of Sulphuric Acid in soluble 307 Sulphites as Food Preservatives 55 Sulphur Analysis of crude 306 - in cast Iron Colorimetric estimation of 206 -- Iron Accurate estimation of by the evolution method 206 and Steel Determination of 26 pyrites Determination of 206 - pig Iron Determination of by Eschka's method 305 -_ - Plants Determination of 201 Sulphuretted Ryd1;ogen in Coal-Gas Detection and estimation of minute quantities of 219 Sulphuric Acid Free and combined Gas-volumetric method of determining 102 - New volumetric method for the determination .--_ of 290 Use of as 'a solvent for minerals rich in Arsenic Iron and Lead 336 __________ in Soils Determination of 307 ___-__ soluble sulphates Volumetric method for the estimation of 307 - Ether Estimation of Alcohol in 56 Sulphurous Acid in dried Fruits Estimatlion of 226 of Beer Notes on tlhe 326 Sutherst W.F. Solubility of Phosphatic Manures in some Organic Acids 107 Syrup of Ferrous phosphate with Quinine and Strychnine 87 Tallow Ox l\(lolecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids of 362 Tannin Determination of 301 Tanning materials Detection of Gallic Acid in 95 Tapis. See De Fuentes Titpis Tar Coal- Colours in Pastry Cakes etc. Detection of 276 -_ Wood Chemical composition of Norwegian 127 Tartar Cream of Estimation of Tartaric ,Icid in 119 Tartaric Acid in Cream of Tartar Estimation of 119 Taylor R. L. Modification of Rose's method of separating Nickel and Cobalt 285 Tea-leaves Detection of spent by the sublimation test 153 Tellurium New gravimetric method of estimating 70 Neat's-foot and Horse Oils Analytical constants of 227 - 9 - ___- preserved Fruits (Jams) hlarinalnde etc.Detection of 276 7 Spurious 118 ____ - with Bismuth Compounds of and the quantitative separation of the two Terpene Alcohols from their Esters Separation of by means of Sodium salicylate 93 Tervet J. N. New design for Potash bulbs 235 Thallium Determinat'ion of in the Thallous state 287 elements 26 xxxvi INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Thermometer Beckmann’s with Kidhn’s additional scale 311 Thermo-regulator Modified form of 234 Sensitiveness of a 135 Theulier E. Characteristics of Neroli Oil from different sources 16 Thibalt P. and Vouriiasos A. C. New method of Organic analysis 333 Thio-antipyrine 58 Thiophen Colour reaction for 258 Thiopyrin 58 Thomas V.Determination of Thallium in the Thallous state 287 -__ Volumetric determination of Iodides in the presence of Bromides and Thorium Preliminary note on a new separation of 232 -_- Separation and precipitation of 337 -_- in Monozite sand Rapid method for estimating 207 Thorne Dr. L. T. Detection of Arsenic 211 Chlorides 338 a d Jeifers E. H. Note on the purification of Hydrochloric -4cid from Arsenic 233 Thyme Essential Oils of Proportion of Phenols in 61 Thymol Volumetric determination of 257 Tin Determination of and its separation from Antimony 336 - alloys Strong Sulphuric Acid as a solvent in the analysis of 369 -_ Antimony Copper and Lead in alloys Separation of 99 - in Tin-dye baths Rough estimation of 304 - White-metal alloys Estimation of 25 Tincture of Cachou Identification of 194 Titanium in Steel and Iron Estimation of 263 Titrations Automatic apparatus for 343 Tobacco Nicotine iD Estimation of 12 Tocher J.F. Oxidation and estimation of Uric Acid and Urates 333 Todeschini G. Estimation of Arsenic in toxicology 250 Tolman L. M. Note on the use of the Bechi or Silver nitrate test on Olive Oils, - a d Munson L. S. Refractive indices of Salad Oils-Correction for - Opium 354 198 temperature 298 Tomato-seed Oil Characteristics of 61 Tortelli M. and Pergami A. Molecular equivalent of insoluble Fatty Acids 362 Toth J. Estimation of Nicotine in Tobacco 13 TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. Treadwell F. P. Potassium percarbonate as a reagent 108 Triiodo-m- Cresol 5 7 Trillat and Forestier MM. Composition of Sheep’s Milk 324 Truchot P.Detection of traces of Vanadium and the separation of Vanadium from ABSTRACTS 92 124 194 250 278 298 342 371 Molybdenum 286 Electrolytic determination of Vanadium 263 Tschugaen L. New Colour reaction for Cholesterol 94 Tuberculosamine tuberculate 58 Tulleken J. E. and Sjollema B. Halphen’s reaction for Cotton-seed Oil 364 Turneaure F E. and Russell H. L. Public Water Supplies Heview 39 Turpentine Adulteration of with ‘‘ White Spirit,” 127 -__ Larch and Venice Turpentine 254 -_- Oil of Acetic Acid test for 277 Typhoid-polluted Wells Examination of Water from some 245 Tyrosine Identification of 194 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxxvii Ultimate analysis Governor for use during 310 Uranium Electrolytic method applied to 29 - Quantitative separation and determination of 28 Urates and Uric Acid Oxidation and Estimation of 333 Urea in Urine Estimation of 21 Uric Acid and Grates Oxidation and estimation of 333 - in Urine Determination of 332 ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Estimatioii of Jolles’ process for the 97 Urine Acetanilide in Detection of 20 -- Albumin in Reagent for 257 - Ammonia in Estimation of 20 Blood-colouring matters in Detection of 367 ~ - - Chlorides and Phosphates in Gas-volumetric estimation of 19 - /I-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Estimation of 63 - Indican in Detection of 63 160 200 -_ Mercury in New colorimetric method of determining 368 - Nitrites in Gasometric estimation of 97 - Oxalic Acid in Determination of 332 - Pentoses in Detection of in the presence of Glycuronic Acids 256 ~- Peptone in Detection of 64 -_ Sugar in Determination of traces-of 19 - Urea in Estimation of 31 - Uric Acid in Determination of 332 Urotropine and Piperazine Reaction of 12 Usunify 59 Utz - Refractometer number for Cod-liver Oil 327 Salts and Hydrogen peroxide Colour reaction of 288 solutions Standardizacion of for Phosphate analysis 106 - Estimation of Jolles’ process for the 97 Valenta E.Estimation of the covering power of Pigments 64 Valve for Water-pumps Non-return 38 Van Name R. G. Determination of Copper as Cuprous thiocyanate in the presence - Influence of Hydrochloric Acid on the precipitation of Cuprous of Bismuth Antimony Tin and Arsenic 285 t hioc y anat e 161 Van Rijn Dr. J. J. L. Composition of Dutch Butter Review 136 Vanadium Detection of traces of 286 - Determination of 286 -- Electrolytic 263 - from Molybdenum Separation of 286 - and Seitter E.Quantitative estimation of Formaldehyde 60 Vanino L. Gravimetric determination of Formaldehyde 93 Varnish Resins Estimation of mineral and organic impurities in Lard or 302 Vaubel W. Bromine and Iodine values of Proteids 18 Vegetable extracts and Meat extracts Analysis of 153 - Oils in Animal Fats Detection of by means of the Phytosterol acetate test 94 substances Detection of Cane-Sugar in by means of Invertase 62 2 Glucosides in by means of Emulsin 62 -~ - --_ Verda A, and Seiler F. Volumetric estimation of small quantities of Iron 304 Verley A, and Bolsing F. Estimation of Alcohols or Phenols 60 Vinegar Analysis of Apple 122 -_ Essence in Fermentation Vinegar Detection of 35 xxxviii INDEX TO VOLUME XSVII.Vitali D. Guaiacum test for Blood 329 Voelcker E. W. Artificial Coffee berries 116 -- Dr. J. A. Address to the Society of Public Analysts 78 -____-__ Alkaline Waters from the Lower Greensand 218 Von Alfthan K. Detection of Pentoses in Urine in the presence of Glycuronic Acids, V O ~ Knorre G. Determination of Carbon in the presence of Osmium 234 ____-___- New method for the estimation of Manganese 68 Von Kupffer A, cmd Dupre - Stability of Potassium tetroxalate and Sodium Von Raumer - Iiifluence of Cane-Sugar aud Dextrin in the Bees’ Food upon the Von Rigler G. Application of Serum diagnosis to the examination of Food 157 Votocek E. Identification of Sugars 255 Vournasos A.C. Detection and estimation of Lactic Acid in the Gastric juice 160 ____- a:zd Thibault P. New method of Organic analysis 333 Vozjrik A Estimsttion of Guanidine 283 Vultb 13. T. und Gibson H. W, Metallic Soaps from Linseed Oil. Wacker L. Non return valve for Water-pumps 38 Wahl R. aiad Henius M. American Handy Book of the Brewing Ualting and Walker J. cmcl Warburton G. Hexabromides of Glycerides and Fatty Acids 237 - J. H. cmcl Robertshaw C. D. Determination of Jlineral Oil in Rosin Oil 238 Walnut Oil Lard and Bulgarian Buflalo and Sheep Butter Some analyses of 9 Walters H. E. Bmmoniuin persulphate as a substitute for Lead peroxide in the colorimetric estimation of Manganese 27 _________ nizd Miller R. Accurate estimation of Sulphur in Iron by the evolu-Wanner’s new form of Pyrometer 311 Warburton G.nizd Walker J. Hexabromidefi of Glycerides and Fatty Acids 237 Ward Pearks Gunston and Tee (Ltd.) u Milk-blended Butter case 164 Warren B. W. J. Estimation of Boric Acid in Butter 182 Warwick A. W. cmcZ Kyle T. D. Volumetric Estimation of Bisniuth in ores 130 Water Oxygen dissolved in Colorimetric method for deFerminiug 104 - Notes on the detection of nlercury in cases of Poisoning 299 Colour of Waters 296 256 oxalate as standard solutions for volumetric analysis 308 composition of the Honey 326 An investigation of their solubilibies in certain of the Hydrocarbons 400 auxiliary Trades Review 74 tion method 206 t in Estimation of dissolved 308 -- ~-from some Typhoid-polluted Wells Examination of 345 - Oven with constant current of dry Air 236 ~- Pumps Non-return valve for 38 - Supplies Public Beciew 39 Waterhouse G.B. Estimation of Titanium in Steel aud Iron 263 Waters Alkalies in Indirect estimation of 137 - Barium in Presence of containing Sulphates 231 - Colours of Note on a simple apparatus for approximately estimating the, -. Hydrogen sulphide in natural Determination of small quantities of 104 - Oxygen absorption of natural Determination of the 341 -_ from the Lower Greensand Alkaline 212 Wax Bees- Effect of bleachingon the constants oE 300 Supply considered principally from a sanitary standpoint 3rd edition, Review 315 29 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. xxxix Weber J. E. Salicylic Acid as an adulterant in Oil of Lavender 327 Weiss J. Comparison of the Stas-Otto and Kippenberger methods of detecting Weitzel A.Action of Rennet on Milk in the presence of Boron compounds and other Wells Examination of Water from some Typhoid-polluted 245 Welmans P. Colour reactions of Oil of Peppermint 277 Whale Oil Iodine value of 199 Wharton F. M. aizd Chattaway W. Note on a convenient apparatus for the Alkaloids in toxicology 195 chemicals 274 chemical and bacteriological examination of the atmosphere 243 J. C. Bromime test for Strychnine 122 White A. H. Volumetric estimation of Alumina and free and combined Sulphuric -_ J. Spurious Cream of Tartar 118 White-metal Alloys Estimation of Tin in 25 Wiborgh Flask Modified 344 Wijs J. J. A. Use of Iodine nionochloride in the determination of the Iodine absorption of Oils 255 Wilkins W.a d Alcock F. H. Test for Phenacetin 360 Williams C. B. Determination of Sulphuric Acid in Soils 307 Windisch I<. Detection of Cherry juice in Raspberry juice and red Wines 10 Wine Mannitic Fermentation of 42 Wines and Raspberry juice Detection of Cherry juice in red 10 Winkler L. W. Behaviour of Nitric and Nitrous Acids with Brucine and Sulphuric - Determinatiorz of Albuminoid and Proteid Ammonia 281 Winkler L. W. Determination of the Oxygen absorption of natural Waters 341 Winteler F. Determinations of the strength of aqueous solutions of Hydrofluoric Winton A. L. Detection of powdered Cocoanut shell in ground Spices 54 Wohlgemuth J. and Neuberg C. Quantitative estimation of Arabinose 196 Wohlk A. Stahre’s reaction for Citric Acid 196 Wolff J, Solubility of certain metallic oxides in solutions of Sodium or Aunmonium Wolfmann J.and Goeckel H. Modified Wiborgh Flask 344 Wood-fibre Colour reaction far 195 - Tar Chemical composition of Norwegian 127 Wood-Smith - Detection of Arsenic 211 Wyrouboff G. Separation of Beryllium 287 Acid in Alums 230 Acid 162 -.- - small quantities of Hydrogen sulphide in natural Waters 104 Acid 101 salicylate 30 Xereform 58 Yeast Potato Flour in New method for the determination of 121 Yellow Metanil and Mandarin alleged poisouous properties of the Colours 92 158 Zdarek E. Volumetric determination of Thymol 257 Zeisel S. m d Fanto R. Determination of glycerol 300 Zeisel’s method for the estimation of Methoxyl groups Modification of 126 Zeitschel O. nizd Hesse A, Estimation of Anthranilic Methyl Ester 329 Zinc Determination of Silver in the residues from the distillation of 99 - Reagent for 68 -- Strittar M.J. New method for ths determination of Cellulose 256 Preparation of Arsenic-free 26 xl INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII, Zinc Volumetric determination of 229 - and Cadmium Detection of by blow-pipe tests 337 -- Cobalt Quantitative separation of 306 - -- Nickel Method fo-r the quantitative separation of 67 _L_ Manganese Cadmium and Cobalt Volumetric determination of the double phosphates of Ammonium with 286 precipitates Assay of for Gold and Silver 129 - sulphide Cloudiness which occurs on filtering 306 Zirconium from Iron Quantitative separation of 305 Zolman L. M. Polarization of Fruits Jellies Jams and Honey 248 Zopfchen H.Use of Oxygen in the ignition of Precipitates 108 Zsigmondy R. Gold reagent for Colloidal substances 98 Zwickau. See Schindler- Zwickau BILLINQ AND SONS LTD. PRINTERS RAILWAY ESPLANADE GUILDFORD ENQLAND

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN90227BA001

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. DECEMBER, 1902. ~- CERTAIN REACTIONS OF THE ALKALOIDS OF IPECACUANHA. BY ALFRED H. ALLEN AND G. E. SCOTT-SWITH. (Read at the Meeting, November 5, 1902.) OUR attention was recently called to the fact that the alkaloids of ipecacuanha, in some of their colour-reactions presented a considerable similarity to morphine, and we have made a, number of experiments with the view of ascertaining to which of the ipecacuanha alkaloids these colour-reactions were attributable. The best recent work on the alkaloids of ipecacuanha is that of Dr. B. H. Paul and A. J. Cownley. They have recognised, and isolated from ipecacuanha root, three alkaloids - namely, emetine ( C30H44N204), cephaeline (C28H,,N204), and psychotrine-to the last of which no formula has hitherto been assigned. I t does not, however, follow that these are the only alkaloids present in ipecacuanha root, and in the opinion of a high authority there are at least five such bodies present, However, our experiments have been practicelly limited to the three alkaloids recognised by Paul and Cownley.346 THE ANALYST. Of these alkaloids of ipecacuanha emetine is present in the largest amount, but a considerable proportion of cephaeline is also present.Psychotrine occurs in much smaller quantity. Emetine, which appears to be an amorphous alkaloid, yields crystallizable salts. Cephaeline crystallizes well, and psychotrine also forms highly characteristic crystals when properly treated. Emetine and cephaeline, when freshly precipitated, differ from psychotrine in being readily dissolved by ether after adding excess of ammonia to their salts, whereas psychotrine is not so extracted, but may be dissolved.by subse- quently agitating the ammoniacal liquid with chloroform.':' Dry ether has little solvent action on dry emetine or cephaeline. Emetine and cephaeline are separated by Paul and Cownley by adding excess of caustic soda to the solution of their salts and agitating with ether, which takes up the emetine only. In this behaviour cephaeline closely resembles morphine. 1- The cephaeline can be thrown down from the alkaline liquid by adding chloride of ammonium, when it separates in crystals, or the soda may be neutralized with acid, ammonia added, and the cephaeline removed by agitation with ether. These processes must be repeated several times to insure a perfect separation of the alkaloids.We extracted the alkaloids from a sample of Carthagena ipecacuanha root, kindly sent us by Mr. W. Chattaway, by moistening the ground root with ammonia and percolating with amylic alcohol, this process being recommended by Mr. A. J. Cownley. The alkaloids extracted had the following percentage composition : All three alkaloids are soluble in amylic alcohol. Emetine ... ... 50.9 per cent. Cephaeline . . . ... 43.8 ,, Psychotrine . . . ... 5.3 ,, The alkaloids isolated by the foregoing method were assumed to be pure, but we believe this was not strictly the case. The alkaloids were isolated by the same process from a sample of Brazilian (Rio) ipecacuanha root, but the relative proportions were not ascertained.We have also isolated the mixed alkaloids from several samples of liquid extract of ipecacuanha (British Pharmacopoeia), and separated the alkaloids from one of these, without determining the amount, for the examination of their colour-reactions. The process employed for the extraction of the mixed alkaloids was to evaporate the alcohol, dilute the residue with water, acidulate the liquid with hydrochloric acid, and agitate with amylic alcohol. This treatment would remove any glucosides present and other bodies of a non-alkaloidal nature. The aqueous liquid was then treated with sodium bicarbonate, and agitated with amylic alcohol to dissolve the alkaloids. This process gives a fairly constant product, but in order to insure the absence of interfering substances in some cases the.sample was diluted with water and treated with lead acetate to precipitate various substances, the alkaloids being subsequently extracted from the filtrate after removing the excess of lead. differ much in the proportion of alkaloid insoluble in ether. group, which is known to exist in the morphine molecule. * IC is possible that psychotrine is a decomposition product. It ie known that ipecacuanha extracts + The solubility of cephaeline in caustic alkalies suggest8 the presence in its molecule of a hjdroxyl-THE ANALYST. 347 The colour-tests were made in each case by taking up the alkaloidal solution in a pipette and allowing it to fall, drop by drop, on to the concave side of a cover of a porcelain crucible placed on a flask full of builing water.To the spot of alkaloidal residue thus obtained a drop of reagent was added by means of a glass rod, and the mixture cautiously stirred, Under these circumstances the alkaloids from extract of ipecacuanha gave, when treated with ferric chloride, a blue coloration changing to green, as against a greenish blue from a residue of opium alkaloids obtained in the same manner. Frohde’s reagent gave colours varying from bluish purple to violet. The colour closely resembled that given by mixed opium alkaloids, but was not so bright as that yielded by pure morphine. Starch and iodic acid gave with some extracts of ipecacuanha an immediate blue coloration, but a negative or tardy result was obtained in other cases. All preparations of opium and ipecacuanha immediately reduced a mixture of ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide with production of Prussian blue.The isolated and purified alkaloids of ipecacuanha in some instances gave reactions less striking than those obtained with the mixed alkaloidal residue. Psychotrine appears to be the constituent of ipecacuanha alkaloide which gives colour-reactions with ferric chloride and iodic acid, but we believe this to have been due, in part at least, to the presence of another body which could be separated by acetate of lead, At any rate, by treating the extract of ipecacuanha with lead acetate, and decomposing the precipitate with sulphuretted hydrogen in the usual way, we obtained a substance which was removed by amylic alcohol from acidulated solutions, and yielded an extract which immediately reduced iodic acid and mixed ferric chloride and ferricyanide.On rendering the acidulated liquid left from the amylic alcohol treatment alkaline with sodium bicarbonate, and again shaking with amylic alcohol, a substance was obtained which gave a bluish-green coloration with ferric chloride, a dirty purple with Frohde’s reagent, and an immediate blue with mixed ferric chloride and ferricyanide. These reactions appear to point to the presence of a body apparently alkaloidal in nature, which is precipitated by lead acetate. An objection which applies to many of the colour reactions of alkaloids is that the colours obtained are really due to reduction-products of the reagents employed. Thus, for instance, almost any reducing agent will produce Prussian blue from a mixture of ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide.If the substance has a some- what strong reducing power, it will liberate iodine from iodic acid, and thus will give a blue coloration with starch. Similarly, the various shades of green, blue, and purple, obtained with Frohde’s reagent, are doubtless due to the formation of lower oxides of molybdenum, though the actual colours are sometimes curiously constant for the same alkaloid. Quite recently there has been published in the Archiv. der Pharmucie (September 10, 1902), by G. Frerichs and N. de Fuentis Tapis, a paper on ‘‘ The Assay of Ipecacuanha.” These observers generally confirm the observations of Paul and Cownley. The authors state that both emetine and cephaeline dissolve in Frohde‘s reagent almost without coloration, but that the addition of a trace of sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid immediately produces an intense indigo-blue Opium alkaloids, of course, gave an immediate blue.348 THE ANALYST.coloration in the case of cephaeline, but not with emetine. Frerichs and Tapis appear to have actually dissolved the alkaloids in excess of Frohde’s reagent, which is a very objectionable method, and one which results in the destruction of all delicacy of the reaction. According to our experience, when a drop of Frohde’s reagent is applied to an alkaloidal residue on porcelain, emetine gives, as above stated, a dirty-green colour, but this is changed by addition of a minute quantity of hydrochloric acid to a fine grass-green.Cephaeline gives a purple coloration instantly, changed by the addition of hydrochloric acid to a magnificent Prussian blue. Psychotrine gives a dull purple with Frohde’s reagent, changed by hydrochloric acid to a pale green. Opium alkaloids, when similarly treated, give the characteristic purple on addition of Frohde’s reagent, but this colour fades on the addition of hydrochloric acid. The mixed alkaloids from ipecacuanha give the intense blue reaction of cephaeline with great distinctness on addition of hydrochloric acid. This is 8, readily applied and highly characteristic colour reaction for mixed ipecacuanha alkaloids, and one which distinguishes them quite sharply from opium alkaloids. Of course, extraction of the recently precipitated ipecacuanha alkaloids with chloroform affords a method of separating them from morphine when there is sufficient material to work on.COLOUR-REACTIONS OF THE ALKALOIDAL RESIDUES FROM AMYLIC ALCOHOL EXTRACTIONS. Reagent. Ferric chloride. Frohde’s reagent, Frohde’s reagent and hydro- chloric acid. Starch and iodic acid. Ferric chloride and potassium f erricyanide. Ipecacuanha Extract, No. 1. Direct Process. - Blue, changing to green. Bluish- purple. Deep blue. Immedi- ate bluea Immedi- ate blue. Ipecacuanha Extract, No. 2. Direct Process. Blue, Purple. changing to green. Deep Blue, changing to green. Immedi- ate blue. blue. Lead Acetatt Process. Indefinite. Pink, changing to blue and green Deep blue. Negative. Immediatc blue. Ipecacuanha Extract, No. 3. Direct Process. Blue, changing to green.Violet-blue changing to dirty pink. Deep blue. Negative. Immediatc blue. Lead Acetate Process. Blue, changing to green. Violet-blue changing to dirty pink. blue. Deep Pink, changing to blue Immediate slowly. blue. Opium Alkaloids. Greenish- blue. Purple. Purple Immedi- (fading). ate blue. Immedi- ate blue. -~THE ANALYST. COLOUR-REACTIONS OF THE ISOLATED ALKALOIDS OF IPECACUANHA. 349 Reagent. Ferric chloride. Frohde’s reagent. Frohde’s reagent and hydrochloric acid. Starch and iodic acid. Ferric chloride and potassium f erri - cyanide. Emetine. Indefinite. Dirty green (B). Bluish (C). Grass green. Negative. Gradual blue color- ation. Cephaeline. Bluish-green (B). Indefinite (C). Pink, changing to Reddish-purple (C). Prussian blue. green (B).Negative. Almost immediate Immediate blue (C). blue (B). Paychotrine. Pale cherry red (B). Indefinite g). Pale pink ( ). Dull purple (C). Pale pink, changing to pale green. Blue. ‘z Immediate blue. The foregoing tables show the colour-reactions we have observed with the alkaloids of ipecacuanha, both mixed and separated. For comparison, we give also the reactions of the mixed alkaloids of opium, as extracted from laudanum. In some respects the separated alkaloids from Brazilian (Rio) ipecacuanha did not give absolutely identical reactions with the parallel alkaloidal preparatioas from Columbian (Cartagena) ipecacuanha. Where such differences were observed, the source of the alkaloidal residue is indicated by a B or C in parenthesis. A most valuable means of detecting ipecacuanha alkaloids consists in the pro- duction of psychotrine in a crystallized form. Paul and Cownley describe the crystals as well-defined transparent prisms of a pale lemon-yellow colour.AS obtained and observed by us under the microscope, psychotrine forms very minute crystals, which appear to belong to the regular system. Many of them appear to be octohedra, and closely resemble microscopic crystals of arsenious oxide. Other crystals present a remarkable resemblance to granules of rice-starch. Crystals of psychotrine for microscopic observation are readily obtained by shaking out an amylic alcohol or chloroform solution of the alkaloid with a little dilute acetic acid. The acid liquid is separated, concentrated if necessary, and placed in a watchglass, or, preferably, on a microscope-slide furnished with a cell. A watch-glass or small beaker is then moistened internally with ammonia, and inverted over the alkaloidal acetate solution. After a, time the vapours of ammonia are absorbed, and liberate the alkaloid in characteristic crystals, which are observed under the microscope. There is no occasion to employ pure psychotrine for the purpose, the crystals being readily obtainable from the mixed alkaloids of ipecacuanha. We desire to express our obligation to Mr. John Evans for his assistance in preparing various specimens of the alkaloids of ipecacuanha in a state of purity. The blue coloration with starch and iodic acid was much more strongly marked in the case of the psychotrine isolated from Brazilian root than with that from Columbian root.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN902270345b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

350 THE ANALYST. THE ANALYSIS OF PREPARATIONS CONTAINING OPIUM. BY ALFRED H. ALLEN AND G. E. SCOTT-SMITH. (Read at the Meeting, November 5, 1902.) OUR attention has been frequently called to the analysis of medicines containing certain preparations of opium, especially paregoric and cough mixtures of various kinds. The analysis of such complex mixtures is by no means simple, and we do not cldm to have arrived at a complete method of examination. Paregoric elixir, or compound tincture of camphor of the British Pharmacopceia, is a typical prepara- tion of the kind. It was formerly directed to be prepared from 40 grains each of opium and benzoic acid, 30 grains of camphor, and 30 minims of oil of anise, the whole being diluted with proof spirit to 20 fluid ounces. I n the last edition of the British Pharmacopaeia (1898) the opium is replaced by an equivalent amount of tincture of opium, the composition of the preparation remaining otherwise un- changed.The composition of paregoric of commerce varies considerably. The spirit being the most costly ingredient offers an inducement to reduce the propor- tion present. This practice is objectionable, since the prescribed proportion of oil of anise cannot be kept in solution in 8 weak spirit. Sometimes only traces of ojl of anise are present, in which case the paregoric remains clear when diluted with three or four times its volume of water. The benzoic acid is sometimes deficient in quantity, and is occasionally wholly absent, even in the case of tinctures purchased from registered pharmacists. The opium is the most important remedial constituent of paregoric elixir, and is apt to be deficient in amount or quality, besides being frequently wholly omitted.The last practice is, of course, due to the fact that preparations of opium cannot be legally sold except by registered pharmacists, and hence a preparation destitute of opium is largely substituted by general shopkeepers for the genuine paregoric or compound tincture of camphor of the Pharmacopoeia. So-called (‘ paregoric substitutes ” and ‘‘ paregoric without opium ” are extensively prepared and sold by shopkeepers, and are even vended by costermongers in the streets of London. Some of these preparations are made simply by omitting the opium from ordinary paregoric. In one instance within our experience the opium of paregoric elixir was replaced by hyoscyamus.Potassium and ammonium bromides are also used in factitious paregoric. If a measured quantity (25 c.c.) of paregoric be rendered distinctly alkaline with caustic soda, and evaporated to about 10 c.c., the alcohol and a portion of the camphor and oil of anise will be volatilized, and the amount of alcohol can be deduced with sufficient accuracy from the specific gravity of the distillate. On shaking the residual liquid with ether, the remaining camphor and oil of anise will be extracted. If the ether be separated, and the aqueous liquid acidulated with hydrochloric acid, benzoic acid will in some cases be precipitated; but whether it separates or remains in solution it can be dissolved out by agitating the acidified liquid with ether.On allowing the separated ethereal solution to evaporate spontaneously in a small beaker, the benzoic acid is obtained in a state fit to weigh; but a better and more .THE ANALYST. 351 rapid plan is to repeatedly agitate the ethereal liquid with water until the washings no longer redden litmus, add a little more water and a few drops of phenolphthalein solution, and titrate the liquid with zn caustic alkali (preferably baryta-water), which should be added until the aqueous layer acquires a pink colour, not destroyed by agitation with the ether, Each 1 C.C. of ;a alkali required represents 0*0061 gramme of benzoic acid. If 25 C.C. of the tincture has been employed, the number of milligrammes of benaoic acid found, multiplied by 0-35, gives the grains of benzoic acid per pint of the tincture.The meconic acid extracted, together with the benaoic acid, is too small in quantity to aifect the result, but its presence may be detected and the amount roughly determined by separating the ethereal layer after the titra- tion is complete, and destroying the pink colour of the aqueous liquid by a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid. On now adding a drop of ferric chloride solution the deep purplish-red coloration characteristic of meconic acid will be produced. Meconic acid is, however, extracted with difficulty and imperfectly by agitating its acidulated aqueous solution with ether. The detection of meconic acid in the above manner of course proves the presence of opium in the tincture. When this information done is sought the paregoric may be diluted in a test-tube with proof-spirit till it is of a light yellow colour, and a drop or two of solution of ferric chloride then added. If opium be present, a, more or less deep red coloration will be produced, owing to the formation of iron meconate.By comparing the depth of red colour with that given by a standard tincture a rough indication of the proportion of opium present can be obtained ; but the amount of meconic acid in opium is too variable to allow of much stress being placed on the result obtained. It sometimes happens that paregoric is coloured with cochineal or contains a variety of tannin, in which case the coloration with ferric chloride becomes obscured. On cautiously adding hydrochloric acid, drop by drop, the colour produced by iron tannate is destroyed, while that due to the meconate persists till considerably more acid has been added.The proportion of opium in paregoric is too small to allow of the ordinary method of determining morphine being conveniently used ; but fair results, suffi- ciently accurate for most purposes, may be obtained by volumetric or colorimetric application of the reaction with iodic acid. In addition to paregoric and its constituents, cough mixtures often contain other ingredients, among which may be mentioned oil of peppermint, squills, senega, horehound, and preparations of ipecacuanha. Oil of peppermint is readily recogniaed by the taste and odour. Squills are not readily recognised, the moat hopeful plan being based upon the bolation and recognition of quillain. Senega is remarkable for the magnificent purple colour which it yields with strong sulphuric acid.The principle which gives the coloration is not extracted by amylic alcohol from either acid or alkaline solutions. We are indebted to Mr. A. R. Tankard for valuable experiments on these and other points. Ipecacuanha may be said to be almost a normal constituent of cough mixtures, and is of interest on account of the close resemblance of some of the colour-reactions of its alkaloids to those yielded by opium alkaloids. Amylic alcohol is a far better solvent.352 THE ANALYST. A remarkable case in this connection came within our experience a few months since. A cough mixture was sold which was expected to contain opium both as laudanum and as paregoric.The analyst to whom it was submitted reported it to contain morphine in a, proportion of 0.12 per cent., or more than 4 gra& per ounce. A small portion of the same sample came into our hands, and we commenced its examination in the full expectation of confirming this result, Hence we submitted the mixture to a, process adapted for the separation of morphine. For this purpose the sample was diluted with water, acidulated with hydrochloric acid, and the acid liquid treated with ether to remove the essential oils and any glucosih present. The acid liquid separated from the ether was then shaken with amylic alcohol, and that again separated in its turn. I t was next neutralized with sodium bicarbonate and shaken with hot amylic alcohol to insure the extraction of any morphine present, The solution thus obtained was washed with water, and small portions evaporated for the application of colour-tests.The alkaloidal residue frorn the amylic alcohol gave only a doubtful reaction with ferric chloride," but a very well- developed morphine reaction with Frohde's reagent (sulphomolybdic acid), and an immediate reduction with iodic acid and a mixture of ferric chloride and ferricyanide of potassium. On the other hand, we could obtain no microscopic crystals of morphine, as may easily be obtained from such preparations containing morphine, by shaking out the amylic alcohol solution with a little dilute acetic acid, placing a few drops of the acetate solution in a watch-glass, or on a celled microscope-slide, and covering it with a watch-glass moistened with strong ammonia, so that the vapour may act on the liquid in the lower glass. After allowing it to stand for half an hour, the liquid is examined under the microscope, when the elongated prisms characteristic of morphine are readily detected.In this case, however, we failed wholly to obtain the long prismatic crystals characteristic of morphine, but obtained crystals of an en tirely different kind, some of which were octahedra, closely resembling arsenious oxide, whilst others suggested the appearance of rice-starch. At this stage our attention was called to the fact that, at an examination in analytical chemistry held last January, the candidates were required to analyse a liquid extract of ipecacuanha.Of the six who examined the extract several reported it to contain morphine. We have personally questioned three of these gentlemen, and find that they estimated the alkaloid by extracting it from an alkaline solution with amylic alcohol, and reported the presence of morphine as the result of several more or less satisfactory colour reactions. One of the candidates has stated in evidence the facts relating to this examination. Of course, by suitable means the ipecacuanha alkaloids could have been differentiated and separated from any morphine present, but the point is that, when a process suitable for isolation and determination of morphine was used, an alkaloidal residue was obtained which simulated morphine so as to be mistaken for that alkaloid. We consequently prepared the mixed alkaloids from several samples of the liquid extract of ipecacuanha by the same method which we had employed for examining the cough mixture in 330th opium and ipecacuanha alkaloids give the well-known coloration, but the reaction is nob nearly so delicate as that with Frohde's reagent, * This result we attribute t o the fact that we worked on a very limited amount of material.THE ANALYST.353 question. We found the alkaloidal residue to give a well-marked greenish-blue coloration with neutral ferric chloride; a crimson changing to purple and blue colour with Frohde’s reagent; an immediate blue coloration with iodic acid and starch (with certain samples, but not with all); and an immediate formation of Prussian blue from a mixture of ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide.The microscopic crystals obtained were, however, exactly similar to those which had been prepared from the cough mixture, and in no way resembled morphine. The crystalline appearance was so characteristic that we had no hesitation in reporting that the cough mixture contained ipecacuanha, and, in view of the colour reactions which extract of ipecacuanha of undoubted purity had given, we could find no evidence of the presence of morphine. We had searched for meconic acid, with wholly negative results, by the method which we had found serviceable in other caseB-namely, extraction of the acidified liquid with amylic alcohol, evaporation of the solution, and testing the residue with ferric chloride. After reporting the presence of ipecacuanha, the person who compounded the cough mixture informed us that he had actually introduced ipecacuanha wine into the cough mixture in question, but had not made any addition of preparation of opium.It appeared evident, therefore, that the analyst who originally examined the mixture had mistaken the ipecacuanha alkaloids present for morphine. The case affords an interesting example of the danger of relying on colour- indications for alkaloids without a definite assurance that no interfering body is present. The remarkable manner in which the alkaloids of ipecacuanha similate those of opium in some of their reactions is not generally known, and we have felt it to he of such practical importance as to warrant us in bringing the matter before the Society in the detailed manner we have done.DISCUSSION. Mr. WILLIAM CHATTAWAY stated that Mr. Allen had afforded him the oppor- tunity of examining a portion of the original cough mixture, the composition of which had been such a vexed question, and he was able to confirm the authors’ statements in every respect. The cough mixture gave several of the colour-reactions of morphine, but Frohde’s reagent, followed by hydrochloric acid, gave the magnifi- cent Prussian blue coloration which had recently been found so characteristic of cephaeline. He also confirmed the authors’ statements with respect to the char- acteristic crystals from ipecacuanha which they attributed to psychotrine. There was no difficulty in obtaining from the sample of cough mixture in question numerous microscopic crystals of this kind, and they were quite distinct in character from crystals of morphine obtained in an analogous manner.Mr. ALLEN said that he was glad to know that his experience in this matter was so fully confirmed by that of Mr. Chattaway. There was no reflection on anyone who had made a mistake in the past when these reactions were not recognised, but care in the future was obviously necessary lest a preparation con- taining ipecacuanha might be mistaken for one containing the alkaloids of opium, especially as these colour-tests were much less definite and striking with the mixed354 THE ANALYST. alkaloids of opium than with pure morphine. The remarkable reaction for cephaeline with Frohde’s reagent and hydrochloric acid was of great assistance, but it was conceivable that the reaction with Frohde’s reagent might be complicated by the presence of other substances, and he thought that the most definite and char- acteristic evidence of the presence of ipecacuanha was really that afforded by the production of crystals of psychotrine.PvIr. MOOR mentioned that with regard to tinct. camph. co. a standard had been recently issued by the Irish Local Government Board. That standard did not render it necessary to go very deeply into the question, but simply laid down the specific gravity, the alcoholic strength (57 per cent. by volume), and the total solids, which were put at 0.33 per cent. He was inclined to think, however, that that percentage of total solids was somewhat too high, and wouldlike to hear Mr.Allen’s opinion on this point. Mr. ALLEN said that he was afraid he could not, without reference, give any figure for the total solids in paregoric. I t was to be borne in mind, however, that at present this preparation was directed to be made, not with opium, of which the quantity used to be 40 grains per pint, but with an equivalent quantity of tincture of opium. The solids of the paregoric would therefore consist of the soluble matter of the opium from which the tincture was prepared, assuming all the other con- stituents of the paregoric to be volatile ; so that from a knowledge of the average amount of solid matter contained in the laudanum-which, however, was liable to some variation-it might be ascertained by calculation whether the standard was correct.Mr. MOOR said that the quantity of tincture of opium directed to be taken was 60-9 C.C. per litre, and, assuming the average solids of the tincture to be 4 per cent., or a minimum of 3 per cent., the total solids of the paregoric might fall as low as 0.18 per cent., assuming the benzoic acid and oil of anise to be entirely volatile; and, as a matter of fact, he had figures of his own showing as little as 0.2 per cent. in a number of samples which he believed to be quite genuine. He mentioned this because the standard referred to was intended to form the basis of prosecutions; and if that were insisted upon, any sample falling below 0.33 per cent. in total solids would be prosecuted on. He thought, however, that it was not quite correct to place the standard so high. Mr. R. A. CRIPPS said that he could quite confirm Mr. Moor’s remark thaC paregoric might be perfectly genuine, and yet contain not more than 0.2 per cent. of total solids. In the examination of cough mixture, it seemed to him that ipecacuanha was almost the first thing to be expected ; and with the knowledge that the alkaloids of ipecacuanha were soluble in amylic alcohol, a reasonable course would seem to be to extract first in the alkaline condition with ether, which would remove the cephaeline and emetine and leave the morphine. Mr. ALLEN said that psychotrine would also remain undissolved after such a process as that suggested by Mr. Cripps, and psychotrine was the alkaloid which gave the characteristic crystals he had described. Chloroform would be preferable, but he would be very shy of treating a small quantity of such a preparation as a cough mixture with ether or chloroform for the purpose of removing one class ofTEE ANALYST. 355 alkaloids and leaving the other. As a matter of fact, however, his purpose had been rather to describe the way in which the matter had actually been dealt with in the past than to suggest what might be the best way of dealing with it. Mr. CRIPPS said that, as far as his experience went, there, was no practical difficulty in the treatment with ether for removing the alkaloids other than morphine.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700350

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

TEE ANALYST. 355 N O T E O N H O N E Y . By HENRY LEFFMANN. SOME time ago I was consulted by a manufacturer of table accessories in regard to a sample of honey which had been reported by one of the State chemists as adulterated. The manufacturer did not have any portion of the sample which had been analysed, but brought me some samples which he believed to be from the same lot, and said that the material was from California, and was packed as received, being believed to be pure. Inquiry elicited the fact that the sample purchased by the State’s agent had been found to give the following polarimetric results on the ordinary sugar-scale : Before hydrolysis ... ... ... ... ... 9.0 After hydrolysis ... ... 3.0 ... ... ... The sample submitted to me gave results of the same import, although not exactly the same figures, namely : Before hydrolysis ... ...... .*. ... 13.5 After hydrolysis ... ... ... ... ... 9-5 Dextrorotatory honey is usually looked upon with suspicion. When the sample remains strongly dextrorotatory after hydrolysis, the addition of commercial glucose is assumed. The following figures are reported on good authority as given by samples of undoubted purity : I t is, however, established that pure honey may be dextrorotatory. Before hydrolysis ... .., ... 8.2 7.2 7.3 After hydrolysis . . , ... ... 2.8 3.3 2.6 Polarimetric data are so technical that it is desirable to have some chemical tests for the presence of glucose as such. Most of the data that are herewith pre- sented are principally of value as embodying the application of German methods to American samples, and, as will be seen, confirming the claims of the German chemists.Commercial glucose is by no means the simple substance that it was supposed to be when first manufactured. It contains, in addition to dextrose. considerable dextrin and maltose, some nitrogenous matter: and a notable amount of unfermentable optically active carbohydrates of uncertain nature, among which is one called gallisin. As strong alcohol precipitates dextrin from glucose, the suggestion to test with this would naturally occur; but although honey is largely invert-sugar, it356 THE ANALYST, frequently contains considerable amounts of dextrinous matter that precipitates with strong ethyl-alcohol. Bechmann suggested the use of methyl alcohol, and tests I have recently made have shown the value of this method.The refined methyl alcohol, termed '' Columbian spirit," is preferable. Two methods are employed. The simplest consists in mixing the honey with an equal weight of water and then adding a large volume of the alcohol. The quantities used have been 8 grammes of honey, 8 C.C. of water, and 100 C.C. of alcohol. The characteristic of glucose is to give a sticky precipitate which may become somewhat granular, and which adheres to the wall of the vessel. Pure honey gives a light flocculent precipitate, which does not adhere to the glass. For the second test a solution of 20 grammes of the honey in 100 C.C. of water is prepared. Five C.C. of this solution are mixed with 3 C.C. of a 2 per cent. solution of barium hydroxide and 17 C.C.of methyl alcohol, and the mixture shaken with as little contact with air as possible, Pure honey gives but little precipitate, but in the presence of glucose or glucose syrup a considerable precipitate is formed. These tests applied to the suspected honey and to samples believed to be pure, and also to mixtures of such samples with commercial glucose, gave very cheracter- istic results. The barium method is unsatisfactory on accouut of the action of the air, which cannot be easily avoided. An attempt to substitute a solution of barium carbonate in water containing carbonic acid did not succeed. Apparently the direct action of the hydroxide upon the carbohydrates is needed. I t seemed probable that useful information might be obtained by comparing the condition of solutions before and after fermentation, including the polarimetric data, especially as applied in the examination of wine.The following experiments were made : Three solutions were prepared by dissolving 25 grammes of material in water made up to 250 C.C. The polarimetric reading of each was taken, and the solutions were then fermented at room temperature (over 20" C.) for six days, and again examined. A few drops of a solution carbonate had been added to each. days. The results were as follows : Pure honey ... ... ... Commercial glucose ... One-half honey, one-half glucose of disodium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium The fermentation was quite active for several Polarimetric Reading. Fermented Solution. S p e n S o i i c i s Before After & Fermentation. Fermentation.Gravity. per Cent. ... - 6.0 3.0 1,003 1.6 ... 65.0 43.7 1,014 4.2 ... 25.6 22-5 1,009 2.8 The above data are too few to form a basis for argument, but they tend to show that the fermentation method may aid in elucidating the nature of sample under dispute. Some experiments were made with a view of determining the polarimetric character of solutions of samples in methyl alcohol. Crude methyl alcohol was used. In each case 8 grammes of the sample were treated with 100 C.C. of methyl alcohol, well mixed, and allowed to stand for more than a day. The clear liquid was thenTEE ANALYST. 357 decanted and the reading taken. ture. The results were : All samples were examined at the same tempera- Precipitate PolarimePrio Sample. with Methyl Alcohol. Reading. ... 1.0 Pure honey ... ... ... ... Slight, flocculent ... Suspected honey ... ... ... Marked, granular ... ... 22.0 Pure honey (glucose equal parts) ... Marked, very sticky ... ... 31.0 Glucose ... ... ... ... Marked, sticky ... ... 10.5

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700355

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

TEE ANALYST. 357 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN OTHER JOURNALS. FOODS AND DRUGS ANALYSIS. The Detection of Added Water in Milk by Means of the Nitrate Test. M. Siegfeld. (Molkerei-Ztg. Hildesheim, 1902. xvi., 161, 162 ; through Zed. fur Untersuah. der Nahr. and Genussmittel, 1902, v., [18], 867.)-The author has com- pared the various reactions for detecting the presence of nitrates in milk, and finds that the formaldehyde test is as sensitive as the diphenylamine reaction. ’rhe former test should be made by allowing the milk, to which a drop of formaldehyde has been added, to run on to the surface of pure sulphuric acid. If nitrates be present a violet ring is formed at the junction of the two liquids. I t is not advisable to mix the acid and milk, as milk containing no nitrates gives a reddish-violet coloration, which may be mistaken for the nitrate reaction.(NOTE BY ABSTRACTOR.-Should the sulphuric acid contain a trace of iron, a blue ring is always obtained with milk containing formaldehyde, whether nitrates be present or absent.) w. P. s. Method for the Estimation of Metallic Impurities in Condensed Milk. J. W. Abbott. (Bull. Massachusetts Health Dept., 1900, 37; through Zeit. fuy Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, V. [18], 866.)-The condensed milk is mixed in a china basin with a third of its weight of sulphuric acid, and subjected to an electric current of 1 to 4 amperes. After fifteen minutes’ treatment the whole mass becomes thorongly charred. The incineration is then readily completed over a free flame, and the ash may be employed for the estimation (electrolytical) of the metallic impurities which may be present.w. P. s. Determination of the Casein precipitated by Rennet. L. Lindet. ( A m . de Ch/im. wal., 1902, vii., 361-363.)-According to the author’s experience, the methods of determining casein in milk are not reliable, for the precipitation is358 THE ANALYST invariably incomplete ; and there is therefore no exact method of determining the value of milk for the purpose of cheese manufacture. The quantity of casein pre- cipitated by rennet under definite conditions can, however, be rapidly calculated from the depression in the speoific gravity of the separated milk after the addition of the enzyme. From the average results of his experiments the author finds that on the average the precipitation of each 3.5 grammes of casein per litre lowers the specific gravity of the whey by 1 degree.Hence the difference between the specific gravity of the separated milk and of the whey multiplied by 3.5 gives the amount of casein per litre precipitated by the rennet. Instead of separating the fat from the milk the specific gravity of the fat-free milk can be calculated by means of the formula- 100 D = a x 940 + (100 - a)D’, 100 D - a x 940 100-n ’ or D’= where D represents the specific gravity of the whole milk expressed in grammes, D‘ that of the separated milk, 940 that of the butter-fat in the milk, and a the per- cent age of butt er-fat. C. A. M. Separation and Estimation of Cholesterol in Butter Fat. A. Kirsten. (Zeit.fiir Unterszcch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, v. [18], 849-856.)-Ten grammes of the melted fat are heated on a boiling-water bath under a reflux condenser for fifteen minutes with 20 C.C. of alcoholic potash, made as follows : 2 volumes of concentrated potassium hydroxide solution-1,000 grammes per litre-1 volume of water, and 7 volumes of absolute alcohol. Forty C.C. of water are then added, and, after cooling, 50 C.C. of ether. The contents of the flask in which the saponification has taken place are transferred to a separating funnel, and the flask is rinsed out with 50 C.C. of ether several times. The funnel is then shaken vigorously for one minute, and allowed to stand, the contents quickly separate. The ethereal layer is removed, and the soap solution shaken out five times with ether, using 50 C.C.of the latter each time. Should an emulsion form, a little alcohol may be added. The ether is distilled off from the combined extracts, and the alcohol remaining in the residue is removed by evaporation on the water-bath. The residue is then again heated with 10 C.C. of alcoholic potash, t o saponify traces of fat which it still contains, diluted with 30 C.C. of water, and shaken out with 100 C.C. of ether. After drawing off the soap solution, the ethereal layer is washed three times with 10 C.C. of 5 per cent. potassium hydroxide solution and twice with 10 C.C. of water. These washings are not added to the soap solution. After once more shaking the soap solution with 100 C.C. of ether, this second ethereal portion is also filtered into the weighed flask, and the filter washed with a little ether.The ether is then distilled off, and the residue of cholesterol is dried and weighed. The average amount of cholesterol found by the author in butter fat was about 0.46 per cent. At the commencement of lactation the quantity was 0.37 per cent., increasing a t the end The ether is filtered into a weighed flask. of the lactation period to 0.50 per cent. w. P. s.THE ANALYST. 359 Detection of '' Vinegar Essence " in Fermentation Vinegar. F. Rothen- bsch. (Deutsche Essigindustrie, 1903, vi., 49, 50 and 59-64; through Z e d . fur Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, v., [17] , 817-819.)-The following methods are given : 1. Fifty C.C. of the vinegar are shaken in a separating-funnel with 20 to 30 C.C.of pure, alcohol-free chloroform. An emulsion is avoided by adding water and well cooling the mixture. The chloroform layer is filtered through a dry filter and again cooled, when a turbidity forms. On adding 2 to 3 C.C. of a mixture of 10 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid and 11 parts of fuming nitric acid, a dark-red zone appear8 between the two liquids should fermentation vinegar be present. By carefully shaking the mixture the whole chloroform layer becomes red-coloured, the acid layer remaining colourless. The red colour is very stable. Vinegar essence gives no coloured zone. 2. One C.C. of the sample, 0.1 C.C. of & iodine solution, and 0.2 C.C. of con- centrated sulphuric acid are mixed in a test-tube and cooled. Concentrated vinegar essence gives a clear, dark-red coloration, and water containing 1 per cent.of essence a clear yellow colour. Pure fermentation vinegar yields a dark-red coloration ; the fluid soon becomes turbid and opaque, and a greenish layer forms on the surface. Dilute fermentation vinegar gives a dark-red colour, soon becoming turbid. Mixtures of 100 C.C. of 10 per cent. fermentation vinegar with 20, 10, and 5 C.C. of vinegar essence give clear red colours; with less than 2.5 C.C. the mixture is still red, but soon becomes turbid. When fermentation vinegar is distilled the distillate yields a clear, bright-yellow colour, whilst the residue gives a turbid red coloration. Vinegar essence which has been allowed to stand in contact with vinegar shavings for a con- siderable time shows, when tested by this method, a dark-red colour which remains clear.Twenty C.C. of this dilute solution are placed in a wash-bottle, which is connected to a second wash-bottle containing 5 C.C. of sulphuric acid (1 : 3) and 19 C.C. of & permanganate solution. A strong regular current' of air, which has first been passed through an alkaline solution of permanganate, is drawn through the vinegar and permanganate solutions for two minutes. The wash-bottle containing the latter is then detached and placed for five minutes on a boiling-water bath. Ten C.C. of i& oxalic acid solution are then added, and the titration completed with i& permanganate. A blank test should be made, using 20 c.c of water. Vinegar essence destroys practically no permanganate.Fermentation vinegar, according to the amount of alcohol, etc., it contains, uses at least 1 C.C. of the permanganate. An attempt is made to render 3. The vinegar to be tested is diluted down to 1 per cent. this test quantitative, but without satisfactory results. w. P. s. The Estimation of Caffeine. J. Katz. (Zeds. f. angew. Chem., 1902, xxxix., 1013.)-The method is a modification of that of Beitter. Of the sample, 10 grammes are taken and shaken for half an hour with 200 grammes of chloroform and 0.5 gramme of ammonia. After settling, the chloroform solution is filtered through a Sander360 THE ANALYST. filter in order to obtain 150 grammes of clear water-free filtrate, The chloroform is distilled off entirely, and the residue is dissolved in 5 C.C.of ether, then 20 C.C. of 0.5 per cent. hydrochloric acid are added, and the ether is boiled away. When cold, the aqueous liquid is filtered, the flask and filter being washed several times with 0.5 per cent. hydrochloric acid, and the acid filtrate is shaken out four times with chloroform, using 20 C.C. each time. The chloroform solution is filtered if necessary, and the solvent is distilled off. The above method is used for coffee-beans, black tea, guarana, and kola-nuts. In the case of Paraguay tea, the material is treated with chloroform and ammonia as already described, the solution evaporated, and the residue dissolved in ether. Water is then added, the ether is boiled away, and 2 C.C. of water are introduced, having 5 per cent. of lead hydroxide in suspension. The liquid is heated for ten minutes on the water-bath, then a few decigrammes of calcined magnesia are added, and the liquid after cooling is filtered. The filtrate, which should be clear and only slightly coloured, is extracted in a, 6‘ perfora,tor3’ for two hours or shaken out with chloroform, and the extract is evaporated down. A. M. A Test for Phenacetin. F. H. Alcock and W. Wilkins. (Pharm. Jourm., 1902, 258.)-A purple coloration is obtained on strongly heating 0.01 gramme of phenacetin with 5 C.C. of pure sulphuric acid. On pouring the solution, when nearly cold, into a large bulk of water and adding ammonium hydroxide, a deep purple- coloured solution results. Should any charring have taken place, the solution must be filtered before making ammoniacal. Phenaeone, sulphonal, and acetanilide give entirely different results. w. P. s.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700357

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

360 THE ANALYST. TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. The Forensic Value of ( ( Florence's Crystals.” N. Bocarius. ( VierteZjahr- schr. gericht. Med. u. ofentb. Sanitatsw. , 1901, xxi., 255-266; through Zeit. f.iir Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genuussrnittel, 1902, v., 942,943.)-Florence’s crystals (see ANALYST, xxiii., 320) are not onlyobtained with human seminal fluid, but also with that of animals as well as with other animal and vegetable substances, such as extracts from the liver, the blood of common insects, caterpillars, etc. The crystals are always obtained even ’from the smallest trace of human semen, whether it be wet or dry, fresh or decom- posed, except when the semen is coloured emerald-green or orange by micro-organisms. Animal seminal fluid and bodies not of a spermatic nature react more feebly with the iodine (Florence’s) solution than does human semen.The crystals may be obtained with various iodine solutions, but the reagent must contain excess of iodine. The age of the seminal traces does not influence the reacbion, nor does a high temperature or decomposition, but the presence of large quantities of blood, and other animal fluids, interferes with the formation of the crystals; an excess of liquid-water or reagent-as well as an excess of potassium iodide in the latter, should be avoided. The form of the crystals is altered accordingTHE ANALYST. 361 to the reagent used, and by other causes. The actual substance which forms the crystals in the presence of iodine exists not only in seminal fluids, but also in many organic bodies. Florence's reagent is, therefore, only a selective test.W. P. 8. The Nature of the Substance which causes the Formation of " Florence's Crystals.'' (Zeit. physiok Che~n., 1902, xxxiv., 339-346 ; through Zeit. fiir Untersuch. der Nahr. and Genussmittel, 1902, v., 943.)-To ascertain the nature of these crystals the author carried out a number of experiments with the seminal fluids of men and horses, the livers of oxen, and human brains and livers. These were first treated with 2 per cent. formaldehyde solution, and by acting on the extracts of the various objects with a solution of iodine in sodium iodide large quantities of crystals were obtained. The latter keep well if allowed to stand in the iodine solution. After decomposing the crystals with silver hydroxide, the products were treated with alcohol, and converted into platinum chloride salts. On analysis the latter were found to the following percentages of platinum : human semen, 31.65 ; animal semen, 31-51; human liver, 31.82; OX liver, 31-53; and human brain, 31.61.The average of these figures is 31.62 per cent., whilst choline-platinum chloride gives 31.64, and semen-platinum chloride 38.21 per cent. of platinum. The author comes to the conclusion that choline must be considered as the substance which forms the N. Bocarius. crystals with the iodine solution. (See ANALYST, xxiii., 320.) w. P. s. Determination of Mercury in Toxicological Work, C. Pierpaoli. (Boll. Chim. Farm, 1902, xli., 561 ; through Chem. Zeit. Rep, 1902, 265.)-According to the author, the partial loss of mercury which occurs when animal substances have been destroyed by the Fresenius-Babo process is due to the following causes : In the precipitate produced by sulphuretted hydrogen the mercuric sulphide is accompanied by organic matter containing chlorine, from which it cannot be freed by washing with water ; on the contrary, by excessive washing part of the sulphide passes into the colloidal modification, and is therefore lost. When the dry impure sulphide comes to be treated with nitric, and afterwards with sulphuric, acid, in order to complete the destruction of organic matter, part of the mercury is converted into chloride by the chlorine present, and volatilized when the sulphuric acid is warmed. AS a matter of fact, Pierpaoli has found that if mercuric chloride is heated with sulphuric acid to a temperature not exceeding 170" C. the salt is not decomposed, but volatilizes unchanged. F. H. L.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700360

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 361 ORGANiC ANALYSIS. (zeit. phpiol. Chem., 1902, xxxvi., 51 ; Chem. Rev. Fett-u. Ham-lnd., 1902, ix., 232.)-According to the results of the author's analyses, normal adult human fat consists in the main of glycerides of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids, with traces of lower fatty'acids. The fat of EL The Composition of Human Fat. H. Jaeckle.362 THE ANALYST. child during the first few months shows pronounced differences from the adult fat, being characterized by a high proportion of lower fatty acids and a small proportion of oleic acid. It was not found possible to trace any influence of the food of different individuals upon the composition of the fat. In pathological cases the fat may undergo very great changes (cf. ANALYST, xxi., 171). C . A. M. The Molecular Equivalent of Insoluble Fatty Acids.M. Tortelli and A. Pergami. (Chm. Rev. Fett-a. Haw-Ind., 1902, ix., 182-184, 204, 205.)-The ordinary process of determining the molecular equivalent of fatty acids consists of dissolving a weighed quantity in alcohol and titrating the solution with & alkali. It has usually been assumed that the acid value thus found is identical with the saponification value. The authors, however, point out that there is a great dis- crepancy between the recorded molecular equivalents of the fatty acids of different oils and their known composition. The cause of this source of error, which is clearly shown in the following examples, is to be attributed to the presence of lactones : Oil or Fat. Almond oil : 2 i years old ...... 2+ years old ... ... 2 years old . . . ... 24 years old ... ... 3 years old ... ... 2 years old ... . . L Fresh, rendered by heat Lard : 2 years old ... ... Fresh, rendered by heat Palmitic acid , , . ... Stearic acid ... ... Oleic acid, from olive oil.. . Fresh, cold-drawn . . . Cotton-seed oil : Fresh, cold-drawn . . . Colxa, oil : Fresh, cold-drawn . . . Castor oil : Fresh, cold-drawn . . , Linseed oil : Fresh, cold-drawn . . . o x tallow : Oil or Fat. - Acid Value. I. 1 -50 0.70 0.19 3.80 3.7 0.55 3.29 1.9 2.70 0.30 4.3 1.4 0.2 5-9 - - - Saponi- fication Value. 11. 193.6 193.6 195.2 198.3 172.2 174-9 - 181-3 192.6 189-8 199.6 200 -0 196.8 196.8 - - - Insoluble Fatty Acids. Acid Value. 111. 196.0 195% 194.3 200.9 178.3 176.6 183-1 187.0 191.5 194.6 205.4 205.7 2034 205-0 202.7 198.7 199.5 Saponi- fication Value.IV. 202.2 203.2 204.5 203-1 182.5 181.2 189.0 191.1 205.4 201-8 207.1 209-9 203 *1 204.8 218.7 198 *9 201-4 Mean Molecular Equivalent of Fatty I Acids. - % 3alculated Crom Acid Value. V. 286.2 286-5 288.7 279.2 314.6 317.7 306.4 300.0 292.8 288.2 273.1 272.7 275.8 273.4 276.5 282.3 281.2 Calculated from Saponifica ,ion Value. VI. 277.5 278.3 274.3 276-2 307.4 309.6 296.7 294.3 273.2 277.9 270.8 267.2 276.2 273.9 256.4 282.0 278-5 Differ- ence. v. -VI. 8.7 8.2 14-4 3.0 7.2 8.1 9.7 5.7 19.6 10.3 2.3 5-5 0.4 0.5 20.1 0.3 2-7THE ANALYST. 363 To obviate this error, the authors hydrate the lactones by boiling the fatty acids with an excess of alkali and titrate the excess, just as in the determination of the saponification value by Koettstorfer’s method.C. A. M. Some Colour Reactions of Fatty Oils. H. Ereis. (Chem. Zeit., 1902, XXVi., 1014.)-This is essentially a continuation of the author’s previous article (ANALYST, xxvii., 330). It is known that Bishop’s reaction-a green colour on shaking with 1.19 hydrochloric acid-only occurs with such sesame oils as have been bleached by insolation or otherwise. It is also known that, if a sesame oil that does not give Bishop’s reaction is mixed with some other insolated or bleached oil, the whole gives a strong green or blue colour when treated similarly. Moreover, ~t list of oils was contained in the former paper which no longer yielded the Bellier test, but which behaved with sesame as above. For convenience this reaction may be termed the Bishop-Kreis test.It is now found that oils which yield tho Bishop-Kreis reaction also give colourFs with resorcinol and with phloroglucinol, the test being preferably made by mixing 2 C.C. of 1.19 HCl with 2 C.C. of oil and 2 C.C. of a cold saturated solution of resorcinol in benzene, or of a solution of 1 part of phloroglucinol in 1,000 parts of ether. After a short time-or rapidly on the water-bath-fine violet or red tints appear in the acid, which are not affected by the addition of water. Hitherto this reaction has been observed with olive, arachis, sesam6, cotton, poppy, and walnut oils, also with two samples of butter which had become tallowy. A sample of arachis, which gave the Bellier test powerfully, but failed to yield the Bishop-Kreis test, was exposed to sunlight for eight (September) days; it then failed to give the Bellier, but gave a notable green with the Bishop-Kreis, and also yielded bright colours with resorcinol or phloroglucinol and HCI.The acid value (4.4) was not affected by the insolation. F. H. L. Detection of Sesame Oil in Earth-Nut Oil. J. Schnell. (Zed. fGr Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, v., 961-963.)-Soltrsien’s reaction is recommended, the test being carried out as follows : The oil is mixed with an equal volume of stannous chloride (German Pharmacopceia strength) and shaken vigorously, but not repeatedly. The test-tube containing the mixture is then placed in boiling water until separation takes place. A red coloration appears should sesame oil be present, whilst pure earth-nut oil gives no coloration. Less than 1 per cent.of sesame oil can be detected, but attention is drawn to the fact that sometimes the same press is used for sesame seeds as for earth-nuts, and the oil from the latter may, for this reason, show indications of the presence of traces of sesame oil. It may be mentioned that the stannous chloride reaction is particularly applicable to butters and margarines artificially coloured with coal-tar dyes. The colours are reduced and rendered colourless when the test is applied, and their previous extrac- tion with dilute hydrochloric acid is unnecessary. Several samples of earth-nut oil from West Africa examined by the author gave iodine numbers as low as 84.4 to 85.7. Others, from the East Indies, gave higher364 THE ANALYST.numbers than usual-from 89.7 to 95.0. As these numbers are higher than that for pure olein, other unsaturated acids besides oleic are probably present in these samples. w. P. s. Halphen's Reaction for Cotton-Seed Oil. B. Sjollema and J. E. Tulleken. (Zeit. fiir Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, v., 914-916.)-Butter obtained from cows which have been fed on cotton-seed meal gives with Halphen's test exactly the same coloration as does cotton-seed oil itself. On spectroscopically examining the colour produced in this test the authors found that, at a low temperature (550 C.), cotton-seed oil yielded an absorption band in the yellow with a maximum at X 550, a thicker layer showing a maximum more to the left at X 570. By long heating or by employing a higher temperature a second band was produced at h 490, which gradually increased in intensity.A thicker layer, without dilution, caused the right half of the spectrum to become so dark that observations were rendered impossible. On considerably diluting with amyl alcohol, the band had a distinct maximum at X 490, but the band in the yellow had lost muah of its intensity. w. P. s. Notes on Some Essential Oils. (Schimmel and Co.'s Half-Yearly Report, October, 1902 ; through Chem. Zeit., 1902, xxvi., 1005.) Camphor Oils.-Method s of manufacture having been somewhat altered, these oils are rather different from what they formerly were. The light oil has a yellowish colour and a specific gravity of about 0.900; the dark oil is green, and its density is 0.930.A third product is now prepared, viscid, and of a fine blue colour ; it is used in porcelain painting. It boils between 280" and 300" C., has a specific gravity of 0.95 to 0.96 at 15" C., and is dextrorotatory, one sample showing a value of + 3 2 O 55. Apparently it consists for the most part of an alcoholic body, for on treatment with acetic anhydride it yields a considerable saponification value. In spite of its colour, it does not tint soap, and it is therefore employed as a fixing agent for ordinary soap perfumes. Little is yet known of the constituents of camphor oil which are soluble in alkali. On distillation aldehydes and acids are obtained, but the latter have not been identified. A comparatively small quantity of eugenol is present in the higher fractions, In the highest acid fractions eugenol and carvacrol have been found; the latter boils at 86" to 88" C.at a pressure of 2 millimetres. Apparently a second product, boiling at 94" to 99" (3 millimetres), is also present. About 3 per cent. of the portion soluble in alkali dissolves in dilute sodium carbonate; it consists of a mixture of the carboxylic acids of the fatty series, caprylic wid being predominant. Through its easily soluble calcium salt a liquid acid boiling at 1 1 4 O to 115" (4 milli- metres) has been recovered from the crude acids; analysis of its silver compound leads to the formula C,H,,O,; it probably belongs to the oleic series. Oil of Bergamot.-S. Gulli has published an account of this oil. It is only dis- tilled between February and April, when the trees are pruned and stripped ; the yield is quite small, 100 kilos of leaves giving but 150 grammes of oil; probably not more than 20 or 25 kilos are made in any year.The pure oil has a specific gravity of about 0.870 to 0.873, its rotatory power is +25O to +26O, and it is soluble in an equalTHE ANALYST. 365 volume of 90 per cent. alcohol. It contains about 32 to 34 per cent. of esters reckoned as linalyl acetate, part being the methyl ester of anthranilic acid. Oil of Lemon.-Although a large number of bodies have been identified in this oil-d-limonene, cymol (?), phellandrene, citral, citronellal, geranyl acetate, a sesquiter- pene, octyl- and nonyl-aldehyde, and pinene-it is not possible by artificially mixing these substances together to produce a useful lemon oil.This is due to the fact that several important odour-giving constituents have been overlooked. Recently in Schimmel's laboratory methylheptenone has been obtained from the distillate of lemon oil, and tierpineol (melting at 35", A-Terpene-8-01) recovered from the residue. OiE of Lemn-grass.-Owing to the lack of prosperity in the sugar industry of the West Indies, it would seem that attempts are being made to cultivate the lemon- grasses in those islands. The superintendent of the botanical gardens in Trinidad has published an account of some investigations made in the Government laboratory at Antigua on this subject. The oil of Andropogon Nardus var. has been found to 15.5" have a, specific gravity of 0.9084 at lm; a specific rotatory power of + 0" 1'; an aldehyde content of 15.5 per cent.; saponification value, 23; and saponi- fication value after acetyliaation, 168.6, corresponding with about 53 per cent. of total alcohols. The oil of Andropogon Schomanthus gave : Specific gravity, 0.9315 at 15.5" 15.5" ; rotatory power, + 3" ; aldehyde content, 48-2 per cent. ; saponification value, 31.1 ; after acetylization, 69.6, corresponding gith 20.2 per cent. of C,,H,,O. Apart from its slight dextrorotatory power, the former oil resembles Ceylon citro- nella oil, for it is not soluble in 10 volumes of 70 per cent. alcohol, but dissolves in the same volume of 80 per cent. spirit ; but the latter has very different properties from Palmarosa oil, with which it appears to be botanically identical.Palmarosa oil, however, is not a lemon-grass oil, for it contains too little aldehydes, assuming, that is, that its aldehyde is really citral. Liquid Oil of Musk.-Ordinary oil of musk is solid at ordinary temperatures, owing most probably to the presence of palmitic acid. This being inconvenient in practice, Schimmel and Co. have removed the solid constituent, and have introduced a, liquid oil. The new material remains fluid at all temperatures, and is equivalent to six times its quantity of the usual product. The liquid oil has a, specific gravity of 0.909, a rotatory power of + 1" lo', an acid value of 2.4, an ester number of 180.5, and it is soluble in 5 to 6 volumes of 80 per cent. alcohol. Oil of Neroli.-A recent investigation has shown that oil of neroli contains, besides the constituents hitherto recognised, the following bodies : I-pinene, Z-cam- phene (?), dipentene, decyl-aldehyde (?), an alcohol C,,H,,O (probably I-linalool), phenylethyl alcohol (free, or as ester), d-terpineol (melting-point, 3 5 O ) , phenylacetic acid, and benzoic acid.Oil of Petit-grain.-A specimen of genuine oil from Paraguay has been found to have a specific gravity of 0.8912, and to contain furfurol, I-pinene (?), I-camphene (?), dipenteae, an alcohol C,,H,,Q (Z-linalool), d-terpineol (melting-point, 35"), geraniol, geranyl acetate, and traces of a basic substance. Italian Oil of Peppermint.-A sample of this oil, distilled in Piedmont, had366 THE ANALYST. a pale greenish-yellow colour and an odour somewhat resembling pennyroyal.Its constants were : specific gravity at 15", 0.9122 ; rotatory power, - 16" 21' ; solubility, 7 volumes of 70 per cent., 1.1 volume of 80 per cent. alcohol ; total menthol content, 52.5 per cent., 7.89 per cent. thereof existing as esters. The sample, accordingly, did not solidify in a freezing mixture. The menthone, on the contrary, was high-vie., 22 per cent. With larger quantities of alcohol than those mentioned the oil gave a transient opalescence. After removing the bulk of the anethol, the sample had a rotatory power of - 3" 15'. Besides the con- stituents already known-pinene, phellandrene, methylchavicol, the ethyl ester of quinol, anisaldehyde, and anisic acid-Tardy found anisic ketone, a sesquiterpene having a laworotatory power of 5", and a body melting at 212", which is probably identical with the substance melting at 213' C.isolated from oil of fennel. Tardy also considers that oil of aniseed contains terpineol, but beyond quoting the boiling- point of 216' to 218" he gives no proof of its existence. Oil of Bystropogon 0riganifolius.-This is a new material introduced by the firm of L. Riga1 in Teneriffe. It is prepared from a shrub of the Labiate species which grows largely in the Canary Islands. It forms a bright yellow oil with an odour recalling that of pennyroyal. Its constants are: specific gravity at 15", 0.9248; rotatory power, + 2" 57 ; acid value, 0; saponification value, 11.1; after acetylization, 58.83 ; coefficient of refraction, 1.48229 ; solubility, 2.5 volumes of 70 per cent., 0.7 volume of 80 per cent.alcohol. The oil distils mainly between 162" and 234' C. Its chief constituents are pulegone and menthone ; it contains but little limonene. F. H. L. Oil of Aniseed.-Tardy has recently investigated this oil. Detection of Carbazol and Phenanthrene in Anthracene. H. Behrens. (Rec. trav. chim. des Pays-Bas et de la Belge, 1902, xxi., 252; through Clzem. Zeit. Rep., 1902, 266.)-To detect carbazol, anthracene is extracted with cold acetic ether and the liquid evaporated to dryness. The residue is again taken up in a few drops of the same solvent, and allowed to evaporate on a watch-glass. The carbazol separates out at the edges, the anthracene in the middle of the mass. A little of the former portion is removed with a needle, and treated with a small drop of nitro- benzene in which a few little crystals of phenanthrene-quinone have been suspended.In the presence of only 0.5 per cent. of carbazol copper-coloured crystalline plates are produced, pure anthracene giving no reaction. To detect phenanthrene, the anthracene is extracted with benzene and the solid portion of the extract treated with nitrobenzene oontaining some a-dinitrophenanthrene-quinone. If the original anthracene contained only 1 per cent. of phenanthrene, the existence of the latter will be shown by the formation of the characteristic brown rod-like crystals of the condensation product. F. H. L. The Extraction of Alkaloids from AlkQline Solutions. E. Springer, (Pharm. Zeit., 1902, xlvii., 82, 83; through Zeit. fiir Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, v., 935, 936.)-By employing an apparatus in which aqueouaTHE ANALYST.367 solutions may be extracted continuously with immiscible solvents (see ANALYST, 1892, p. 44), it was found that the whole of the commonly occurring alkaloids can be quantitatively extracted with chloroform in this manner. Morphine, not being readily soluble in pure chloroform, is best extracted with chloroform containing 10 per cent. of alcohol, after first liberating the morphine by ammonia or sodium hydrogen carbonate, as sodium hydroxide is not suitable. In the case of veratrine, codeine or cocaine, an excess of alkali is to be avoided. Sodium hydrogen carbonate should be employed to liberate codeine from its salts, as sodium hydroxide is liable to cause the retention of small traces of the alkaloid in the aqueous solution.Strychnine is rapidly extracted from solutions containing sodium hydroxide? and in traces even from acid solutions. Cocaine is also readily extracted, but it should be noted that it is liabIe to decomposition at moderately low temperature; chloroform extracts traces of this alkaloid from acid solutions. Traces of atropine and narcotine are also obtained from acid solutions, whilst the extraction is rapid when the solution is alkaline. Coniine and nicotine must be extracted at quite low temperatures. Other solvents, such as isobutyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, and petroleum may, in certain cases, be used instead of chloroform, w. P. s. The Extraction of Alkaloids from Acid Solutions and Salts of the Alkaloids from Aqueous Solutions.(Apoth. Zeit., 1902, xvii., 225, 226.)- Chloroform was found to extract alkaloids most readily from solutions rendered acid with hydrochloric acid as compared with other acid solutions, and it follows that the hydrochlorides are comparatively more soluble than other salts of the alkaloids. In testing for traces of alkaloids hydrochloric acid solutions should not be shaken out with chloroform, unless these extracts are tested for alkaloids as well as the alkaline extractions. From sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions less alkaloid is removed by chloroform, and in the case of solutions acidified with tartaric acid very little. Only aconitine and narcotine salts are appreciably soluble in chloroform. Codeine, cocaine, quinine, morphine, coniine, and nicotine salts are practically insoluble? and strychnine, atropine, and veratrine only yield a minute trace of soluble salt.Morphine is not dissolved by pure chloroform from acid solutions, but is to some extent soluble in chloroform containing 10 per cent. of alcohol. Morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulphate, and quinine sulphate are not dis- solved by chloroform from neutral solutions ; cocaine hydrochloride gives traces of the free base. All the other alkaloids are extracted from neutral solutions, the soluble portion consisting partly of the salt and partly of free base. The more concentrated the solutions are, the more is dissolved by the chloroform. The presence of glycerol, saponin, etc., has no influence on the solubilities.W. P. S. E. Springer. Detection of Blood Colodring-Matters in Urine. 0. Rossel. (Schweig. Wochschr. Chern. Plzarm., 1901, xxxix., 557, 558 ; through Zeit. fiir Untersuch. der Nahr. und Genussmittel, 1902, v., 942.)-The urine is strongly acidified with acetic acid and shaken out with an equal volume of ether, A drop of water is added to the368 THE ANALYST. ethereal extract, and then 15 to 30 drops of old oil of turpentine or 5 to 6 drops of fresh hydrogen peroxide. After shaking, 10 to 20 drops of a freshly-prepared 2 per cent. solution of Barbadoes aloin in alcohol (70-90 per cent.) are added, and the mixture is again well shaken. In the presence of minute traces of blood-too small to be detected spectroscopically-the aqueous layer becomes distinctly red in colour within three minutes.After ten minutes the colour turns to bright cherry red. w. P. s. A New Colorimetric Method of determining Mercury in Urine, Schu- macher and W. Jung. (Zeit. anal. Chem., 1902, xli., 461-484.)-As a rule, 500 C.C. of the urine are taken, but if subsequently no coloration is given with hydrogen sulphide, the amount of mercury, if present, cannot exceed 0.6 milligramme per litre; and in such cases a litre or more of the urine should be concentrated on the water-bath, with the addition of a few grammes of sodium chloride to prevent any mercuric chloride volatilizing. The 500 C.C. of urine are heated to the boiling-point with 50 C.C. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and about 5 grammes of potassium chlorate, after which the contents of the flask are cooled to about 80" C., and treated with 12 grrtmmes of pure zinc filings.Eventpually an additional 3 grammes of zinc are added, and the flask set aside for two hours. The supernatant liquid is then decanted from the deposit of zinc particles (which will have combined with all the mercury present), and this deposit washed twice with water, then treated for a few minutes with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide, and again washed twice with water. The residue is now mixed with 50 C.C. of dilute hydrochloric acid and a little potassium chlorate, and heated gently over a small flame until everything has dissolved, more potassium chlorate being added from time to time. The solution is cooled to 70" to 80' C., mixed with about 5 C.C.of alcohol, again boiled, cooled, and transferred to a 100 C.C. flask. The liquid is mixed with a few C.C. of hydrogen sulphide water and made up to the mark, and the colour compared with that given by a freshly-prepared standard solution of mercuric chloride. The authors state that this is the most rapid and simple method known, and they show by the results of test experiments that it is extremely accurate, whilst being capable of determining 0.1 milligramme of mercury per litre after concentrating the original urine from 3 litres to I litre. C. A. M. The Examination of Civet. A. HBbert. (BUZZ. SOC. Chim., 1902, xxvii., 997- 1000.)-The samples of guaranteed purity examined by the author melted a t 36" to 37" C. The principal constituent of civet is soluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, and petroleum spirit, but is only soluble with difficulty in alcohol, methyl alcohol, and acetone at the ordinary temperature.The residue left on treating civet with organic solvents consists of accidental impurities, hair, etc., In three samples examined by the author it ranged from 3-6 to 5-3 per cent. The ash varied from 0.8 to 1.2 per cent., and consisted of sulphates (in largeTHE ANALYST. 369 quantity), carbonates, phosphates, and other salts of iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Chlorides were almost entirely absent. The rotatory power of a filtered solution in a mixture of alcohol and ether was prac- tically nil. When civet is distilled in a current of steam nearly the whole of the malodorous part (skatole) passes over, whilst the residue has a musk-like odour, and resembles fat in appearance. Civet is not readily saponified, and the boiling with alcoholic alkali must be continued for a very long time. When the saponification product is taken up with warm water an opalescent solution is obtained, and on acidulating this with sulphuric acid a layer of fatty acids rises to the surface. In the three samples examined by the author these melted a t 39" C., and amounted to from 51 to 70 per cent. of the original material. The composition of civet can be considerably influenced by the method of extraction. In some cases the instrument used for the incision is smeared with honey, and the civet then reduces Fehling's solution, and has a rotatory power. Fat is also commonly used to smear the instrument, and in the author's opinion this was the case with the samples examined by him. C. A. M.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700361

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 369 INORGANIC ANALYSIS. Technical Estimation of Silver Bromide in Photographic Dry Plates. V. Bellach. (AZZg. Phot. Zeit., 1902, ix., 165 ; through Chein. Zeit. Rep., 1902, 276.) -The film is brought into a porcelain basin and treated in the cold with a 1 : 20 solution of potassium cyanide for about fifteen minutes. When all the silver has been dissolved the liquid is rinsed into a beaker, and warmed with strong nitric acid to drive off the hydrocyanic acid. The silver bromide is thus reproduced, and coheres into a mass which oan easily be washed by decantation. Finally, it is thrown on a tared double paper, washed thoroughly, dried at 110' or 120' C., and weighed. Alternatively, the cyanide solution may be electrolysed with a current of 3.7 to 4.1 volts at a density of 0.2 to 0.5 ampere per 100 square centimetres.F. H. L. Strong Sulphuric Acid as a Solvent in the Analysis of Tin Alloys. H. Nis- senson and F. Crotogino. (Chem. Zeit., 1902, xxvii., 984.)-This is essentially a continuation of the authors' former paper (ANALYST, xxvii., 336). In the absence of lead 0.5 gramme of the sample is heated with 7 C.C. of strong sulphuric acid for a few minutes till solution is complete. The liquid, which contains the tin, is cooled, cautiously diluted with hot water, and the yellow precipitste, comprising all the tin and antimony (the latter in the lower state of oxidation), is allowed to settle in a hot place. As it is, it filters better than the similar precipitate obtained after treatment with nitric acid, but it may be improved in this respect by oxidation, preferably by means of ammonium persulphate. After washing, it is strongly ignited with the filter- paper, and weighed as SnO, + SbO,.::: The filtrate is raised to the boiling-point and the * [Ignition of a mixture of tin and antimony oxides with the filter-paper causes loss by volstiliza- tion.-B.B.]370 THE ANALYST. copper is thrown down with thiosulphate; in the next filtrate iron, cadmium, etc., are determined. A second sample is dissolved as before, and the solution is diluted with a little water and 15 C.C. of weak hydrochloric acid. The antimony (with any copper) is precipitated with iron wire, dissolved in aqua regia, thrown down with sulphuretted hydrogen, dissolved in sodium sulphide, and the antimony itself is recovered by electrolysis.The insoluble metallic sulphides are taken up in nitric acid, and the liquid is examined for copper, bismuth, etc, If no iron and but little copper are present the antimony can be estimated by treating the original solution with hydrochloric and tartaric acids and titrating with iodine, or Gyory's direct process with potassium bromate may be employed. If a volumetric method is decided upon, the sulphuric acid must be cooled immediately the alloy is dissolved, or some of the antimony may be oxidized. In the presence of lead and tin only, the sulphuric acid solution is diluted with hot water, and a considerable quantity of ammonium oxalate is added. After cooling the lead sulphate is filtered off, and the filtrate is electrolysed with a current of 1 to 1.5 amperes per 100 square centimetres to recover the tin-such being the method for soft solders.If other metals are expected, the first solution is diluted with hot water only, the residue washed with weak sulphlfric acid, ignited and weighed as PbSO,+ SnO,+ SbO,. In the filtrate, copper, iron, cadmium, zinc, etc., are deter- mined as usual. A second sample is treated identically, but the precipitate of lead, antimony, and tin is dissolved in hot dilute hydrochloric acid, two drops of sulphuric acid are introduced, the whole is cooled, and the lead is filtered off. In the filtrate antimony is thrown down with iron wire as before, and the tin either estimated by difference or by precipitation with sulphuretted hydrogen after removal of the elemental antimony.If the solution containing iron is evaporated to free it from hydrochloric acid till fumes of sulphuric acid appear, the tin will not be thrown down quantitatively by mere dilution with water, ahd the precipitate which is obtained will be contaminated with much iron. The method is not suitable for the analysis of alloys (bronze and the like) con- taining much copper, as the dissolution does not proceed rapidly enough. F. H. L. Photometric Determination of Iron. J. I. D. Hinds and Myrtie Louise Cullum. (Joicrrt. Amer. Chem. SOC., xxiv., 848.)-This paper constitutes the first application of the photometric method to the case of coloured precipitates. For the readings a candle and simple photometric cylinder were used (Journ. Amer. Chem. SOC., xviii., 661).The iron was precipitated in a solution containing up to I per cent. of nitric acid by means of a 5 per cent. solution of potassium ferrocyanide. Since ferric ferrocyanide is soluble in exces~ of potassium ferrocyanide, the addition of the latter to the iron solution must be made drop by drop, after a precipitate has once appeared, a reeding being taken between each addition of ferrocyanide, and the lowest one being taken, since this represents the maximum opacity. If y is the percentage of iron in the solution and x the photometric reading, y may be calculated from the empirical formula 0-0302 7 y = x-8'TEE ANALYST. 371 Using this formula, results were obtained in a series of test analyses correct to 1 part of iron in 1,000,000 of solution, or, with the quantities of iron used, which were generally less than 0.01 gramme, correct to about 1 per cent. on the iron. A. G. L. The Precipitation of Ammonium Vanadate by means of Ammonium Chloride. (Zeds. onorg. Chem., xxxii., 181.)-In this reply to Gooch and Gilbert’s vindication of Gibbs’s method (supra), the author states that they appear to have misunderstood his original paper, as he himself obtained sufficiently accurate results when working with pure vanadium solutions, and that his strictures of the method only applied to the case in which tungstic as well as vanadic acid is present, as then not inconsiderable amounts of ammonium tungstate are carried down with the ammonium vanadate. The other investigators mentioned by Gooch and Gilbert also only criticised the method as a means of separating vanadic from molybdic acid. Arthur Rosenheim. A. G. L.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700369

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 371 APPARATUS. A New Areo-pyknometer. P. N. Raikow. (Chem. Zeit., 1902, xxvi., 704-)- The apparatus shown in the accompanying diagram possesses several advantages over the areo-pyknometers already devised by Eichhorn and by Van- denvyver, inasmuch as the temperature of the liquid under investigation need not be the same when it is inserted in the bulb as when its density has to be determined. Also it is possible to determine the specific gravity of the liquid on the same portion thereof at different temperatures in succession. The pyknometer is constructed in two parts -a lower, o t, and an upper, p Z. o is the usual weight of mercury or shot, a is an empty space, and b is the liquid reservoir. The upper part con- sists of a pair of concentric tubes, d and c , the smaller of which is 1 milli- metre in diameter, joined together at their ends, and containing in the annulus the ordinary pyknometer scale.At their base the united tubes become the stopper p , through which d passes, terminating in a cone to prevent entanglement of air. The stopper is given nearly parallel sides, is about 15 millimetres long, and is very carefully ground in. At the top the inner tube d expands into the funnel I, which holds about 0.5 C.C. The reservoir b is filled with the liquid to the mark s, which is in such a position that when the upper part is inserted in the neck the said liquid reaches slightly above the point n. The temperature of the whole is then adjusted, and the surplus liquid (that above n) is removed with a small pipette or a piece of poroua paper.After immersing the apparatus in distilled water and taking the reading, the temperature of the liquid may be raised by placing it in warmer water, removing, as before, the surplus fluid; while if the second reading is to be made at a lower temperature than the first, a drop or two of liquid is added to the funnel to make good the con- I d c-- u - 0372 THE ANALYST. traction. apparatus may be made suitable for investigating any desired quantity of liquid. By altering the size of the reservoir, or by omitting it altogether, the F. H. L. The Cause of the Destruction of Platinum Crucibles in Phosphate Analysis, W. C. Heraeus. (Zeits. f. angew. Chem., 1902, xxxvii., 917.)-The destructive agent is phosphorus, which may be liberated under certain circumstances by the reduction of the magnesium phosphate.The author found by experiment that carbon causes the reduction at 950" C., and reducing gases-especially hydrogen-act at a con- siderably lower temperature. An even more dangerous reducing agent is ammonia. It is very important that this substance be driven off at a moderated temperature before raising the crucible to red heat. Ammonia acts far more energetically on the magnesium phosphate if the latter contain free ammonium phosphate, which is liable to be carried down by the precipitate when ammonia and phosphoric acid are present in excess. This condition of things may often occur at the moment of precipitation, but if the precipitate be allowed to stand some time before filtering, the ammonium phosphate will go into solution again.If the precipitate be dried before being ignited, the drying should be carried out at 100" C., for at 130" or 150" a change takes place whereby phosphoric acid is set free. A. M. REVIEW. CANE-SUGAR AND THE PROCESS OF ITS MANUFACTURE IN JAVA. GEERLIGS, Director of the West Java Sugar Experiment Station. Edition. (Office of Cane-Sugar. Altrincham. Price 5s.) By H. C. PRINSEN Second This is a small, well-written book of about 100 pages, by a most competent author, and, although one would expect from its title and size that its contents would be very limited in their scope, it will be found to supply valuable information useful to chemists engaged in cane-sugar factories in localities other than Java. Besides giving a, clear and concise account of the mode of manufacture, there is a large amount of information respecting the composition of the sugar-cane and the various products derived therefrom, and in addition other data of practical impor- tance to the factory chemist. The contents of the book are divided into four parts : I. The Raw Material. 11. Sugar Manufacture. 111, Chemicals used in Cane-Sugar Manufacture. IV. Tables. B. E. R. N.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9022700371

出版商:RSC    

年代:1902

数据来源: RSC