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JULY 1929. Vol. LIV. No. 640. THE ANALYST PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS AND OTHER ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS. Furfural and Diastase in Heated Honey. BY L. H. LAMPITT D.Sc. F.I.C. E. B. HUGHES M.Sc. F.I.C. AND H. S. ROOKE M.Sc. A.I.C. (Read at the Meeting April 3 1929.) THE presence of furfural and its derivatives in honey is generally stated in the literature to be indicative of the addition of commercial invert sugar to the natural product but the claim is often made that a slight positive reaction (to the Fiehe test or to the furfuraldehyde test) may be obtained if the honey has been previously subjected to heat. Honey in practice is heated during the “vatting” process for mixing or blending and it is therefore apparent that the whole question of the reaction of honey to the tests for furfural is of some importance.The scheme of the work naturally falls under the following:-(a) Critical examination of the tests used hitherto for the detection of furfural and its derivatives in honey with the development of the technique used in this work. (b) The literature referring to the interpretation of positive tests. (c) A study of the action of heat on honey with reference to the production of furf ural. To this has been added a short note on the effect of heat on the diastatic activity of honey a point which also appeared of some interest. TESTS FOR HYDROXY-METHYL FURFURAL AND FOR FURFURALDEHYDE IN HONEY. HYDROXY-METHYL FURFURAL.-(a) Fiehe’s Test.-The test as originally described by Fiehe,l was as follows:-Ten grms.of honey are rubbed for 5 minutes 38 382 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY with sufficient ether in a mortar; the ether which is coloured a pale yellow is decanted off and evaporated to dryness at room temperature. To the residue so obtained are added 2 drops of 1 per cent. resorcinol in fuming hydrochloric acid. The production of an immediate cherry-red colour (sometimes violet tinted) is a positive indication of furfural derivative. This method of procedure does not result in satisfactory extraction and, moreover the colour immediately formed is not a reliable indication because it changes rapidly. (b) CaiZZas’s Modificatioa.-Caillas2 criticises the method and suggests the following modification:-Extract 5 grms. of the honey in a test-tube with 5 C.C.of ether by shaking for one or two minutes decant off the ethereal extract to this add 2 C.C. of a freshly prepared 1 per cent. solution of resorcinol in pure hydrochloric acid noting the immediate colour’ produced in the acid portion and the colour after standing for 20 minutes. Here again the method of extraction is unsatisfactory. (c) A .O.A .C. (Terctative) Method.-The A.0.A.C3 specifies the following conditions:-Ten C.C. of a 50 per cent. solution of honey are extracted with 5 C.C. of ether; for the test a large drop of fresh 1 per cent. resorcinol in concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to 2 C.C. of the ethereal solution and shaken. It is directed that a cherry-red colour appearing immediately indicates commercial invert sugar but that yellow or salmon shades have no significance.Criticisms of this method are that only a small amount of honey is used and the size of the drop of reagent makes an appreciable difference in the results. We find that by this test it is not easy to detect 5 per cent. of commercial invert sugar added to a dark honey though 10 per cent. can be detected fairly readily. (d) Roux and Muttelet’s Modi3catio.n.-Further modifications described by Roux and Muttelet4 are as follows:-Twenty grms. of honey are dissolved in 20 C.C. of cold water and the solution extracted with 20 C.C. of ether which is then decanted and allowed to evaporate at room temperature a few drops of resorchol reagent being added to the residue. The objection here is that in the case of dark-coloured honey the yellow residue containing wax from the ethereal extract changes the colour given by the reagent.(c) Method adopted fur this work.-We have found that most satisfactory results and most sensitive reactions can be obtained by employing a modified Roux and Muttelet method using 40 C.C. of ether for the extraction and taking up the residue after the evaporation of the ether in a small quantity of the solvent, in order to minimise the effect of the coloured residue but at the same time to retain the furfural material in a concentrated solution. The following are the details of the method we apply:-Dissolve 20 grms. of honey in 20 C.C. of cold water and extract with 40 c.C. of ether with gentle mixing; decant off the ether and evaporate at room tempera-ture; dissolve the residue in 10 C.C.of ether using 2 C.C. of this for the Fiehe tes LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE IN HEATED HONEY 383 and reserving the remainder for the aniline acetate test to be described later. To this 2 C.C. of ethereal extract add 2 C.C. of 1 per cent. solution of resorcinol in concentrated hydrochloric acid. A positive test is indicated by the immediate appearance of a pink colour in the acid layer; this rapidly darkens until after 20 minutes there is a deep cherry-red colour at the junction of the acid and the ethereal layers. It should be noted that the resorcinol reagent must be prepared freshly as required because the colour of the reagent changes to pinkish on keeping for even a short time and darkens on further standing.I t is also important that, in the test the colour produced should be noted at the 20 minutes’ interval; if the colour appears after that period it should be disregarded. Only a definite cherry-red colour is of significance brownish colours being disregarded. FURFURALDEHYDE.-(a) A .O.A .C. (Teuttative) Method (not applicable to dark coloured honey).-For this test the A.0.A.C3 prescribes the following :-A reagent containing 100 C.C. of aniline and 30 C.C. of 25 per cent. hydrochloric acid (by weight) is used; 2-5 C.C. of this reagent are stirred directly into 5 grms. of honey. An orange to a dark red colour indicates the presence of commercial invert sugar, but yellow to salmon shades have no significance. We have found it not easy by this method to detect 5 per cent.of added invert sugar especially if the latter has a dark colour although 10 per cent. gives a fairly definite result. (b) Leach Method (Browne’s Te~t)~.-The reagent is made by suspending 5 C.C. of aniline in 5 C.C. of water and adding glacial acetic acid to clear the emulsion (about 2 C.C. required). From 1 to 2 C.C. of this fresh reagent is poured carefully down the side of a test-tube containing 5 C.C. of a 50 per cent. solution of the honey so as to form a layer on the surface of the honey solution. If when the tube is gently agitated a red ring forms beneath the aniline solution this colour becoming gradually imparted to the whole layer artificial invert sugar is present. This method is preferable to the A.O.A.C. method as the effect of the colour of the honey is not so great but the colours obtained are not very definite.(c) Method used in this work.-We prefer to carry out the test using the well-known aniline acetate reaction as commonly employed in testing for furfuraldehyde (the significance of which had already been studied by US),^ as follows:-The ethereal solution put aside from the Fiehe test (4.v.) is evaporated at room temperature in a porcelain dish and to the residue so obtained is added 2 C.C. of fresh aniline acetate solution made by dissolving 1 C.C. of redistilled aniline in 4 C.C. of glacial acetic acid. In positive tests a pink to orange colour appears within 15 minutes. Both the Fiehe test and the aniline test as described will give distinct positive reactions with honey containing 5 per cent.of commercial invert sugar strong colours in both cases being obtained when 10 per cent. of invert sugar is present. Commercial invert sugar is considered to be present only when positive reactions are given by both the aniline acetate and Fiehe tests 384 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY I t is important that reagents (ether and acetic acid) should be free from furfural bodies as ascertained by control tests. LITERATURE REFERRING TO FURFURAL TESTS ON HEATED HoNEu.-The following are the most important references to the interpretation of the results of furfural tests in connection with the effect of heat on honey:-Leach4 states that boiled honey will give a positive aniline test for furfural, but adds that such treatment impairs the flavour and is probably never practised.In the Fiehe test an immediate orange to rose colour disappearing quickly may be due to heated honey. Woodman' considers that positive aniline chloride and Fiehe reactions are sometimes given by heated honey but usually in the case of honey heated to the temperature prevailing in commercial blending the tests if used with discrimina-tion will be found reliable. Cox,* referring to the application of Fiehe's test to heated honey states that it may give a'momentary pink colour if the heating has been sufficiently prolonged. Mutteletg found that even after honey had been heated at 105-110" C. for three hours yielding a caramelised product very much unlike honey in appearance and flavour only very faint colours were produced in Fiehe's test.CaillaslO claimed that the colour produced in the Fiehe test with honey con-taining 1 per cent. of added invert sugar could easily be distinguished from that given by heated honey. He found that heated honey gives no colour immediately, but on prolonged standing a cherry colour may be produced though after 20 minutes the colour is very much lighter than would be obtained with 1 per cent. of invert sugar. We have not been able to obtain such delicacy of reaction; probably this author used very light-coloured honey and his invert sugar must have contained much furfural. Voermans and Bakkerll heated genuine honey for 6 hours in a boiling water-bath and also for 3 hours at 105" C. rendering the honey quite unpalatable but the heated samples gave only transient and very slight rose colours in the Fiehe tests.The A.0.A.C.12 conducted some experiments on heated honey but the results are not very consistent. The conclusion was that honey heated to 72" C. for 1 hour 80" C. for 4 hour and 98" C. for 20 minutes gave negative Fiehe and aniline chloride tests but the results may not be reliable as three of the collaborators obtained negative results even on a honey containing 20 per cent. added invert sugar. THE EFFECT OF HEAT ON HoNEY.-The general procedure adopted by us in these tests was as follows:-Samples of honey were placed in glass vessels in thermostats at temperatures between 60" C. and 100" C. for periods from Q hour to 11 hours with occasional stirring small samples of about 30 grms.being withdrawn at intervals for exami-nation LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY 385 The results of the application of the furfural tests to the various samples are shown in Table I (brown and white commercial honey) and Table I1 (English honey centrifuged from the comb). In all cases the unheated honey gave negative tests by both the aniline acetate and Fiehe tests. TABLE I. Temperature. Time. test. Fiehe test. Aniline acetate 60" C. Up to 1 hour. 65" C. After 6 hours. After 8 hours.* 70" C. After 5 hours. After 7 hours.* 80" C. After 2 hours. After 4 hours.* After 52 hours.* 90" c. After 1 hour. After 2& hours.* 100" c. After 8 hour.* After 1 hour.* - + ++ ++ ++ + ++ + ++ + ++ ++ + ++ ++ + + ++ ++ ---* Indicates that the honey had become partly caramelised the colour being decidedly darker than originally and the flavour also affected.TABLE 11. Temperature. 60" C. 70" C. 80" c. Time. Up to 12 hours. After 6 hours. After 9 hours. After 12 hours. After 2 hours. After 4 hours.* After 6 hours.* After 2 hours. After 3 hours.* 100" c. After Q hour.* After 1 hour.* 90" c. After 1 hour. Aniline acetate test. + + ++ + + ++ + + ++ + ++ Fiehe test. -- (Very slight - (Very slight colour.) - (Very slight colour .) + ++ colour. ) ++ ++ ++ * Indicates that the honey had become partly caramelised the colour being decidedly darker than originally and the flavour also affected. Reference to the tables will show that in general definitely positive results were only obtained in those cases where the colour and flavour had been affected and caramelisation had commenced.In other words where the honey has been cooked sufficiently to give definitely positive furfural tests it would be of little value from a commercial point of view on account of its flavour 386 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE IN HEATED HONEY An explanation of the cause of the production of furfural in honey after prolonged heating may be found in the fact that the honey is slightly acid and that laevulose (but not dextrose) forms furfural compounds when treated with acids. The samples of honey used in these tests had an acidity equivalent to about 10-15 C.C. of N/10 caustic soda per 100 grms.corresponding to about 0.05 per cent. of formic acid. The P of 10 per cent. solutions ranged from 3.9 to 4.2. Proof of this explanation was obtained as follows:-Samples of honey neutralised with caustic soda and control samples of the same honey were heated in a boiling water-bath for 19 hours. The control samples then gave strongly positive aniline acetate and Fiehe tests but the neutralised samples gave no reaction (P of 10 per cent. solutions of control samples 4.0; of the neutralised honey 6.3). The relative importance of laevulose and dextrose in this connection was also demonstrated. (In the following tests samples were first of all brought to a P, of 4.0 for a 10 per cent. solution.) (a) Eighty grms. of laevulose + 20 C.C. of water heated to 100" C. for 15 minutes gave positive aniline acetate and Fiehe tests.(b) Seventy grrns. of dextrose in 20 C.C. of water (this is a saturated solution) on heating at 100" C. for 1 hour gave negative aniline acetate and Fiehe tests and on heating for a further hour only a very slight pink colour was obtained in each test. A 74 per cent. (saturated) solution of equal amounts of laevulose and dextrose gave positive results in both tests after heating for 15 minutes at 100" C. (c) INTERPRETATION OF POSITIVE FURFURAL TESTS.-AS a result of our work we are of the opinion that if any sample of honey gives positive aniline acetate and Fiehe tests it is adulterated with commercial invert sugar unless there is marked evidence that strong heating has occurred. It may be of interest to note that a sample of honey containing sufficient added commercial invert sugar to give positive furfural tests may still possess a ratio of laevulose dextrose high enough for it to be considered genuine according to the results of Auerbach and B0d1ander.l~ These authors state that in genuine honey the ratio of laevulose dextrose should not be less than 106 100 and that for commercial invert sugar it is generally about 90 100.We would draw attention to the fact that there is on the market commercial invert sugar prepared by invertase in which the ratio is 99 or 100 100 (this of course gives no furfural reaction). We have determined this ratio on 310 samples of commercial honey of various origins and have obtained the following results:-Fifty-two samples (17 per cent.) had a ratio of below 106 100 29 of them giving definite furfural tests; 94 samples (30 per cent.) had a ratio of from 106 to 110 100 8 of these giving positive furfural tests; 119 samples (38 per cent.LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY 387 had ratios between 110 and 120 100 5 of these giving positive furfural reactions; the remaining 46 samples (15 per cent.) had ratios between 120 and 169 to 100. Samples of Californian honey extracted direct from the comb without heating had ratios of 107 100 115 100 and 118 100; two samples of English honey extracted direct from the comb had ratios of 114 100 and 136 100 respectively. It is thus evident that the ratio of sugars in honey varies within wide limits, although it generally does not fall below 106 100.It is therefore possible to add invert sugar to honey of high ratio and still obtain a product which has a ratio above the minimum limit; the above figures confirm this. Auerbach and Bodlande1-1~ further found that the ratio of laevulose to dextrose in honey increased with the time of storage but determinations we have carried out have failed to reveal any such change. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE ON HEATED HONEY.-In the J.A.0.A.C.12 it is stated that honey heated to 72" C. for 1 hour 82" C. for 30 minutes and 98" C. for 20 minutes gave negative furfural tests immediately after this treatment but after keeping the treated samples a t air temperature for 11 months positive furfural tests were obtained in each case. We have carried out similar tests though so far samples have only been kept 84 months but they have not yet shown any development of furfural due to storing after heating.Details of some of the tests carried out in this connection are as follows :-( a ) Two samples of honey heated at 50" C. for 6 hours gave immediately after heating a slight positive aniline acetate test but negative Fiehe test and similar results were obtained after 8g months' storage. (b) Another honey gave negative tests by both methods after heating to 60" C. for 5 hours and to 70" C. for 4 hours respectively and also negative results in each case after the heated honey had been stored for 5 months. Three other samples of honey which initially gave negative tests were heated as follows:-(c) Sample No. 1 .. 60" C. for 4 hours. 70" C. for 3 hours. 80" C. for 18 hours. 90" C. for 2 hour. Sample No. 2 80" C. for 2 hours. 90" C. for 1 hour. Sample No. 3 . . 60" C. for 4 hours. 70" C. for 4 hours. All these samples gave negative tests immediately after heating except in After 6 months' Further tests will be made case 3 where slightly positive aniline acetate tests were obtained. storage in each case the results were still negative. after longer periods of storing. EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE DIASTATIC ACTIVITY OF HONEY. LITERATURE REFERRING TO THE ENZYME ACTIVITY OF HONEY.-Several investigators have studied honey qualitatively from the standpoint of the enzymes present but the determination of the activity of the enzymes in heated hone 388 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE IN HEATED HONEY has received little attention.Gothe'* reported the presence in honey of invertase, catalase and diastase and a few lesser known enzymes. He found that the invertase present had a maximum activity at 40" C. but was rendered inactive by heating the honey a t 60" C. for one hour; that the catalase activity was strong in dirty honey but that a low value did not necessarily mean a low grade or a heated honey; and that heating honey at 60" C. for one hour considerably reduced the catalase activity. From subsequent work on honey diastase15 he concluded that a high diastatic power indicates a pure honey and that in the case of a honey of low diastatic power Fiehe's test must be applied before condemn-ing the honey as adulterated. The diastatic activity was lost by heating above 70" C.but such treatment caused loss of aroma and a honey so treated was considered a denatured product. Invertase in honey was studied by Nelson and Cohn,16 who prepared an invertase solution from honey by alcohol precipitation followed by dialysis of an aqueous extract of the precipitate. The activity of this extract was determined on a sucrose solution. DETERMINATION OF THE DIASTATIC ACTIVITY OF HONEY.-TWO methods for the determination of the diastatic power of honey have been investigated by us namely Fiehe's modification of Gothe's method1' and Ohlsson's malt extract method.l* AuzingerlS studied diastase catalase and peroxidase in various kinds of honey but he carried out no quantitative work on heated honey.Qualitative tests showed that the diastase was destroyed at temperatures above 75°C. The former method was used for several different samples of honey and typical results obtained are given in Table 111. Fiehe considered that honey TABLE 111. GOTHE NUMBERS OF HONEY SAMPLES. Gothe number. (1) Genuine honey . . . I . 18.0 (2) Genuine honey . . 23.5 (3) Genuine honey . . . . 16.0 (4) Genuine honey . . 18.0 (5) Genuine honey . . . . 15.0 (6) Genuine honey . . . . . . 10.3 (7) Genuine honey . . . . . . 13.9 (8) Adulterated honey . . . . 13-0 (9) Containing 50 per cent. of added invert sugar 3.0 giving a number below 17.9 was to be regarded as suspicious and below 10.9 as definitely adulterated. On this basis only samples 2 and 4 are satisfactory, yet only 8 and 9 gave positive furfural tests.It appears therefore that Fiehe's standards require modification but too much reliance cannot be placed on diastase tests as heat considerably affects the diastatic power. This method was not further employed by us as it did not prove suitable for the detection of small changes in diastatic power LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY 389 Ohlsson recognised the presence in malt extract of two enzymes one he called " Saccharogen-amylase," which gives products in which reducing sugars (especially maltose) predominate and the other " Dextrinogen-amylase," which gives pre-dominantly dextrin when the malt extract is allowed to react with starch. The following method used by us for honey is a modification of that described by Ohlsson .(a) Dextrinoge~z-amyZase.-A series of tubes was prepared containing 1 C.C. of 0.2 per cent. starch solution 8 C.C. of a phosphate buffer solution of PH 5.6 and 1 C.C. of solutions of honey of various concentrations. The amounts of honey were arranged so that the quantity in one tube was 1-25 times that in the previous tube convenient quantities being:-10 per cent. solution 1.0 C.C. 0.8 C.C. clown to 0.26 c.c. made up to 1 C.C. 0.85 C.C. down to 0.45 c.c. made up to 1 C.C. 2 per cent. solution -(The P of the final mixture is about 5.7.) The tubes were heated to 38" C. for 30 minutes for the diastatic action to take place cooled in ice water and 2 drops of N/50 iodine solution added. The colours of tubes then ranged from pale brown through purple to blue.The last pale brown and the first purple tubes and the last purple and first blue tubes were noted the former colour boundary giving a value X for the diastatic power (for dextrin and reducing sugars) and the latter a value Y (for starch and dextrin). The diastatic activity X or Y = $ (2/W + 2/W,) where W and W are the weights of honey in the two boundary tubes for each case. Table IV gives the results on several samples of commercial honey. TABLE IV. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Dextrinogen-amylase. --7 X. Y. Californian honey direct from comb . . . . . . . . 30.8 39-2 English honey taken direct from comb . . . . . . . . 15.9 25.0 English honey . . 20.0 28.2 West Indian honey .. . . 36.4 48-S West Indian honey . . . . 39.2 48-8 West Indian honey . . 39.2 54.7 Jamaica honey . . . . . . 44.0 60.6 Commercial blended honey, No. 1 . . . . 39.2 48.8 Commercial blended honey, No. 2 . . 25.0 35.2 Commercial blended honey, No. 3 . . 40.0 54.7 Containing 50 per cent. invert sugar added . . . . Nil 12.5 Saccharogen-amylase. 8 hour. 1 hour. 16 hours. A r 7 1.0 1.5 33.9 Nil Nil 12.9 Nil Nil 20.0 3.15 7-2 36.3 2.4 7.2 39.0 2.6 6.6 30.9 - - -4.9 5-2 28.4 1.6 2-5 27.3 2.6 2.6 30. 390 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY (b) Saccharogen-amylase.-Two 4 per cent. solutions of the honey were made, one with cold water the other being boiled for about 15 minutes and serving as a control.Twenty-five C.C. of a 2 per cent. solution of soluble starch was placed in each of two flasks 10 C.C. of a phosphate buffer (P 5-6) added to each and then warmed to 38" C. Ten C.C. of the honey solution were added to one flask and the same quantity of the control honey solution added to the other flask the mixtures heated a t 38" C. for 30 minutes also for 1 hour and for 16 hours. The flasks were cooled the contents washed into 100 C.C. flasks 10 C.C. alumina cream added and the solutions made up to volume filtered and sugar determinations made by the Bertrand copper method the results being expressed in equivalent of maltose. The diastatic power was taken as the number of mgrms. of maltose formed in the procedure as described above. Ohlsson's method for malt extract specified 30 minutes' contact between the enzyme solution and the starch.With honey it was found that the amounts of maltose formed in that period were very small and the reactions were therefore allowed to proceed overnight (16 hours). Table IV gives the values obtained with commercial honey. I t will be seen that where the honey has a high dextrinogen-amylase activity, the saccharogen-amylase activity is also high and vice versa and the orders of the activities are about the same in each case. There is therefore definite evidence that honey diastase will act on starch, forming both dextrin and reducing sugars. The amounts of reducing sugars found for honey are very much lower than Ohlsson found for malt extract; in fact they are of the order of those he obtained with pure dextrinogen-amylase solutions prepared from malt extracts whence he concluded that dextrinogen-amylase can form small quantities of reducing sugars in addition to the dextrins.I t is here suggested that a similar effect is obtained in honey and that saccharogen-amylase is not present the sugars formed when honey reacts with starch being produced by the dextrinogen-amylase alone. APPLICATION TO HEATED HoNEU.-The method of heating was as described in the furfural section in some cases both series of tests being carried out on the same sample of honey. (a) Dextrinogen-nmyZase.-Some typical figures obtained on heated honey are given in Tables V and VI. TABLE V. Dextrinogen-amylase in Commercial Honey. Temperature. Time. X. Y. Original honey .. - 44.0 68.8 90" c. . . . . 5 minutes Nil Nil 80" c. . . . . 10 minutes 25-0 35-2 30 minutes 12.5 20.0 Sample I LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE IN HEATED HONEY 391 TABLE V.-continued. Dextrinogen-amylase in Commercial Honey. Temperature. Time. Saq!de I I . Original honey -75" c. 2; hours 70" C. . . 1 hour 4 hours 4 hours 8 hours 12 hours 65" C. 4 hours 8 hours 16 hours 24 hours 60" C. 4 hours 12 hours 24 hours X. 44.0 8-0 Nil 31.3 15-9 6.4 Nil 31.3 25-0 12-5 10.6 39.2 31-3 25.0 TABLE VI. On English honey direct from comb. Temperature. Original honey . . 100" c. 80" C . 75" c. . . 70" C. . . 65" C. . . 60" C. . . Time. -5 minutes 10 minutes 1 hour 2 hours 1 hour 4 hours 8 hours 1 hour 6 hours 12 hours 18 hours 4 hours 12 hours 24 hours 4 hours 12 hours 24 hours X.20.0 Nil 18.0 10.0 5.8 14.2 10.0 5-1 25.0 15.9 9.0 6.4 18.0 12.5 8-0 20.0 15-9 14.2 Y. 60.6 12.5 5.1 44.0 25.0 11.5 Nil 45.0 31.3 20-0 12-5 48.8 44-0 31.3 Y. 28-2 Nil 22.6 15.9 10.0 25-0 12.5 8.0 31.0 25.0 12.5 8.0 25.0 15.9 10.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 Table VII gives the time required for the destruction of half of the diastase as obtained from graphs plotted from the figures given in the preceding two tables. These results show that the diastatic activity of honey (Dextrinogen-amylase) i s considerably affected by heating and a t temperatures above 70" C.it is destroyed fairly readily 392 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY TABLE VII. Commercial honey. Halving Temperature. period. 85" C. Less than 10 80" C. 12 minutes 75" C. Less than 24 hours 70" C. 3 hours minutes 65" C. 8 hours 60" C. 20 hours Complete destruction. 15-20 minutes 80 minutes 4+ hours 12 hours More than 24 More than 24 hours hours English honey. r A 7 Halving Complete period. destruction. 20 minutes 1 hour l a hours 3 hours 34 hours More than 8 hours 11 hours More than 18 hours 15 hours More than 24 hours More than 24 More than 24 hours hours ( b ) Saccharogen-amylase. -Table VIII gives the saccharogen-amylase activity of the heated commercial honey used in the previous section.TABLE VIII. Temperature. Time. 1 hour. 16 hours. Original honey . . - 2-6 37.9 70"-C. 65" C. 60" C. 4 hours 8 hours 12 hours 3 hours 8 . hours 16 hours 20 hours 24 hours 4 hours 8 hours 12 hours 16 hours 20 hours 24 hours 0.5 0.5 0-4 2.0 1.5 0.4 0.5 Nil 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 Nil 13.6 9.0 3.4 28.2 20.6 11.7 8.1 7-1 36.7 27.1 25-9 22.3 21.8 21 -2 The loss in saccharogen-amylase activity proceeds at approximately the same rate as the loss in dextrinogen-amylase activity noted previously. This is to be expected if the sugars formed by the action of honey diastase on starch are due to the dextrinogen-amylase alone as was suggested above.GENERAL SUMMARY.-(~) The methods described in the literature for the detection of furfural and hydroxy-methyl furfural in honey have been critically reviewed and a technique developed for carrying out tests for these compounds in a satisfactory manner. (2) It has been shown that heated honey may give positive reactions in these tests but when this occurs the honey has been over-heated so that the colour and flavour have been adversely affected LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY 393 (3) I t is concluded that the presence of furfural and hydroxyl-methyl furfural in honey indicates that it has been adulterated with commercial invert sugar or that it has been over-heated. (4) Storage of heated honey has been shown to produce no development of furfural in a period of about 8 months.(5) A technique has been evolved for the study of the diastatic activity of honey. (6) Heating of honey causes a considerable loss in its diastatic activity as would be expected but the full significance of this has not yet been worked out. The above work has been carried out in the Laboratories of Messrs. J. Lyons & Co. Ltd. to whom our thanks are due for permission to publish this paper. REFERENCES. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Fiehe Chem. Ztg. 1908 32 1045 and 2. Nahr. Genussm. 1908 16 75. Caillas Recherches des Falsijkations d u Miel 9 (reprinted from L'Apiculteuv 1920). A.O.A.C. Methods of Analysis 2nd edition 202.Roux and Muttelet Aliments SucrLs (published by BCranger Paris) 142. Leach Food Inspection and Analysis 674. Lampitt Hughes and Trace ANALYST 1927 52 260. Woodman Food Analysis 299. Cox Chemical Analysis of Foods 35. Roux and Muttelet Zoc. cit. 143. Caillas Zoc. cit. 13. Voermans and Bakker 2. liffentl. Chem. 1911 24 461. J.A.O.A.C. 7 345. Auerbach and Bodlander 2. Unters. Nahr. Genussm. 1924 47 233. Gothe 2. Nahr. Genussm. 1914 28 273. Gothe 2. Nahr. Genussm. 1914 28 286. Nelson.and Cohn J . Biol. Chem. 1924 61 193. Fiehe 2. Unters. Lebensm. 1928 55 162. Ohlsson Comptes rend. des Trav. d u Lab. Carlsberg 1926 16 1-68. Auzinger 2. Unters. Nahr. Genussm. 1910 24 65 353. DISCUSSION. The PRESIDENT remarked that very often papers were given which had a large title but dealt with a small point.This was an example of the contrary; it was a paper with a small title but dealing fully with a complicated matter, starting with a test which was widely used and but little understood and then dealing with the factors influencing and underlying the test. He congratulated the authors on their valuable investigation. Dr. H. E. Cox said that he would like to congratulate the authors on the thoroughness of their investigation; he envied the opportunity they had of examin-ing so large a number of samples (320) which enabled them to draw conclusions with more certainty than most analysts who had a comparatively small number of such samples. He asked why there appeared a constant slight increase in diastatic activity in certain honeys on heating; also what was the approximate quantity of furfuraldehyde shown by the tests; how many parts per million did " a slight reaction " imply ? Were there any pentoses or pentosans present which could give rise to furfural in small quantity? One reason why Fiehe's test was s 394 LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY popular was perhaps that it was included in the German official regulations regard-ing artificial honey.Many data on the effect of heat on the enzymes of honey were contained in a paper by Auzinger (2. Unters. Nahr. Gewussm. 1910 19 65, 353) and they agreed to some extent with the authors’ observations. Was there any evidence from the manufacturing side that honey was ever heated? Mr. NORMAN EVERS mentioned the statement made by the authors that commercial invert sugar had been prepared with invertase.Had the Fiehe re-action been applied to this product? He stated that honey was sometimes heated for pharmaceutical purposes in order to get a darker colour as some users of medicinal products liked this darker colour. Mr. RENDLE asked if he might answer Dr. Cox’s query So far as he was aware, honey for edible purposes was heated only to facilitate blending and therefore to as low a temperature and for as short a time as possible. With regard to the variation of diastase had the authors determined any of the conditions which might influence this-for example acidity ? The PRESIDENT here raised a point with regard to the diastatic power and asked whether if one found a normal diastatic power did this show that the honey had not been heated sufficiently to bring about the Fiehe reaction? Mr.ROOKE replying said that with regard to the President’s query about the normal diastatic power and the Fiehe reaction sufficient work on this subject had as yet not been done by the authors of this paper but they hoped to do it later. He would like to point out that where they had obtained definitely positive furfural reactions by the aniline acetate and Fiehe tests the honey was pretty well caramelised and not suitable for commercial use. Replying to Dr. Cox’s query regarding the apparent increase of the diastatic activity he said that they had not gone sufficiently into the question to answer this. He had no data on the subject of the quantity of furfural present in heated honey but amounts of furfural and methylhydroxy-furfural were extremely small; for instance the aniline acetate test would detect one part in ten millions of furfural.He mentioned a German (Troje) who worked out methods for the determination of methylhydroxy-furfural; his results were found to be erroneous by Fiehe himself but were of the order of a few parts per million. With regard to the presence of any other sub-stances such as pentoses in honey which might give furfural on heating he pointed out that the acidity of honey was extremely small-0.05 per cent. as formic acid; he had also shown that the P of 10 per cent. solutions of honey was 4 so that even if pentoses were present there was little likelihood of furfural being formed.Referring to the paper mentioned by Dr. Cox he said that the literature on the subject was very contradictory and very difficult to follow up, because various authors had rather different criteria ; for instance Fiehe himself specified that the immediate colour must be noted; in the tests recorded in the present paper the authors had found that the immediate colours varied rather considerably and varied with the colour of the honey; thus a dark-coloured honey might give a rather yellowish colour which might develop into a cherry-red, whereas a white honey might give an almost pure pink. With regard to the heating honey was heated in some parts of the world before it was despatched to England in casks in what was known as the “vatting process,’’ and heating might be as high as 70” C. Replying to Mr. Norman Evers’s question regarding the presence of furfural in the invert sugar he said that such invert sugar did not contain furfural and with reference to the heating of honey for medicinal purposes, he had come across some very dark honeys which apparently were natural and LAMPITT HUGHES AND ROOKE FURFURAL AND DIASTASE I N HEATED HONEY 395 he should imagine quite suitable for the use mentioned. The authors had not yet gone into the effect of the acidity on the diastatic activity of the honey. He would like to make one other suggestion apparently the diastase present in honey came from the flowers visited by the bees and he thought it quite likely that flowers which grew in the tropics for instance might contain more diastase than those which grew in England. Mr. HAIGH JOHNSON referred to the statement that the acidity was due to formic acid. Mr. ROOKE replied that personally he had not made any tests on honey, but in the literature it was stated that the acidity was generally due to formic acid with perhaps some malic acid. He would like to know if this had been confirmed

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400381

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list.James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service.For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer.Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE.JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order.In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech.,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion.I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order.In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts.He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400395

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list.James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service.For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer.Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400405

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400411

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list.James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400414

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400418

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list.James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service.For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer.Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE.JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order.In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400420

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list.James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service.For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer.Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400427

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400433

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn.These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools.A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr.James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65).For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death.He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century. An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate.HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list. James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry.His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members.EDITOR.OBITUARY: JAMES WEST KNIGHTS 133 revived interest in “light ” treatment that Blunt’s work has received due recogni- tion. I t was my good fortune to join Blunt in his analytical work in 1912; this was the beginning of an association which was marked by Blunt’s unfailing willingness to share his knowledge and experience with a man many years his junior, and by a staunch friendship lasting until his death. He had many interests apart from his work; a keen and able field botanist, he was a vice-president of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, acted as honorary curator of the botanical section of the Shrewsbury Museum, and as a judge of wild flowers at the Shrewsbury Show for half a century.An enthusiastic educationist , he served on the board of management for several schools. A love of the Classics, formed in his Oxford days, was retained throughout his life, and his ability as a Latin and Greek scholar was of no mean order. In his younger days he was a rowing man, being in his College crew, and he also served as a volunteer. Blunt combined exceptional charm of manner with a generous and kindly disposition; a scholar and a gentleman, he did much to establish the traditions and dignity of his profession, and his example is one which a younger generation of Public Analysts may well strive to emulate. HAROLD LOWE. JAMES WEST KNIGHTS. WE have recently had to mourn the loss of several of the oldest members of our Society, and the death of James West Knights, at the age of 75, has now added another to the list.James West Knights was the second son of Mr. James Knights, of St. Ives, Hunts. He was educated at St. Ives Grammar School and at Barton School, Wisbech. ,After leaving school he served an apprenticeship with a local druggist, and then came to London to undergo a course of training in analytical chemistry. His professional career began by his becoming chief analyst to a firm of chemical manufacturers in Flint, and shortly afterwards, at the early age of 25, he was appointed Public Analyst for the Borough and County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, the County of Hunts., and the Boroughs of Wisbech and King’s Lynn. These appointments he held until last year, when he retired, after 50 years’ service. For inany years he also acted as gas examiner to the Cambridge Corporation. West Knights joined our Society in 1878, and he contributed several papers to the early volumes of THE ANALYST, including a method for the estimation of nitrates in water (1882, 6, 56) and a description of the familiar form of extraction apparatus which bears his name (1886, 8, 65). For many years past he took no part in the work of the Society, and was therefore personally known to only a few of our members. EDITOR.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9295400434

出版商:RSC    

年代:1929

数据来源: RSC