ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN95782FX017

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

No. 47 May, 1957 THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY BULLETIN Conference on Control of Chemical Additives in Food Friday, July 26th, 1957 FULLEK details of the Joint Meeting of The Food Law Institute of the Cnited States, the Food Group of the Society of Chemical Industry, the Society for Analytical Chemistry and the Association of Public Analysts, of Great Britain, being held a t The Royal Institution, London, on Friday, July 26th, 1957, are now available. 310RKING SESSIOX- The Control of Chemical Additives in Food, other than Antibiotics The Chairman for the morning session will be Mr. Charles Wesley Dunn, President of The Food Law Institute of the United States, who will be introduced by Dr. H. Hamence, President of the Society for Analytical Chemistry. The session will open at 10.00 a.m.with the Chairman’s opening remarks, and the programme will continue Lvith contributions by the following speakers- 10.06 a.m. J. hlr. G. P. Larrick (Commissioner of Foocl and Drugs in the Food and Drug Adniinistration of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) nlld Ur. A. J. Lehman (Director of the Division of Pharmacology in the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Wyelfare). Dr. C. A. Morrell (Director of the Food and Drug Directorate in the Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare). Dr. N. C. Wright, C.B. (Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of 4griculture, Fisheries and Food), Dr. E. J. Miller (Chemist in the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food).10.25 a.m. 10.45 a.m. 11.05 a.m. From 11.25 a.m. to 12.25 p.m. has been :iet aside for general discussion. ,~I~TERNOOI\’ SESSIOY- The Control of Chemical Additives in Food with Special Reference to Antibiotics The Chairman for the afternoon session will be Sir Harry Jephcott, Chairman, Glaxo Laboratories Ltd., and Chairman of the Adbisory Council of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The session will open at 2.30 p.m. with the Chairman’s opening remarks, and the programme will continue with contributions by the following speakers- (Director of the Division of Antibiotics in the Food and Drug A4dministration of the United States Department of Health, Education, and M’elfare). 2.35 p.m. Dr. H. Welch2.50 p.m. Dr.C. A. Morrell (Director of the Food and Drug Directorate in the Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare) and Dr. F. S. Thatcher (Chief of the Microbiology Laboratory in the Food and Drug Directorate in the Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare). Mr. A. L. Bacharach (Chairman of the Sous-Commission on Antibiotics in Food appointed by the Comnzission Internationale des Industries Agricoles and the Bureau International Permanent de Chimie Analytique). 3.05 p.m. From 3.20 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. has been set aside for general discussion. FORTHCOMING MEETINGS Joint Meeting of the Western and Midlands Sections, May 31st and June lst, 1957 A JOIST Summer Meeting of the Western and Midlands Sections will be held at the Queen’s Hotel, Cheltenham, on Friday, May 31st, and Saturday, June lst, 1957.The following paper will be presented and discussed a t 6.30 p.m. on May 31st :-- “Recent Advances in the Analysis of Plastics,” by J. Haslam, D.Sc., F.R.I.C. The following papers will be presented and discussed a t 9.30 a.m. on June 1st :- “The Analysis of Titanium, Zirconium, and their Alloys,” by W. T. Elwell, F.R.I.C. “The Analysis of the Rarer Elements of Group 111,” by A. R. Powell, F.I.M., F.K.I.C., At 3 p.m. on June 1st there will be a visit to the Dowty Group Headquarters, Arle Court. F.R.S. London Discussion Meeting of the Microchemistry Group, June 5th, 1957. THE tenth London Discussion Meeting of the Group will be held a t 6.30 p.m. on Wednesday, June 5th, 1957, in the restaurant room of “The Feathers,’] Tudor Street, off Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, London, E.C.4.The subject for discussion will be “The Micro-determination of Organic Groups.” NOTICE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY The Services of Biological Consultants THE Institute of Biology publishes a Directory of Biological Consultants that includes details of the fields covered by independent consultants in biology. The subjects include: bacteri- ology; fungal spoilage ; industrial microbiology ; dairy bacteriology ; microbiological assay ; food hygiene ; antiseptics ; disinfectants; brewing; applied entomology; industrial and household pests ; biological assay of insecticides ; nutrition, both human and animal ; toxicology ; ecology and land use; parasitology; pollution of rivers; sewage disposal; decay of timbers; wild-life conservation. The Institute of Biology can help industrial firms and public bodies needing advice on other more specialised subjects by finding suitably qualified biologists who are willing to give advice. Copies of the Directory of Consultants in Biology can be obtained from the General Secretary, Institute of Biology, 41 Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7. PRINTED BY w. HEFFER e SONS LTD.. CAMBRIDGE. ENGLAND

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN957820X019

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN95782BX021

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN95782FP061

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN95782BP069

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

MAY, 1957 Vol. 82, No. 974 THE ANALYST PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING THE eighty-third Annual General Meeting of the Society was held at 2.45 p.m. on Friday, March lst, 1957, in the meeting room of the Royal Society, Burlington House, London, W.l. The Chair was occupied by the President, Dr. K. A. Williams, A.Inst.P., M.Inst.Pet., F.R.I.C. The financial statement for 1956 was presented by the Honorary Treasurer and approved, and the Auditors for 1957 were appointed. The Report of the Council for the year ending March, 1957 (see pp. 300-307), was presented by the Honorary Secretary and adopted. The Scrutineers, Miss K. P. Dent and Mr. H. E. Brookes, reported that the following had been elected officers for the coming year- President-J. H.Hamence, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. Past Presidents serving on the Council-D. W. Kent- Jones, J. R. Nicholls, George Taylor Vice-Presidents-N. L. Allport, J. Haslam and A. A. Smales. Honorary Treasurer-A. J. Amos. Honorary Secretary-R. E. Stuckey. Honorary Assistant Secretary-S. A. Price. Other Members of Council-The Scrutineers further reported that 462 valid ballot papers had been received and that votes had been cast in the election of Ordinary Members of Council as follows-D. C. Garratt, 373; H. M. N. H. Irving, 312; D. C. M. Adamson, 289; E. Q. Laws, 257 ; W. Cule Davies, 241 ; J. G. Sherratt, 228 ; W. H. Stephenson, 198; F. P. Everett, 191; H. C. Smith, 183; J. R. Leech, 159. The President declared the following to have been elected Ordinary Members of Council for the ensuing two years-D.C. 31. Adamson, W. Cule Davies, D. C. Garratt, H. M. N. H. Irving, E. Q. Laws and J. G. Sherratt. S. G. Burgess, R. C. Chirnside, D. D. Moir, F. C. J. Poulton and A. F. Williams, having been elected members of the Council in 1956, will, by the Society’s Articles of Association, remain members of the Council for 1957. A. N. Leather (Chairman of the North of England Section), Magnus A. Pyke (Chairman of the Scottish Section), P. J. C. Haywood (Chairman of the Western Section), R. Belcher (Chairman of the Midlands section), D. F. Phillips (Chairman of the Microchemistry Group), J. E. Page (Chairman of the Physical Methods Group) and S. K. Icon (Chairman of the Biological Methods Group) will be ex-oSJicio members of the Council for 1957.The retiring President, Dr. Williams, referred to the onerous duties that Dr. Hamence had undertaken so successfully during the past eight years as Honorary Treasurer, and formally installed him in the Chair. Dr. Hamence proposed a vote of thanks, which was carried with acclamation, to Dr. Williams for his work on behalf of the Society, both as President during the previous two years and as Honorary Secretary for the eight years before that. After the business outlined above had been completed, the meeting was opened to visitors, and the retiring President delivered his Presidential Address (see pp. 320-323). 207 and I<. A. Williams.298 PROCEEDINGS HONORARY MEMBER The Honourable Mr. Justice Lloyd- Jacob THE Council is pleased to record that- has been elected an Honorary Member of the Society.[Vol. 82 ORDINARY MEETING AN Ordinary Meeting of the Society, organised by the Biological Methods Group, was held at 6.30 p.m. on Wednesday, May lst, 1957, in the meeting room of the Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, W.l. The Chair was taken by the President, Dr. J. H. Hamence, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. The subject of the meeting was “The Estimation of Antibiotic Residues in Food” and the following papers were presented and discussed : “Antibiotics and the Public Health,” by J. M. Ross, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., D.Obst.R.C.0.G.; “The Determination of Antibiotics in Milk with Special Reference to Penicillin,” by N. J. Berridge, B.Sc., Ph.D.; “The Deter- mination of Antibiotic Residues in the Tissues and Body Fluids of Animals,” by J.H. Taylor, Ph . D., 31. R. C. V. S. NEW MEMBERS ORDINARY MEMBERS Bernard Michael Allen; Cora Winifred Ayers, B.Sc. (Bristol), A.R.I.C. ; Brian Boughton Bach, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.I.C.; John Austin Clements, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S.; Robert Anthony Close, B.Sc. (Birm.) ; Graham Evans; William Hewitt, F.P.S. ; Robert Andrew Howie, M.A., Ph.D. (Cantab.), F.G.S. ; William Hoyle, B.Sc. (Lond.) ; James Cunningham Jack; Wilfred John Parker, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.I.C., A.M.Inst.F., R.M.Inst.Gas E. ; Edmund Clarence Potter, BSc., Ph.D. (Lond.), D.I.C., F.R.I.C. ; Royston Stenhouse Rankin; John Ridlington, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.I.C. ; Paul Trinder, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.X.C. ; Fredrick James Wallace. JUNIOR MEMBERS Eileen Bedwell, B.Sc. (Dunelm.) ; Peter Desmond Blundy, B.Sc.(Lond.) ; Anthony James Bullough. DEATH William Basil Walker. WE record with regret the death of NORTH OF ENGLAND SECTION AN Ordinary Meeting of the Section was held at 2.15 p.m. on Saturday, March 16th, 1957, at the City Laboratories, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, 3. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Section, Mr. A. N. Leather, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. Owing to the indisposition of the intended speaker, a paper entitled “The Composition of Exhaust Gases” was read by A. Fitton, B.Sc., Ph.D., M.1.Chem.E. A discussion on this paper and on the more general aspects of atmospheric pollution followed. MIDLANDS SECTION AN Ordinary Meeting of the Section was held at 7 p.m. on Thursday, March 28th, 1957, in the Gas Showrooms, Nottingham. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Section, Dr. R. Belcher, F.R.I.C., F.1nst.F. A discussion on “The Analysis of Complex Sulphur Compounds” was opened by C. E. Kendall, B.Sc., A.R.1 .C. BIOLOGICAL METHODS GROUP AN Ordinary Meeting of the Group was held at 7 p.m. on Thursday, April 4th, 1957, in the meeting room of the Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, W.l. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Group, Dr. S. K. Kon, F.R.I.C.May, 19571 PROCEEDINGS 299 The following papers were presented and discussed : “Experience in the Microbiological Assay of Vitamins and Amino-acids by Large-plate Methods,” by D. F. Harris and J. S. Simpson, F.I.M.L.T. ; “Quantitative Analysis of Immunologically Specific Substances in Agar-gel Plates,” by J. G. Feinburg, B.Sc., D.V.M., M.Sc.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9578200297

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

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May, 19571 PROCEEDINGS 299 0 bituary THOMAS MACARA THOMAS MACARA was a sturdy example of those Scotsmen who, acquiring a first-rate education and a sound experience in their native land, travel south and place them at the disposal of a wider public. The major part of his life was spent in London, and he died at his home in Stroud Green on January 16th, 1957. Born in Glasgow in September, 1873, he was educated at Allen Glen’s School and the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. His training as an analyst took place in the laboratories of Dr. John Clark, Public Analyst for the City of Glasgow and a number of boroughs and counties. Here he remained for 12 years, gaining a wide general experience, and it will perhaps surprise those who came to know him later that in those years he became an expert in the analysis of such materials as chrome iron ore, in which Glasgow had an important trade.He had many an amusing anecdote about the years spent in Clark’s laboratory. In taking the examinations of the Institute of Chemistry he achieved a “double”-and was the first to do so-by passing the Final examination in two branches, the Chemistry of Food, Drugs and Water, and Biochemistry with Bacteriology and allied subjects. He was elected an Associate in 1901 and a Fellow in 1904, and served on the Council from 1925 to 1928. Leaving Clark’s laboratory, Macara gained his first experience in the food industry as research and factory chemist with James Robertson Ltd. of Paisley and, later, John Buchanan Bros. Ltd. of Glasgow. Migration south came in 1906, when he was appointed chief chemist to Lipton Ltd.in London. His experience here broadened out over the whole field of food manufacture, and his firm adherence to scientific method in the factory was a match for the equally forthright commercial qualities of his brother Scot, Sir Thomas. In 1920 he was appointed the first Director of Research of the newly formed British Association of Research for the Cocoa, Chocolate, Sugar Confectionery and Jam Trades. He took up this post with nothing but his experience to start from, and in the first few years of the Association’s existence it was largely dependent on him personally. He knew the problems of the industries and, indeed, often knew their solution, but was never satisfied until proof had been obtained. A few years later, in 1925, the British Food Manufacturers’ Research Association was formed, to cover fresh sections and to work with the other Association under Macara’s directorship.He continued in this dual position for a further 19 years, retiring in September, 1944. Based on a fundamental scientific approach, his abilities and integrity made themselves felt. From small beginnings the Research Associations achieved considerable influence, and Macara became the scientific spokesman of the industry. He played a leading part in the inquiry that led t o the Preservatives, etc., in Food Regulations and, later, in 1930, in bringing together Public Analysts and food manufacturers to formulate the agreed standards for jam. This was the first instance of voluntary agreement between the authorities and the manufacturers on standards for a food product. His services to science as applied to food-preservation problems were recognised when he was invited to become a member of the Food Investigation Board.He was the author of a number of papers in The Analyst over a long period on a variety of subjects, and his numerous forewords to the research reports of the Associations were embodiments of great practical experience. Believing as he did in the stimulus of personal contact, particularly through professional societies and institutions, he thought it of great value for younger men to take part in discussions and so gain confidence in imparting ideas verbally. Macara joined the Society in 1900, and it was always nearest his heart among the various chemical bodies to which he belonged. He was a member of the Council during two periods, 1913 to 1914 and 1925 to 1926, and was a Vice-president during 1928 and 1929. For many300 ANXUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1967 [Vol. 82 years he served on the Milk Products and the Poisonous Metals in Food Colouring Materials Sub-committees of the Analytical Methods Committee. On the outbreak of war in 1939 he offered the Ministry of Food all the help that the two Research Associations could give, and in innumerable ways sought to ensure that the technical side of the industry played a full part in the national effort. Sir Jack Drummond, then scientific adviser to the Ministry, and the Minister himself, Lord Woolton, thanked him handsomely for his work. In his earlier days Macara was a keen cyclist and on his bicycle was fond of exploring the Highland roads. Later in life he found his main relaxation in golf. He is survived by his second wife and two sons. C. L. HINTOX

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9578200299

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

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300 ANXUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1967 [Vol. 82 Annual Report of the Council: March, 1957 DURING the past year the inanifold activities of the Society have been pursued with enthusiasm and success. Again it is a pleasure to report that all the scientific meetings of the Society have been well attended and that many useful papers have been presented and discussed. The four Sections have all been fully active and many more meetings have been promoted by the Groups. The one special meeting held this year was a particularly happy one and took the form of a joint meeting with the Food Group of the Society of Chemical Industry on May 23rd, 1956. The long awaited move of the Society’s headquarters to a suite of newly appointed offices on the top floor of the new house of the Society of Chemical Industry at 14 Belgra1.e Square, London, S.W.l, was realised in the autumn.Besides offices for the administration of the Society’s general business, there is a separate editorial office for The Analyst and another for Analytical Abstracts, while the Secretariat of the Analytical Methods Committee is also separately accommodated. In addition t o all these separate offices there is a spacious Council room, which is now being used by Council and the various committees of the Society. The detailed activities of the Analytical Methods Commi ttec are discussed under a separate heading, but it is appropriate to emphasise here that good progress has been made in 1956. The original programme has been vigorously pursued and expansions have been implemented; the A.B.C.M.- S.A.C. Joint Committee on Methods for the Analysis of Trade Effluents has published a number of methods; the newly formed Joint Committee with the Pharmaceutical Society on Methods of Assay of Crude Drugs has appointed working panels, and the Sub-committees of the A.M.C. have continued their investigations, one report having been published. The Analytical Methods Trust has met four times for the purpose of administering the finances of the A.M.C. ; all the promised contributions from industry have been received. As was announced in the last Annual Report of the Council, the subscription of Ordinary Members had to be raised in order to provide against rising costs and the expense involved in extending the activities of the Society. The subscription of Junior Members will remain unchanged.Recently the cost of printing The Atialyst and Analytical Abstracts has been considerably increased and this constitutes a heavy item of expense to the Society. In order to help towards the cost of producing the Society’s journals, the price of The ,4?zalyst with APzalyticaZ Abstracts to outside subscribers has been raised to 6 guineas. It may be apprc- priate to mention here that, but for the grants made to us by the Chemical Council, it would have been necessary to increase the subscription of members long ago. These grants were made from funds subscribed by industry for the publication of chemical researches. Wc can never be too grateful for this assistance, which has enabled us -to balance our publication accounts, and it seems no more than right thak we should use all our endeavours to niake The Analyst and Analytical Abstracts as nearly self-supporting as possible.The roll of the Society now numbers 1870, an increase of 28 o\rer the membership of a year ago. LONG MEMBERSHIP-The congratulations and good wishes of the Council are extended to G. 14’. Baker and H. C. S. de Whalley, who have completed 40 years of membership.May, 19571 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 301 DEATHS-T~~ Council regrets to have to record the deaths of the following members- A. W. Armstrong H, J. Davis R. K. Matthews H. Ballantyne N. T. Foley W. H. Miles P. Bilham D. A. Griffith 0. E. Mott V. Binns M’. H. Jackson A. E. J. Vickers G. H. Butler M. H. Jenkins A. S. Whamond A. Dargie T.Macara W. W7ilson ORDINARY MEETINGs-six ordinary meetings of the Society were held during the year and the following papers were read and discussed- *4pril, 1956, in London: “The Determination of 4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic Acid in MCPA by a Differential Refracto- “Paper Chromatography with Continuous Change in Solvent Composition. Part I : Separation By F. Franks, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. metric Method.” of Fatty Acids. By R. Hill, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. Part I1 : Separation of Surface-active Agents.” May, 1956, in London: “The Composition of Some Deposits and Muds in Estuaries, Rivers and Lakes.” By J. H. Hamence, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. October, 1956, in London, on Chromatography: “The Determination of Vitamin D and Related Compounds. Part I : Introduction and Preparation of Compounds in the Irradiation Series.By W. H. C. Shaw, F.P.S., F.R.I.C., J. P. Jefferies, B.Sc., A.R.I.C., andT. E. Holt, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. By A. S. Curry, M.A., Ph.D. Part 11: Analysis of Irradiation Products.” “Some Examples of the Use of Paper Chromatography in Toxicological Analysis.” November, 1956, in London: “The Structure of Dithizone and its Metal Complexes.” By H. ill. N. H. Irving, M.A., D.Phil., F.R.I.C., L.R.A.M. December, 1956, in London, on Trade Effluents: Introduction by H. N. Wilson, F.K.I.C. “The Determination of Metallic Contaminants.” “=lnalytical Problems Concerned with Oil and Grease in Effluents and River Waters.” “Trade Effluents Analysis: the Oxygen Demand.” By C. J. Regan, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. By X. T. Wilkinson, F.R.I.C. By J . G. Sherratt, B.Sc., F.K.I.C.January, 1957, organised by the Microchemistry Group, on Micro-volumetric Analysis : By K. Belcher, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. (presented on his behalf by J. H. “Apparatus and Technique.” By D. W. Wilson, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. “Primary Standards.” “End-point Location.” By E. Bishop, B.Sc., -4.R.T.C., -4.R.I.C. Thompson, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C.). JOINT MEETING-AS mentioned above, the Society held a Joint Meeting with the Food The following papers Group of the Society of Chemical Industry in May, 1956 in London. were presented and discussed- “Some Xew Factors in Pectin Gel Strength.” “The Binding of Ions and Detergents t o Pectin, Protein ancl Other Colloid Systems.” By Mamie Olliver, M.Sc., F.R.I.C., P. Wade, RII.Sc., By B. A. KORTH OF EXGLAND SEcTIow-The membership of the Section is 406, compared with During the year, six meetings have been held, including the Summer Meeting The following papers L’h.D., D.I.C., A.H.I.C., and Kathleen P.Dent, A.R.I.C. Pethica, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. 373 last year. and two meetings held jointly with Subject Groups of the Society. have been read and discussed- January, 1956, in Manchester: “Applications of Newer Techniques to the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Products.” By D. C. Garratt, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. March, 1966, in Liverpool: “New Keagents and New Developments in the Fine Chemical Field.” By W. C. Johnson, M.B.E., F.R.1 .C.302 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 [Vol. 82 May, 1956, in Bradford, held jointly with the Microchemistry Group and the Bradford Chemical Society, on Micro-volumetric Analysis : “Apparatus and Technique.” “Primary Standards.” “End-point Location.” By D.W. Wilson, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. By R. Belcher, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. By E. Bishop, B.Sc., A.R.T.C., A.R.I.C. June, 1956, in Llandudno: October, 1956, in Manchester, held jointly with the Physical Methods Group, on Ion “Ion Exchange in the Study of Complexes.” By T. V. Arden, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., M.I.M.M. “Some Recent Applications of Ion Exchange in Biochemistry.” “The Selective Elution of Metals Adsorbed on Cation-exchange Resins by Organic Solvents. “Memories of the Past Half-century.” By I?. L. Okell, F.R.I.C. Exchange : By T. S . Work, Ph.D., D.Sc. Part 11.” By R. A. Wells, B.Sc., A.R.I.C., and Patricia J. Macdonald. December, 1956, in Liverpool: “Some Applications of the Weisz Ring-oven.’’ By W.I . Stephen, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. SCOTTISH SECTION-The membership of the Section, a t 108, shows an increase of 5 . The twenty-first Annual General Meeting of the Section, attended by both the President and Honorary Assistant Secretary of the Parent Society, was held in Glasgow in January, 1956, nine of the original twenty-five members being present. The Section was also repre- sented at the annual Ramsay Chemical Dinner. Six scientific meetings have been held, three in Glasgow, including the first joint meeting with the Methods of Analysis Panel (Glasgow), two in Edinburgh and one in Falkirk, jointly with the Stirlingshire and District Sections of the Royal Institute of Chemistry and of the Society of Chemical Industry; the last consisted of an’ exhibition and demonstration of some modem analytical apparatus, which evoked much interest.The Section is organising a five-day Congress on Modern Analytical Chemistry in Industry at St. Andrews University from June 24th to June 28th, 1957, and the appointed sub- committee is actively engaged on the project. The following papers have been presented and discussed- Glasgow, March, 1956: “The Determination of Calcium in Plant Material by Flame Photometry.” “The Flame Photometer in Silicate Analysis.” “A New System of Reporting and Recording Analytical Results.” By R. G. Hemmingway, By -4. J. Shorter, M.Sc., M.S., M.Inst.F., A. R. I.C. By A. 0. E’earson, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. M.Sc. Edinburgh, May, 1956: “Complexones: Some Recent Developments.” Glasgow, September, 1956, Joint Meeting: “The Photometric Determination of Molybdenum as the Thiocyanate.” “The Determination of Copper in Steel.” “The Analysis of Titanium and its Alloys.” By R.E. Stuckey, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.P.S., F.R.I.C. By R. Kerr, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. By L. J. A. Haywood and P. Sutcliffe. By W. T. Elwell, F.R.I.C. Falkirk, October, 1956, Joint Meeting. An Exhibition and Demonstration of Some “Statistical” Calculating Machine, Monroe Calculating Machine Ltd., demonstrated by K. D. “Electronik” Continuous Balance Potentiometer, Honeywell - Brown Ltd., demonstrated by A. T. Interference Microscope, Scottish Instruments Ltd., demonstrated by A. M. Tennant and J. C. Proximity Meter (Fielden Equipment), A. R. Boltoii & Co., demonstrated by J.A. Bolton. Caravan Mobile Demonstration Unit, Fielden Electronics Ltd. Modern Analytical Apparatus : Sutherland and D. K. Liney. Hunter, B.Sc. Gentles. Edinburgh, November, 1956: Glasgow, December, 1956: “Colour Chromatography.” By J. P. Cunningham, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. “Problems and Techniques in Forensic Analysis.” By Edgar Rentoul, M.B., Ch.B., LL.B.May, 19571 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 303 WESTERN SECTION-The membership of the Section is 89. The meetings and visits organised by this Section have been well supported, considering the scattered area, and the younger members continue to give support and to take an active part in the discussions. In the outlying areas of the Section the policy of holding joint meetings with the other chartered bodies has been followed, the results proving very satis- factory, and it is hoped to develop this policy still further.The following papers were presented and discussed- Bristol, January, 1956 : “Industrial Application of Sequestering Agents.” By R. L. Smith, BSc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C., and P. Womersley. Bath, June, 1956: Newport, October, 1956: Plymouth, October, 1956 : H. N. Wilson, F.R.I.C., A. Tyler, M.B.E., and C. J. Sears on “Sampling.” “Sequestering Agents and Their Analytical Applications.” By R. L. Smith, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. “Careers in Chemistry,” discussed by J. W. Barrett, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., D.I.C., A.M.I.Chem.E., F.R.I.C., Professor H. T. S. Britton, D.Sc., D.I.C., F.R.I.C., J. Idris Jones, M.Sc., D.Sc., F.R.I.C., and A. C. Truman, B.Sc., A.R.I.C.Coleford, November, 1956 : Visit to the factory of Messrs. H. W. Carter & Co. Ltd. MIDLANDS sEcTIoN-Membership of the Section is 307, an increase of 25 over last year. During 1956, 13 ordinary meetings were held, 8 in Birmingham, 3 in Nottingham, The following 1 in Derby and 1 in Cambridge (jointly with the Microchemistry Group). papers were read and discussed- Birmingham, January, 1956 : “Gas Chromatography.” “Ionophoresis.” By J. C. Tatlow, Ph.D., D.Sc., A.R.I.C. By A. B. Foster, B.Sc., Ph.D. Birmingham, February, 1956: Discussion on “The Analytical Chemistry of Germanium and Gallium,” opened by H. J. Cluley, M.Sc., F.R.I.C., and G. W. C. Milner, MSc., A.Inst.P., F.R.I.C. Birmingham, March, 1956 : Nottingham, March, 1956 : “Modern Qualitative Analysis and Industrial Practice.” By Professor Dr.C. J. van Nieuwenberg. “Pharmaceutical Aspects of the Analytical Chemistry of Mercury.” “The Microchemical Estimation of Mercury.” By G. J. W. Ferrey, B.Sc., By R. F. Milton, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. (presented Birmingham, April, 1956, jointly with the Biological Methods Group, on The Fundamental By R. H. Nimmo- By J. W. Light- F.R.I.C. (presented on his behalf by D. C. Garratt, B.SC., Ph.D., F.R.I.C.). on his behalf by W. D. Duffield). Bases of Microbiological Assay : “The Physiological and Biochemical Background of Microbiological Assay.” “The Influence of Physical Factors on the Microbiological Assay of Antibiotics.” “Practical Considerations of Microbiological Assay.” By K. A. Lees, F.P.S., D.B.A. Smith, M.A., D.Phil., M.B., Ch.B.bown, M.Sc., Dip. Bact., F.P.S. Birmingham, September, 1956 : Derby, September, 1956 : Birmingham, September, 1956 : “Recent Advances in the Analysis of Cast Iron and Foundry Materials.” By W. E. Clarke, A.R.I.C. “High-precision Absorptiometry.” By W. T. L. Neal, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. “Precipitation from Homogeneous Solution.” By Professor L. Gordon.304 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 [Vol. 8% Cambridge, October, 1956, jointly with the Microchemistry Group, on Sub-micro Methods in Inorganic and Organic Analysis : Introduction by R. Belcher, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. “General Review of Sub-micro Methods.” By T. S. West, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. “The Determination of Alkoxyl.” “The Determination of Nitrogen.” “The Determination of Iodine.” By M.K. Bhatty, M.Sc., A.R.I.C. By M. Williams, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. By A. R. Shah, M.Sc., A.R.I.C. Nottingham, October, 1956 : Birmingham, November, 1956 : Birmingham, December, 1956 : “Recent Advances in Ion-exchange Resins.” By D. K. Hale, M.A. Discussion on “Laboratory Planning and Organisation,” opened by E. \V. Dobson and D. Barkaway. Discussion on “Qualitative Inorganic Analysis,” opened by H. Holness, M.Sc., F.R.I.C., and R. Harrison, M.A., B.Sc., F.R.I.C. Nottingham, December, 1956 : “Aspects of the Application of Chromatography to the Quantitative Analysis of Inorganic Sub- MICROCHEMISTRY mow-Forty-eight members have joined the Group during the year and the membership is now 577. During 1956 three ordinary meetings of the Group were held: in London (a meeting of the Society arranged by the Group), in Bradford (together with the North of England Section and the Bradford Chemical Society) and in Cambridge (together with the Midlands Section).stances.” By F. H. Pollard, B.Sc., Ph.D. London : “Microchemical Methods in the Art Gallery and Museum.” “The Ring-oven Technique and its Application in Archaeology.” By A. E. A. Werner, M.A., M.Sc., D.Phil., By H. Weisz, Dr. techn. Dip1.- Ing. A.R. I.C. Bradford : Micro-volumetric Analysis. The papers presented a t this meeting are detailed in the report on the activities of the North of England Section. Cambridge : Sub-micro Methods in Inorganic and Organic Analysis. The papers presented a t this meeting are detailed in the report on the activities of the Midlands In addition to the above, four informal discussion meetings have been held in London.“SmaI1-scaIe QuaIitative Inorganic Analysis,” introduced by 13. Belcher, F’h.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C., Section. The following topics were discussed- and H. Holness. M.Sc., F.R.I.C. “Complexones in Microchemistry,” introduced by H. J. Cluley, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., and C. Whalley. B.Sc.. F.R.I.C. “The KjeldLhl Determination of Nitrogen,” introduced by R. E. Stuckey, B.Sc., Ph.D. , F.P.S., “The Micro-determination of Sulphur,” introduced by S. Bance, B.Sc., A.R.I.C., and G. S. Crouch. PHYSICAL METHODS GROUP-The membership of the Group is now 627, an increase of 55 since last year. During the past year the Group has held four ordinary meetings and also organised the Society meeting in November, 1955.Two of the Group meetings were held in London and one each in Oxford and Manchester. Following the Annual General Meeting on November 30th, 1955, the retiring Chairman, Mr. A. A. Smales, B.Sc., F.R.I.C., addressed the Society on the subject “Atomic Energy and the Analyst.” The following papers were read and discussed at other ordinary meetings of the Group- F.R.I.C., and P. R. W. Baker, BSc., A.R.I.C. Polarography-London, February, 1956 : “A Comparison of Three Highly Sensitive Polarographs.” By D. J. Ferrett, D.Phil., G. W. C . “Polarography of the Dithionite (Hydrosulphite) Anion and Some Related Oxyacids of Sulphur.” “The Polarographic Determination of Uranium in Ores.” By H. I. Shalgosky, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. Milner, MSc., A.Inst.P., F.R.I.C., H. 1. Shalgosky, B.Sc., A.R.I.C., and L.J . Slee, B.Sc. By W. Furness, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C.May, 19571 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 305 Plant Instrumentation-London, April, 1956 : “Progress in Plant Analytical Control Methods.” D.I.C., F.Inst.Pet. “The Sonic Gas Analyser.” “Automation in the Laboratory.” By D. A. Patient, B.Sc., A.1nst.P. By B. W. Bradford, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., By A. E. Martin, Ph.D., DSc. Nuclear and Paramagnetic Resonance-Oxford, May, 1956 : “Analytical Applications of Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy.” “Techniques of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.” “The Detection of Photochemically Formed Radicals by Magnetic Resonance.” By R. Richards, M.A., D.Phil. By D. J. E. Ingram, By E. E. Schneider, Dr. Phil. Nat. M.A., D.Phil. Ion Exchange-Manchester, October, 1956: Details of the papers read a t this meeting are given under the North of England Section report.BIOLOGICAL METHODS GROUP-During the year the membership of the Group increased In The following by 4 and now stands at 272. The Group has held three meetings during the year. addition, the Group visited Glaxo Laboratories Ltd., Greenford, in May, 1956. papers were presented and discussed at the ordinary meetings of the Group- December 9th, 1955: “The Microbiological Plate Assay of Penicillin in Compound Feeding Stuffs.” By J. S. Simpson “A Simple Method for the Determination of PA, a t Two Minutes.” By Mary F. Lockett, M.B., Demonstration of “An Automatic Apparatus for Isolated Preparations Suitable for the Assay of and K. A. Lees, F.P.S., D.B.A. B.S., M.D., M.R.C.P., Ph.D.Oxytocin and Similar Assays,” by J. A. Lock, B.Sc., F.P.S. -4pril l l t h , 1956, joint meeting with the Midlands Section, on The Fundamental Bases of Microbiological Assay : Details of the papers read a t this meeting are given under the Midlands Section report. ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE-Considerable activity has been maintained through- out the year, in which about 60 meetings of the Committee, the Joint Committees and their Sub-committees and Panels have been held. In April Mr. T. T. Gorsuch, who was awarded a Society for Analytical Chemistry Scholarship provided by the Analytical Methods Trust, began work at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, under the direction of Mr. A. A. Smales. He has made an excellent start and has now submitted three Progress Reports on his investigations by radiochemical methods into losses of trace elements during preliminary preparation of the material under examination.The Metallic Impurities in Organic Matter Sub-committee is making progress with collaborative tests on the molybdenum-blue method for arsenic and on a method for lead. Close collaboration is being maintained with Mr. Gorsuch, who attends some of the meetings of the Sub-committee, and his findings have proved to be of assistance. The Vitamin-E Panel of the original Vitamin Sub-committee is continuing its work on the differential analysis of total tocopherols. The report of the Vitamin-B,, Panel of the original Vitamin Sub-committee has been published (p. 132). The Direct Micro-determination of Oxygen in Organic Matter Sub-committee is pro- ceeding with the collaborative investigation of the Unterzaucher method and its modifications.The Essential Oils Sub-committee is being reconstituted, under the Chairmanship of Dr. G. W. Ferguson. Work is in hand on the editing of the Standard Methods recommended by the A.M.C. in their reports since 1027; they are being submitted to referees to bring them up to date and for approval before being passed for publication. The A.B.C.M. - S.A.C. Committee on Methods for the Analysis of Trade Effluents and its Panels have been very active and made considerable progress; nineteen methods have been published in The AnaZyst, and eleven more are with the printers. One Panel-that dealing with Physical Tests-has now completed its programme.A Joint Committee on Methods of A4ssay of Crude Drugs has been set up by the Society and the Pharmaceutical Society to investigate the need for, and, when appropriate, t o collect and publish, standard methods of assay of crude drugs of value in commerce but for306 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 [Vol. 82 which there are no official or accepted methods. The secretarial and editorial work of this Committee and its Panels has been undertaken by the secretariat of the A.M.C. So far, four working Panels have been appointed and have started their investigations into methods of assay for digitalis, capsicum (capsaicin content), anthraquinone drugs and rauwolfia. A separate Report, giving full details of the work of the A.M.C.during its second year is being prepared and will be circulated to all contributors to the Analytical Methods Trust.” LIAISON COMMITTEE-During the year the following appointments have been made- Dr. R. E. Stuckey to succeed Dr. J. H. Hamence, whose term of office expired on Chemical Council : December 31st, 1956. B.S.I. Committees: Dr. K. A. Williams, Chemical Divisional Council. Dr. K. A. Williams, Chairman, Industry Standards Committee for Oils, Fats and Greases Mr. T. E. Rymer, Water for Making Concrete. Mr. J. T. Yardley, Sulphuric Acid for Use in Lead - Acid Accumulators. Mr. J. S. Wragg, Volumetric Mouldblown and Lampblown Glassware. Joint Committee for the Standardisation of Methods for Water Analysis: Mr. J. G. Sherratt. Joint Library Committee, Chemical Society : Dr.J. G. A. Griffiths was again appointed the Society’s representative. British Iron and Steel Research Association : Mr. R. C. Chirnside and Dr. J. Haslam represented the Society at the Tenth Chemists’ Conference of the Methods of Analysis Committee (Metallurgy, General Division). (other than Petroleum and Tar) and Soaps Industry. Parliamentary and Scientific Committee : Mr. G. Taylor continued to represent the Society. The Council of the Society thanks all its representatives for the work they have carried out in the various Committees and at the various meetings during the year on behalf of the Society. HONORARY TREASURER’S REPORT-Reference was made in the last Report of the Honorary Treasurer to the substantial increase in the cost of running the Society and also of producing The AizaZyst and Analytical Abstracts.With this in mind, early in 1956, the Council decided to increase the subscription to the Society and also the price of The Analyst and Analytical Abstracts to outside subscribers. Unfortunately, these increases could not be put into operation until January lst, 1957, and it was therefore realised that 1956 would be a very difficult year from the point of view of finance. The Council realised that unless a considerably increased grant could be obtained from the Chemical Council the Society would be faced with a substantial loss on the year’s working. Unfortunately the response from industry to the appeal by the Chemical Council for funds for publication has not been as good as was hoped for.Consequently the Chemical Council has been unable to meet in full our requests for financial aid for the journals for the year. Nevertheless we are most grateful to the Chemical Council for their generous response to our request in what has undoubtedly been a difficult year for the making of grants. It will be seen from the balance sheet that there was an excess of expenditure over income of just over LlOOO for the whole year. This is the first year for some time that the Society’s accounts have shown an adverse balance, and in view of the considerable increase in the cost of printing and postage, we must count ourselves lucky that the loss sustained during the year has not been heavier. It is hoped that the increase in subscription rate and also in the price of The Analyst and Analytical Abstyacts to outside subscribers will go a long way towards balancing our accounts in 1957.* Note by Editor-The text of the Report of the Analytical Methods Committee is reproduced on pp. 307-319 of this issue.May, 19571 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, M A R C H , 1957 307 THE ANALYST-The 1956 volume contained 732 pages, compared with 912 in 1955. The numbers of papers and notes published in 1956 were 93 and 30, respectively, against 103 and 49 in 1955. The reduced size of the volume, although unplanned, was a necessity; production costs rose by well over 20 per cent. during the year, but no increase of income was available. When allowance is made for all matter other than papers and notes, and the Review Paper is excluded, the average length of a paper or a note is 4.5 pages.Although this is a drop of half a page from the average for 1955, it only restores the average to the 1954 figure; this average length can still be reduced by more careful presentation of facts by authors. With the cost of production still rising, it is necessary to keep papers to bare essen- tials unless the publication of analytical knowledge is to suffer. Besides the usual items, summaries of 18 papers presented at meetings but not being published in full in any journal were printed in the Proceedings of the Society. The Recom- mended Methods for the Analysis of Trade Effluents prepared by the Joint A.B.C.M. - S.A.C. Committee and published during the year occupied 324 pages. Eight issues of the Bulletin were distributed with The Analyst during the year, one of them a special issue commemorating the twenty-first anniversary of the founding of the Scottish Section. One paper was a Review Paper. During the year Mr. P. W. Shallis joined the editorial staff. The number printed of each issue has again been raised for 1957, from 6000 to 6400. ANALYTICAL A B ~ T R A ~ T s - A nabtical A bstracts has grown steadily since its initiation, Year Pages Abstracts 1954 392 3190 1955 468 3556 1956 542 3820 as shown by the following figures- The increase is due to the increasing number of published papers on analytical chemistry and to the improved coverage of foreign journals, particularly those from the U.S.S.K. There has been a marked expansion in circulation and it has been necessary to increase the printing number from 6100 for 1956 to 7000 for 1957. CHEMICAL couNcIL-During the year the Chemical Council has again made grants to the Society for the publication of original papers and abstracts. The Council acknowledges with thanks the sums of El900 for The Analyst and of QOOO for Analytical Abstracts. CONFERENCE OF HONORARY SECRETARIES-A meeting of the Honorary Secretaries of the Sections and Groups of the Society was held in June, 1956, on the same lines as those held in previous years. The meeting was highly successful. K. A. WILLIAMS, President. N. L. ALLPORT, Honorary Secretary.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9578200300

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

May, 19571 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH, 1957 307 Report of the Analytical Methods Committee 1956 THIS second Report of the Analytical Methods Committee of The Society for Analytical Chemistry indicates that the good progress made in 1955 has been fully maintained. The first Report of the Committee since it was reorganised with a full-time, paid secretariat, supported by the Trust Fund, was issued in May, 1956; it appeared to be well received, both in Great Britain and abroad, and resulted in a number of enquiries and suggestions for future work and collaboration with other organisations. The Committee was glad to welcome as an additional member Mr. W. H. Simmons, who has given such long and valuable service to the Society and to the Committee in particular; he became Honorary Secretary of the Committee at its inception in 1924 and continued in this office until 1946.In addition, he was Chairman of the Essential Oils Sub-committee from 1933.308 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 [Vol. 82 The Secretariat staff of three is now well housed in the Society’s new offices at 14 Belgrave Square, London, S.W.l, and the various committees and panels are able to make full use of the Committee Room provided. At the end of February, 1956, Miss A. M. Parry, B.Sc., joined the staff as Assistant Secretary to the Committee. PROGRESS OF WORK- There has been steady progress in the work of the various technical committees coming under the aegis of the Analytical Methods Committee. These now number 19, compared with 14 a year ago, and, as is shown in the individual progress reports given later in this Report, methods for a wide variety of substances are under consideration and every effort is being made to give priority to those methods for which there is the most pressing need.Many of the projects now being considered by the sub-committees and panels involve much collaborative research before standard methods can be recommended ; hence, it will be appreciated that the number of publications appearing in any one year is only a partial indication of the amount of work done. The Joint Committee with the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers on Methods for the Analysis of Trade Effluents, which began its work in February, 1954, has completed a very intensive year’s work-19 methods were published in The Analyst and 11 more are in the press.The Joint Committee hopes to complete its programme during the next year and subsequently to publish all the methods in one volume. Although primarily intended for the analysis of trade effluents, these methods are even now being found to be applicable in other branches of analysis. The Joint Committee with the Pharmaceutical Society on Methods of Assay of Crude Drugs was formally appointed in March, 1956; four working panels are already actively engaged in collaborative work. The Analytical Methods Committee itself published the Report on “The Estimation of Vitamin B,,,” in the March, 1956, issue of The Analyst. The Reports published by the original Committee in The Analyst between 1927 and 1954 continue to be reviewed and edited in a standard format with a view to publication in a book of collected standard methods.To ensure that account has been taken of new developments since the Reports were published, each group of edited drafts is being submitted either to an individual referee or to the relevant sub-committee for scrutiny before being approved by the Committee. Preliminary discussions have taken place between representatives of the Society, the Association of British Insecticide Manufacturers and the Scientific Sub-committee on Poisonous Substances used in Agriculture and Food Storage of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. I n the event of agreement being reached for collaborative work, the Society’s part will be carried out by the Analytical Methods Committee. RESEARCH SCHOLARSHIP- The Analytical Methods Committee is indebted to the Director of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell for providing facilities for Mr.Gorsuch, the holder of a Society for Analytical Chemistry Scholarship, to work under the direction of Mr. A. A. Smales. Mr. Gorsuch started work in April, 1956, and has submitted three Progress Reports to the Committee and discussed them with the Metallic Impurities in Organic Matter Sub- committee. After completing his training in radiochemical techniques and making a thorough survey of the literature on methods of destruction of organic matter prior to the determination of trace elements, he did some preliminary experimental work on the various radiochemical approaches that might be used in detecting the losses of trace elements during the oxidation.A more detailed examination is now being made, using radioactive tracers, of the losses that occur with a number of metals during preliminary preparation of the material under examination. His findings so far have already been of assistance to the Metallic Impurities in Organic Matter Sub-committee in the problems associated with the determination of traces of arsenic and lead. TRUST FUND- , Four meetings of the Trustees of the Society for Analytical Chemistry Analytical Methods Trust have been held under the Chairmanship of The Honourable Mr, Justice Lloyd- Jacob. All the donations and subscriptions promised for 1956 have been receivedMay, 19571 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 309 and, in addition to the sums already promised, many of the original subscribers who had not in the first instance committed themselves to making further donations again gave their support.The total income for the year was E6504, and the Trustees are most grateful to the 57 subscribers for their generous contributions. EXPENDITURE- The audited statement of accounts (see Appendix I) covers the 12 months from November lst, 1955, to October 31st, 1956, this period being in line with the Society's financial year. The expenditure during the year was ;63870, the principal items being staff salaries and expenses connected with the Research Scholarship. This sum approximates to the estimated expenditure given in last year's Report. Expenditure for 1957 is estimated to.be a little more, since the move to new premises in November, 1956, has necessitated the furnishing of the Secretariat offices.REPORTS OF SUB-COMMITTEES OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMniIITTEE METALLIC IMPURITIES IN ORGANIC MATTER SUB-COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION- T. McLachlan, D.C.M., A.C.G.F.C., PYI.I.Biol., Public Analyst L. Brealey, B.Sc. C . L. Hinton, F.R.I.C. E. I. Johnson, M.Sc., A.R.I.C. Department of the Government Chemist W. C. Johnson, M.B.E., F.R.I.C. I. MacIntyre, M.B., Ch.B. University of London (Post-Graduate Medical R. F . Milton, B.Sc., Ph.D., M.I.Biol., F.R.I.C. Analytical and Consulting Biochemist G. Taylor, O.B.E., F.R.I.C. Public Analyst, Oj'icial Agricultural ,4 nalyst and G. E. Willis, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.(Dyestufls TERMS OF REFERENCE-"TO investigate the determination of small quantities of metals in organic matter." PROGRESS OF WORK- Arsenic-Collaborative work with simple solutions containing arsenic has permitted the Sub-committee to clarify many of the details of procedure in the method for the determination of arsenic by the molybdenum-blue method, and tests are now being carried out with samples in the presence of organic matter. Lead-The revised method for the determination of lead is the subject of collaborative tests. Destruction of organic matter-The Sub-committee is maintaining close contact with Mr. Gorsuch, whose reports on his work at Harwell have already proved most helpful. A memorandum on the handling and use of perchloric acid, particularly as applied to the destruction of organic matter, is being prepared for publication.Standard methods-The recommended methods for the determination of arsenic, lead, copper and zinc that were originally published as Analytical Met hods Committee Reports have been referred by the Committee to the Sub-committee for review and revision where necessary. VITAMINS As stated in the Report for 1955, the original Vitamins Sub-committee was dissolved when the Analytical Methods Committee was reorganised, but the Panel on Vitamin E continues its investigations. Vitamin- E Panel CONSTITUTION- F.R.I.C. (Chairman) Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. British Food Manufacturing Industries Research Association Hopkin & Williams Ltd. School) Consulting Chemist Division) A.L. Bacharach, M.A., F.R.I.C. J. Green, RSc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. (Chairman) (Honorary Technical Secretary) Consulting Chemist Vatamins Ltd.310 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 [Vol. 82 F. Brown, M.Sc., Ph.D. A. R. Moss, B.Sc., Ph.D. H. N. Ridyard, BSc., A.K.C., F.R.I.C. P. W. Russell Eggitt, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. C. A. Shacklady, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. P. Stross, B.Sc. G. Walley, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. R. J. Ward, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. E. C . Wood, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., F.R.I.C. P. Harris, Ph.D.* Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Institute Roche Products Ltd. Research Association of British Flour Millers Spillers Ltd. J . Bibby & Sons Ltd. British Drug Houses Ltd. Unilever Ltd. Medical Research Council, Dunn Nutritional Analytical and Consulting Chemist Distillation Products Industries, Rochester, New Laboratory York, U .S . A . * Corresponding member. TERMS OF REFERENCE (OF ADVISORY PANEL)-“TO survey the methods already proposed for the estimation of Vitamin E and to recommend to the [Vitamins] Sub-committee a standard method or methods.” PROGRESS OF WORK- The vitamin-E activity of any material can be estimated if two conditions are satisfied. First, there must be available means of determining with sufficient accuracy the amounts of the different tocopherols present in the material. Secondly, weighting factors must be available for application to each separately determined tocopherol, so that the total amount present can then be appropriately expressed in terms of the biological activity of one of them, and preferably of a-tocopherol.Of this two-stage process of estimating vitamin-E activity, only the first falls within the scope of the Panel’s activities. Since that time, it has become clear that the three other possible tocopherols also occur in natural products, so that any “reference analytical procedure” should as far as possible be capable of dis- tinguishing between, and individually determining, all of them. The Panel, therefore, set to work to devise a method capable of measuring with reasonable precision and accuracy all seven methylated tocols. A paper-chromatographic method was chosen for collaborative study, because recent advances in this type of separation seemed likely to overcome several difficulties occurring in the classical methods of vitamin-E estimation and to deal success- fully with most of the problems raised by the discovery of the new tocopherols.The separated tocopherols are then assayed by a modification of the Emmerie - Engel colorimetric method. In this way, micro-determination is possible far below the range of the older methods. Analysis of the most complex samples likely to present themselves for tocopherol deter- minations will frequently involve as many as seven stages-four for purification, one for separation of the tocopherols by paper chromatography and two for measurement of the amounts present. The Panel has for the most part been occupied with working out details of manipulation; however, it would now be possible to lay down at any rate a provisional method for sufficiently accurate determination of the a-tocopherols in naturally occurring oils and other foodstuffs, but the Panel has decided for the moment to defer doing this, because, for the reasons indicated above, as complete a differential analysis as possible seems essential and, what is perhaps more to the point, because the chances of putting forward such a method seem a t last to be within sight.When the Panel began its work, four tocopherols had been isolated. DIRECT MICRO-DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN IN ORGANIC MATTER SUB-COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION- D. W. Wilson, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. G. C. Ackroyd, BSc., A.R.I.C. P. R. W. Baker, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. Miss H. €3. Raumjnger, Ph.D., A.R.I.C. W. T. Chambers, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. A. F. Colson, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. Miss M. Corner, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. R. R.Gordon, Ph.D. (Chairman) G. Ingram, A.R.I.C. S i r John Cass College (Department of Chemistry) D . S . I . R., Fuel Research Station Wellcome Research Laboratories Dunlop Research Cenfre British Rubber Producers’ Research Association Imperial Chemical Industries Lid. (Alkali D.S.I.R., Chemical Research Laboratory National Coal Board, Central Research Estah- Courtaulds Lid. Division) lishmentMay, 19571 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 31 1 F. J. McMurray F. H. Oliver H. J. Warlow C. Whalley, BSc., F.R.I.C. Wellcome Chemical Works Parke, Davis & Co. Ltd. D.S.I.R., Fuel Research Station Paint Research Station PROGRAMME OF WORK-TO investigate the Unterzaucher method, and its modifications, for the micro-determination of oxygen. PROGRESS OF WORK-collaborative experimental work is proceeding on various organic substances.In the first test each member employed his or her own version of the Unter- zaucher method, and the results demonstrated clearly the superiority of a carbon - platinum filling in the combustion tube at 900” C over a filling of carbon only at 1100” C. The second series of tests now being carried out has been designed with the object of reducing the “blank” value, and of isolating possible sources of error. ESSENTIAL OILS SUB-COMMITTEE The Sub-committee has been reorganised, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ferguson, as follows. CONSTITUTION- G. W. Ferguson, B.Sc., Fh.D., F.R.I.C. A. J. M. Bailey, BSc., F.P.S., F.R.I.C. D. Holness, B.A. H. T. Islip, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. P. McGregor, B.Sc., A.H.-W.C., F.R.I.C.J. H. Seager, M.Sc., F.R.I.C. G. E. Smith, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. B. D. Sully, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., F.R.I.C. (Chairman) Analytical and Consulting Chemist W. J . Bush G. Co. Ltd. Unilever Ltd., Central Perfumery Departmenf Colonial Products Laboratory, Colonial OBce Department of the Government Chemist Yardley & Co. Ltd. Stajford Allen & Sons Ltd. A . Boake, Roberts & Co. Ltd. MEAT PRODUCTS SUB-COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION- S. M. Herschdoerfer, Ph.D., F.R.T.C. T . Wall & Sons Ltd. S. Back, BSc., F.R.I.C. Crosse G. Blackwell Ltd. Miss E. M. Chatt, BSc., F.R.I.C. C. D. Essex, A.R.I.C. 0x0 Ltd. J. R. Fraser, B.Sc., A.C.G.F.C., F.R.I.C. H. G. Rees, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., D.I.C., 0x0 Ltd. H. Amphlett Williams, Ph.D., A.C.G.F.C., F.R.I.C. (Chairman) British Food Manufacturing Industries Reseavch Department of the Gorernment Chemist Association F.R.l.C.Public Analyst TERMS OF REFERENCE-"(^) The determination of the meat content of products containing meat; (b) the determination of the constituents of meat and meat products. NOTE-The term ‘meat products’ t o include hydrolysed protein and, if found necessary, fish pastes.” PROGRESS OF wom-Owing to pressure of work, Dr. Rees has retired from the Chair and Dr. Herschdoerfer has been appointed to take his place. TRACE ELEMENTS IN FERTILISERS AND CONSTITUTION- J. H. Hamence, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. D. C. Garratt, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. E. I. Johnson, MSc., A.R.I.C. R. F. Milton, BSc., Ph.D., M.I.Biol., F.R.I.C. R. L. Mitchell, BSc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. A. A. Smales, B.Sc., F.R.I.C.C. Whalley, BSc., F.R.I.C. (Chairman) FEEDING-STUFFS SUB-COMMITTEE Public Analyst, Oficial Agricultural Analyst atid Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. Department of the Government Chemist Analytical and Consulting Biochemist Macaulay .Institute f o r Soil Research (Departnzewt Atomic Energ.y Research Establishment, Harwell Paint Research Station Consulting Chemist of Speclrochemistry) TERMS OF REFERENCE-“TO devise appropriate methods of analysis (to be recommended for inclusion in the Regulations under the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act, 1926) for the determination of the trace elements manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, iodine, selenium and fluorine, and also for boron, magnesium and iron, which can be expected to be present in fertilisers in small quantities as distinct from traces.”312 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 [Vol.82 PROGRESS OF WORK-Owing to his onerous duties as Honorary Treasurer of the Society and as President Elect, the Chairman has expressed the wish to retire from the Chair. PESTICIDES RESIDUES IN FOODSTUFFS SUB-COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION- G. Taylor, O.B.E., F.R.I.C. ' G. L. Baldit, B.Sc., A.R.T.C. E. D. Chilwell, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. H. Egan, B.Sc., Ph.D., D.I.C., F.R.I.C. (Clzairmaiz) B. A. Ellis, M.A., F.R.I.C. J. C. Gage, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. R. A. E. Galley, E.Sc., Pli.D., A.R.C.S., D.I.C., D, C. Garratt, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. F.R.I.C. Public A nalyst, Ojicial Agriculf urn1 Analyst and Plant Protection Ltd. Fisons Pest Control Ltd. Department of the Government Chemist (repre- senting Food Group, Society of Chemical Industry) Consulting Chemist Department of the Government Chemist Imperial Chenzical Industries Ltd.(Industrial Colonial Products Laboratovy, Colonial Office Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. Hygiene Laboratories) TERMS OF REFERENCE-'(TO examine the present position in respect of methods of analysis of foodstuffs for residual traces of pesticides, as the first action of the Sub-Committee; and, further, if deemed desirable, to recommend for general acceptance methods of analysis now in use, or to develop or assist in the development of new methods of analysis or modifications of methods now in use." PROGRESS OF woRIc-The work of this Sub-committee is in abeyance, pending the results of discussions between representatives of the Society, the Association of British Insecticide Manufacturers and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food mentioned earlier in this Report (see p.305). REPORT OF THE A.B.C.M. - S.A.C. JOINT COMMITTEE ON METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TRADE EFFLUENTS MAIN COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION- Representing the Association of British Chemical Munufactiwers- H. N. \Vilson, F.R.I.C." Imperial Chenzicul Industrie Ltd. (BillinghanE J. G. Maltby, B.Sc., F.R.I.C.* F. G. Broughall, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. D. C. Garratt, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. I. S. Wilson, M.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. Representing the Society for Analytical Chemistry- J. H. Hamence, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C.* Public Analyst, Oflcial Agricultural A nnlyst and L. Klein, RI.Sc., Ph.D., M.Inst.S.P., F.R.I.C.Mersey Hiuer Board C . J. Regan, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. Formerly Chemist-in-Chief, London County J , G. Sherratt, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. Publzc Analyst and Consulting Analytical Chemist K. A. Williams, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.Inst.P., M.Inst.Pet., Analytical and Consulting Chemist N. T. Wilkinson, F.R. I.C. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (Alkali (Chairman) Division) (Secretary) Distillers Co. Ltd. Midland Tar Distillers Ltd. Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. Consulting Chemist Council F.R.I.C. Division) J. S. Evans Miss C. H. Tinker, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C.* Federation of British Industries Secretary to the Analytical Methods Committee * Members of the Publications Sub-committee, to which J. B. Attrill, M._4., F.R.I.C., Editor of The Analyst, has been co-opted. TERMS OF REFERENCE-"TO devise and recommend methods of analysis as applied to trade effluents, specifying in each case their applicability and limitations, but not the interpretation of the results of such tests as would be used to decide on the quality of an effluent.Such methods would be published by the Society as Recommended Methods."May, 19571 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 313 PROGRESS OF WORK- Remarkable progress can be claimed, considering that a great deal of experimental work has had to be done. Indeed, so good has been this progress that one of the Panels (Panel 4) completed its programme of work in October. The first intention of the Committee was to make a literature search and to recommend the best methods available for each particular impurity.Unfortunately, the literature on the analysis of trade effluents is scant and it soon became obvious that for a number of methods experimental work would be necessary. The Committee’s main task has been to find or devise methods that are not only capable of determining toxic constituents with sufficient accuracy in the very small amounts that have been found to cause damage to the animal and vegetable life of rivers, etc., but are at the same time practical and quick enough to be used in the rapidly changing conditions that may prevail. Account has been taken of the “Methods of Chemical Analysis as Applied to Sewage and Sewage Effluents” (Second Edition, 1956), published by H.M. Stationery Office for the Ministry of Housing and Local Government; the avoidance of conflict with these methods is particularly important in the determination of oxygen demand and, for this reason, permission has been obtained from H.M.Stationery Office for reproduction in full of the met hods for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand and of dissolved oxygen, although it has, of course, been necessary to make modifications to cover special requirements for trade effluents. In addition, a section has been included on the manometric technique and its advantages in the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand of trade effluents. As far as possible, the methods selected or devised are generally applicable over a wide range of contents, but for some constituents it has been necessary to give modified, or different, methods for application to lower parts of the range.The lack of specificity of reagents for some of the metallic constituents has caused difficulty when very small amounts have to be determined. Some of these difficulties have been surmounted, but mention should be made of silver, which, because of its extreme toxicity to fish, may have to be determined down to 0.01 parts per million; silver is an unlikely contaminant in an effluent in view of its monetary value, but there is always the odd chance of its accidental disposal. A satis- factory method for determination of traces has yet to be found. Three features of the Committee’s work are particularly worthy of note, namely the methods for the determination of immiscible liquids and of chemical oxygen demand (di- chromate value test) and the apparatus devised for sampling whereby a truly representative sample can be taken-particularly important when immiscible layers are present.The method for volatile immiscible liquids deserves special mention because of its ingenuity and its applicability to effluents containing as little as 3 parts per million of contaminant. The dichromate value test-known in the United States as C.O.D. (chemical oxygen demand)-is a new feature in British practice and is recommended as a standard method, since, for trade effluents, it has considerable advantages over the well known permanganate value test, particularly its reproducibility and its applicability to a wide variety of samples. Experimental work has shown that a larger proportion of carbonaceous matter is oxidised than in the permanganate value test.Work completed-The following methods were published during the year- Determination of iron, mercury and nickel (Analyst, 1956, 81, 176); Sampling, physical examination of the sample (general description, colour, tem- perature, pH value, transparency), and determination of settleable solids, total suspended solids, residue on evaporation and dissolved solids (AnaZyst, 1956, 81, 492) ; Determination of chromium, lead and selenium (Analyst, 1956, 81, 607) ; Determination of organic carbon, chloride (chlorion) , acidity, alkalinity and man- ganese (AnaZyyst, 1956, 81, 721) ; Determination of non-volatile matter extractable by light petroleum and of volatile immiscible liquids (Analyst, 1957, 82, 123). Methods for determining the following have been approved for publication : aluminium, oxygen demand, calcium and magnesium, hardness, the various forms of combined nitrogen phenols, residual chlorine, sulphide and zinc. Work in hand-Draft methods for the following are nearing completion: antimony, cyanide, fluoride, phosphorus and synthetic detergents.314 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 [Vol.82 PANEL 1 : ORGANIC MATTER-GENERAL CONSTITUTION- C. J. Regan, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. Formerly Chemist-in-Chief, London County G. S. Clements, A.R.C.S., F.R.I.C. Public Health Department, London County W. M. Cameron, M.Inst.S.P., F.R.I.C. M a i n Drainage Department, Middlesex County W. T. Lockett, M.Sc. Formerly of the Main Drainage Department, T . B. Moore, BSc. North Thames Gas Board A.E. J. Pettet, B.A. D.S.I.R., Water Pollution Research Laboratory I. S. Wilson, M.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. Miss C. H. Tinker, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. (Chairman) Council (Secretary) Council Council Middlesex County Council Secretary to the Analytical Methods Committee PROGRAMME OF WORK- Methods for determining oxygen demand*-(a) general considerations ; (b) permanganate value (oxygen absorbed from permanganate) ; (c) biochemical oxygen demand ; (d) dichromate value (oxygen absorbed from boiling dichromate) . Methods for determining combined nitrogen*-(a) free and saline ammonia ; (b) albuminoid nitrogen; (c) organic nitrogen; (d) total unoxidised nitrogen; (e) nitrogen as nitrite; (f) nitrogen as nitrate. Methods for determining total organic carbon.* Methods for determining phosphorus.Methods for determining chloride ion (chlorion) .* Methods for determining synthetic detergents. To list inhibitory substances present in some trade effluents, which may interfere in any of the recommended methods. PROGRESS O F WORK- Work completed-Methods for items above marked with an asterisk (*) have been Work in hand-Draft methods for the following are nearing completion : phosphorus; completed (see list under Main Committee, p. 313). synthetic detergents. PANEL 2 : METALLIC CONTAMINANTS CONSTITUTIOX- N. T. Wilkinson, F.R.I.C. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (Alkali R. Belcher, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. University of Birmingham (Department of D. C. Garratt, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. Boots Pure Drug Co.Ltd. J. H. Hamence, MSc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. Public Analyst, Oficial Agricultural Analyst and J. G. Sherratt, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. Public Analyst and Consulting Analytical Chemist Miss C. H. Tinker, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. Secretary to the Analytical Methods Committee (Chairman) Division) Chemistry) Consulting Chemist (Secretary) PROGRAMME OF WORK- Preliminary treatment of sample. ? Methods for determining aluminium,* antimony, arsenic,? barium, cadmium, chromium,* copper,? iron,* lead,* manganese,* mercury,* molybdenum, nickel," potassium, selenium," silicon, silver, sodium, sulphate, titanium and zinc.* PROGRESS OF WORK- Work com$Zeted-Methods for items marked above with an asterisk (*) have been completed (see list under Main Committee, p. 313); those marked with an obelisk (t) were published in January, 1956.Work in hand-The final draft for antimony is being prepared; work is proceeding on methods for barium, cadmium and silver.May, 19571 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 315 PANEL 3 : NON-METALLIC CONTAMINANTS CONSTITUTION- F. G. Broughall, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. W. G. Carey, F.R.I.C. G. U. Houghton, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. E. A. W. Whitlock, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. Wallace 6 Tiernan Ltd. Midland T a r Distillers Ltd. Public Analyst arad Ojicial Agricultural Analyst; South Essex Waterworks Co. (Chairman) Consultant PROGRAMME OF WORK- sulphide, * sulphite, thiocyanate and thiosulphate. PROGRESS OF WORK- completed (see list under Main Committee, p. 313). Methods for determining free chlorine,* cyanide, fluoride, formaldehyde, phenols, * Work comfileted-Methods for items marked above with an asterisk (*) have been Work in hand-Work is proceeding on methods for cyanide, thiocyanate and fluoride.PANEL 4: PHYSICAL TESTS CONSTITUTION- J. G. Sherratt, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. L. Klein, M.Sc., Ph.D., M.Inst.S.P., F.R.I.C. G. A. Vaughan, F.R.I.C. K. A. Williams, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.Inst.P., Analytical and Consulting Chemist M.Inst.Pet., F.R.I.C. Miss C. H. Tinker, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. (Secretary) PROGRAMME OF WORK- Method of sampling. mination of suspended solids, settleable solids and dissolved solids. immiscible liquids, such as oil or tar. hardness ; magnesium hardness). PROGRESS OF WORK- been published or are in the press (see list under Main Committee, p. 313). Public Analyst and Consulting Analytical Chemist Mersey River Board Coal T a r Research Association (Chairman) Secretary to the Analytical Methods Committee Measurement of colour, turbidity, temperature and pH.Deter- Determination of Determination of hardness (total hardness ; calcium Determination of acidity and alkalinity. Work completed-The programme of work has been completed and all the methods have REPORT OF THE P.S. - S.A.C. JOINT COMMITTEE ON METHODS OF ASSAY OF CRUDE DRUGS MAIN COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION- Representing the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain- K. R. Capper, Ph.D., B.Pharm., F.P.S., D.I.C. R. Higson, F.P.S. W. Mitchell, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.X.C. R. E. Stuckey, Ph.D., DSc., F.P.S., F.R.I.C. Representing the Society f o r Analytical Chemistry- C. A. Johnson, B.Sc., B.Pharm., F.P.S., A.R.I.C.H. C. Macfarlane, A.R.T.C.S., F.R.I.C. D. Watt, F.P.S. T . G. H . Smith Ltd. D. C. Garratt, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. Representing tlze Colonial Products Laboratory- A. J . Feuell, B.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. Pharmacezstical Society of Great Britain Ministry of Health, Supplies Division Stafford Allen & Sons Ltd. British Drug Houses Ltd. Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. Analytical and Consulting Chemist Chairman of the Analytical Methods Committee (Chairman) (ex oflcio) Colonial Products Laboratory Miss C. H. Tinker, BSc., Ph.D., A.R.I.C. (Secretary) APPOINTED-AS a Joint Committee by the Pharmaceutical Society and the Society for Analytical Chemistry, on March 21st, 1956.316 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 [Vol. 82 TERMS OF REFERENCE-"TO prepare standard methods of assay of crude drugs and kindred materials." PROGRAMME OF WORK- The Joint Committee was set up, after consultation between the two Societies, because it was felt that there was a need for methods of assay of crude drugs that are in use in com- merce but for which there are no standard or official methods at present in force.The Committee is concerned only with methods of assay and not with specifications. Recommended methods will be published simultaneously by the two Societies; it is hoped eventually to produce a book in which all these methods are collected, together with others which, though recognised as standard, have been deleted from current editions of the British Pharmacopoeia or the British Pharmaceutical Codex. Active liaison is being maintained with the Secretary of the British Pharmacopoeia Commission, who is being kept regularly informed of the work.A list of drugs for which chemical methods might be required was examined and an order of priority was decided. It was agreed that each drug or group of drugs should be the concern of a separate working panel, which, after considering the need for a method of assay and assessing the chances of success in devising such a method, would undertake the necessary investigations. Digitalis, capsicum, anthraquinone drugs and rauwolfia were selected as the subjects of study by the first four panels. These panels, details of which are printed below, are now actively engaged on collaborative tests, and other panels will be appointed from time to time.The method for the Assay of the Non-phenolic Alkaloids of Ipecacuanha, deleted from editions of the B.P. subsequent to that of 1932 and on which it was not necessary to carry out experimental work, has been accepted by the Main Committee for publication. PANEL 1 Digitalis @&'$UYea-CHEMICAL METHOD CONSTITUTION- Professor H. Brindle, MSc., F.P.S., F.R.I.C. G. E. Foster, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.I.C. G. J. Rigby, M.Sc., Dip-Bact. J. M. Rowson, M A . , Ph.D., F.P.S. K. L. Smith, M.P.S. Professor J. P. Todd, Ph.D., F.P.S., F.R.I.C. Miss A. M. Parry, B.Sc. (Chairman) (Secretary) Emeritus Professor of Pharmacy, University of Wellcome Chemical Works University of Manchester (Department of Phar- Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. Royal College of Science and Technology, Glasgow (School of Pharmacy) Manchester macy 1 FIRST MEETING-December l l t h , 1956. TERMS OF REFERENCE-"TO investigate chemical methods for the assay of digitalis and its preparations and to attempt to correlate them with the biological method of assay." PROGRESS OF worn-Preliminary collaborative tests on digitalis leaf have already started, and both chemical and biological tests are being carried out simultaneously.PANEL 2 : CAPSICUM-CAPSAICIN CONTENT CONSTITUTION- H. B. Heath, M.B.E., B.Pharm., F.P.S. E. A. Elsbury, F.R.1 .C. C. A. MacDonald, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. G. R. A. Short, F.P.S. D. 0. Singleton, B.Sc. Miss A. M. Parry, l3.S~. Stajyord Allen & Sons Ltd. Parke, Davis G. Co. Ltd. Evans Biological Institute W . J . Bush & Co.Ltd. Beecham Maclean Ltd. (Chairman) (Secre t w y ) FIRST MEETING-July IIth, 1956. TERMS OF REFERENCE-"TO investigate methods of assay of capsicum and capsicum products with particular reference to the determination of the capsaicin content."May, 19573 REPORT OF THE AN.\LYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 317 PROGRESS OF WORK-After preliminary tests on chillies and the oleoresin, it was decided to concentrate first on establishing a standard absorption curve for pure capsaicin, and good progress in this is now being made. To avoid repeated handling of capsaicin (which has an extremely irritant action) as the reference standard, the Panel is considering substances that could be used as secondary standards. PANEL 3 : ANTHRAQUINONE DRUGS CONSTITUTION- J.M. Rowson, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.P.S. J. W. Fairbairn, BSc., Ph.D., F.P.S., F.L.S., C. A. Johnson, B.Sc., B.Pharm., F.P.S., A.R.I.C. W. Mitchell, BSc., Ph.D., F.K.I.C. H. A. Ryan, B.Sc., F.R.I.C. W. Smith, RSc., F.R.I.C. Miss A. M. Parry, B.Sc. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain University of London, School of Pharmacy Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. Stafford Allen & Sons Ltd. Westminster Laboratories Ltd. Allen G. Hanbuvys Ltd. (Chairman) F.R.I.C. (Secretary) FIRST MEETING-October 31st, 1956. TERMS OF REFERENCE-“TO investigate methods for estimating the purgative activity of drugs and preparations of drugs containing anthraquinone derivatives with a view to recommending standard methods of assay.” PROGRESS OF woRK-The drugs (and their galenicals) that the Panel proposes to consider are aloes, cascara sagrada, rhubarb, senna fruit and senna leaf.Collaborative investigations of methods for assay of Powdered senna leaf (Alexandrian) have already begun. CONSTITUTION- PANEL 4: RAUWOLFIA C. A. Johnson, B.Sc., B.Pharm., F.P.S., A.R.I.C. T. Davies, B.Sc., A.R.I.C. CIBA Laboratories Ltd. J. J. Lewis, MSc., F.P.S. A. W. Peacock, B.Pharm., F.P.S. Riker Laboratories Ltd. Miss A. M. Parry, B.Sc. Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. University of Glasgow (Department of Materia (Chairman) Medica and Therapeutics) (Secretary) FIRST MEETING-13th February, 1957. TERMS OF REFERENCE--(‘TO investigate methods of assay for rauwolfia and its preparations with particular regard to the content of reserpine and related alkaloids.” PROGRESS OF WORK-At its inaugural meeting the Panel agreed that a chemical method of assay of the reserpine content of rauwolfia and its preparations should be sought, since the existing bio-assay is not considered satisfactory for assessing the hypotensive activity.Preliminary collaborative work on establishing a standard absorption curve for reserpine and the investigation of colorimetric assays for reserpine has started.318 [Vol. 82 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1966 APPENDIX I THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL METHODS TRUST ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31s~, 1956 Income and Expenditure Account for the Y e a r Ended October 31st, 1956 “A.M.C.” “ A .M.C.” 1955 1955 1 5 L Subscriptions from Industry L L 15 49 Telephone .. .. 630 as result of Appeal .. Rent, Light, Heat and L L 1198 Salaries . . .. .. 2274 Received in 1955 for 1956 150 232 Office Equipment .. 81 8794 Received during 1956 . . 6344 67 Printing and Stationery 168 6494 50 Travelling Expenses . . 62 Interest from Investments 27 Expenses of Meetings . . 26 (representing former Ana- I Audit Fee . . .. 21 lytical Chemistry Research Postage and Petty Ex- Fund) : Scholarship Grant (7 Income Tax recoverable 1 Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year ended October 31st, 1956, transferred to Accumulated Fund 2634 92 penses . . .. . . 83 Received gross . . .. 7 1715 - - 3345 Received net . . .. 2 10 -- I months) .. .. 525 - __. -- 7079 158794 L6504 A8794 is504 ___ -__ - - Accumulated Fund 1955 1955 i k Balance a t October Slst, 1955 7079 15 it: Legal Expenses in connection with f; - formation of the Trust .. .. 93 Less: 7079 Balance carried to Balance Sheet . . 9690 Subscriptions received in 1055 : For 1956 . . . . 150 For 1957 .. . . 150 __ 300 - - 6779 Cost Price of Investments (representing the former Ana- lytical Chemistry Research Fund) transferred by Reso- lution of the Society for Analytical Chemistry . . 244 Accumulated Income therefrom to October 31st, 1955 . . 126. 370 - - Excess of Income over Ex- penditure for the year ended 7079 October 31st, 1956 . . . . 2634 A0783 -- __- ___ L9783 A7079 Balance Sheet at October 31st, 1956 - - __ A7079 -- 1955 1955 L 1 5 Investments (at Cost) : L f ; L Accunaulated Fund: L 7079 Balance a t 31st October, 1956 9690 LlOO 32% Ceylon Govern- - Sundry Creditors .. .. 21 ment Stock, 1934-59 . . 61 - Subscriptions in Advance . . 150 A100 3&% Conversion Stock 83 __ 171 A100 34% War Stock . . 100 - 244 Income T a x recoverable .. 1 Cash: - - A t Bank .. .. .. 9474 In the Hands of the Society 7079 for Analytical Chemistry 142 - 9616 is861 157079 f;9861 -- ___ ___ -- L7079 -May, 19571 REPORT OF THE ANALYTICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, 1956 319 Report of the Auditors to the Trustees of The Society for Analytical Chemistry Analytical Methods Trust Fund We have examined the above Balance Sheet which in our opinion gives a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Trust at 31st October, 1956. 10 New Court, Lincoln’s Inn, (Signed) RIDLEY, HESLOP & SAINER, LONDON, W.C.2. Chartered A ccountants, 14th March, 1957. A uditors. Schedule of Investments at October 31st, 1956 Nominal Market Value Income Amount Cost 31.10.56 Received Ceylon Government 3f% Stock, 1959 . . 100 61 90 3 34% Conversion Stock . . .. .. .. 100 83 69 2 34% War Stock . . .. .. .. . . 100 100 72 4 L244 i 2 3 1 L9 ~~~ - = - APPENDIX I1 SUBSCRIBERS TO THE TRUST FUND Albright & Wilson Ltd. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. James Anderson & Co. (Colours) Ltd. Laporte Chemicals Ltd. The Associated Ethyl Company Ltd. Levy West Laboratories Ltd. Bakelite Ltd. J. Lyons & Co. Ltd. Baker Perkins Ltd. Rlacfarlane, Lang & Co. Ltd. Baker Platinum Ltd. John Mackintosh & Sons Ltd. J. Bibby & Sons Ltd. The Marmite Food Extract Co. Ltd. A. Boake, Roberts & Co. Ltd. May & Baker Ltd. Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd. The Metal Box Company Ltd. Borax Consolidated Ltd. The Millers’ Mutual Association The British Aluminium Co. Ltd. Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. The British Arkady Co. Ltd. National Coal Board British Celanese Ltd. 0x0 Ltd. The British Drug Houses Ltd. Peek, Frean & Co. Ltd. British Electricity Authority Pilkington Brothers Ltd. British Glues & Chemicals Ltd. Procea Products Ltd. The British Oxygen Co. Ltd. Reckitt & Colman Ltd. Brotherton & Co. Ltd. Roche Products Ltd. Cadbury Brothers Ltd. Rowntree & Co. Ltd. Cooper, McDougall & Robertson Ltd. “Shell” Research Lt d. The Distillers Company Ltd. John & E. Sturge Ltd. Dunlop Research Centre Tate & Lyle Ltd. Esso Development Co. Ltd. Thorium Ltd. Ferranti Ltd. Unilever Ltd. Fisons Ltd. Virol Ltd. Glaxo Laboratories Ltd. Vitamins Ltd. Thomas Hedley & Co. Ltd. The Wellcome Foundation Ltd. Hopkin & Williams Ltd. Weston Research Laboratories Ltd. (formerly Horlicks Ltd. Allied Bakeries Research Laboratories Huntley & Palmers Ltd. Ltd.)

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9578200307

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

320 ADDRESS OF THE RETIRING PRESIDENT [Vol. 82 Address of the Retiring President K. A. WILLIAMS, BSc., PH.D., A.INsT.P., M.INsT.PET., F.R.I.C. (Delivered after the Annual General Meeting, March lst, 1957) FROM the earliest days of our Society it has been the pleasant duty of its President to report each year on what has happened during the year to the Society, how it has progressed in its relations with the outside world, and how it has served the needs of its members. For at least half the Society’s life-time the President’s annual addresses were mainly concerned with those matters that were our primary interest at the inception of the Society, namely means whereby adulteration of food might be suppressed and the moves that had to be taken to that end. I t was not until the period of the First World War that a President turned his attention to other matters, and it is not surprising for those who knew him to realise that it was Chaston Chapman who took this revolutionary step, and that his subject was the training of the analytical chemist.It must not, however, be assumed that our first interest of the early years was our only one. From the very beginning The Analyst has included in its pages papers ranging over the whole subject of analytical chemistry as known a t the time, and the abstracts in the journal have always been designed to cover as far as possible a similarly wide field. With the opening up of fresh fields for a President to address his Society upon, we find that while some continued to speak on conventional lines others spoke on matters not directly connected with the Society’s progress, and still others set out to advise their fellow members and those attracted to the profession on how to advance its credit in the eyes of the world.In particular, addresses by Chaston Chapman and Bolton on this aspect of the subject, though they brought some criticism at the time, did much to increase the respect of others for our members. After the First World War it was felt, too, that too big a burden was placed on each President by requiring him to speak formally at the end of each of his two years of office, and for many years now it has been the custom for the address to be given at the end of the term, and for a lecture to be given in the intermediate years by a distinguished guest.At about the same time, the formal report on the work of the year was removed from the President’s address and presented to the Annual General Meeting of the Society by the Honorary Secretary on behalf of the President and the Council. It is a little difficult to assign a date from which analytical chemistry may be said to have developed, but there are some reasons for choosing February lst, in the year 1769, as it was then that Lavoisier completed his first quantitative experiments with the balance and so led the way to establish the foundations of modern chemistry. The next seventy years saw the rise of many new chemical industries and the establishment of special schools and laboratories for training chemists and investigators; and with them came the growing development of the technical and industrial chemist and the new profession of practical chemistry. Not only were there no industrial schools in which training could be obtained, but the employment of pure science as a source of profit was looked on by many, especially those of an academic turn of mind, with disfavour.The practitioners of pure science regarded applied science as impure science. As has been said by Schiller, “Science to one is the mother revered by the gods; to another only a cow whence to squeeze profits in butter and cheese.” In those days there were circumstances that tended to justify this conception of an impure science, for the growth of knowledge led to the appearance of a multitude who put their learning to base uses, The adulteration of food began to be practised to an almost unlimited degree, and in ways so subtle as to escape detection. A new type of scientist had to appear, so that the problem of adulteration might be coped with, It may well be that this is why analytical chemistry developed first and most powerfully through work on foods rather than in other directions. Tribute must be paid to Frederick Accum for his handling of the situation, for it was he who took the first steps to suppress sophistication and to popularise analytical chemistry.In the first twenty years of the nineteenth century he published books dealing with methods for discovering the purity of drugs and medicinal preparations, a system of chemistry, a The new profession, as was to be expected, found many sources of difficulty.May, 19571 ADDRESS OF THE RETIRING PRESIDENT 321 practical essay on the analysis of minerals, ;i.course of lectures on experimental chemistry and mineralogy, a descriptive catalogue of apparatus and instruments employed in experi- mental and operative chemistry and in analytical chemistry, a treatise on gaslight, a practical essay on chemical reagents and tests, a book of chemical amusements and, most famous of all, a treatise on the adulterations of food and culinary poisons, with methods for detecting them: “Death in the Pot.” His work was taken up a few years later in 2 more official manner by Hassall and Lethaby, who, in 1850, conducted their Analytical Sanitary Commission to investigate food adulteration in London and the neighbourhood at the instigation of the Editor of The Lancet. They reported in 1855, a Select Parliamentary Committee was set up to investigate further, and as a result the first Adulteration Act was passed in 1860. I t proved of little practical use, but paved the way for the new Act of 1872. Surprising as it may seem, the operations of Hassall and his colleagues did not meet with universal approval, for I find these strictures on their helpful advice in an early adition of “Enquire Within upon Everything.” In the twenty-first edition, of 1864, it is remarked : “Someone has written a little book to inform people ‘How to detect Adulterations in our Daily Food and Drink,” and there is room for someone else to write a key to the said little book entitled ‘How to understand the instructions in How to Detect Adulteration in our Daily Food and Drink,’ for although the advertisement of the book says that it gives instruc- tions for the employment of ‘simple Means’ of detection, the means suggested are highly impracticable and in some instances dangerous.Thus the housewife who sets about the discovery of some supposed evil may, by an error or accident-the upsetting of a bottle of sulphuric acid, or the explosion of a receiver of gas-do herself more injury in an hour than she would suffer from adulteration in a lifetime.” After satirically exposing the difficultites and dangers of chemical analysis, the writer goes on to give his methods for ensuring the cleanliness and purity of foods. It must be recorded that they are relatively simple and ineffective, and where adulteration cannot be found by simple observations of a water extract, or similarly, the advice is usually “buy the best” or “prepare the material yourself.” I t was in this atmosphere, with the Act of 1872 in mind, that our Society was formed.We have the history of its formation and its development preserved for us in the pages of the minute books of the Council, which are complete, and in the pages of The Analyst, and, of course, I need hardly mention, in Dr. Bernard Dyer’s account published after we had been in existence for fifty years. Whether one reads the early accounts of the Council meetings or the early pages of The Analyst, one cannot fail to be impressed by the earnestness of the Society’s members. At all times they were ready to find ways and means of catching out the adulterator of food or drugs, a t all times they were ready to pass strictures on any fellow member who, in their view, failed to carry out his duties with sufficient care or with zeal equivalent to their own, Indeed, the pursuit of one member for his supposed lack of care so roused the feelings of other members in reaction that dissension appeared in the ranks of the Council itself, and the President and Honorary Treasurer resigned in protest.Such dissension was, however, unique and soon yielded to mediation; the officers rejoined the Society, largely a t the instance of Bernard Dyer. I do not remember ever to have heard of another such instance of disagreement within the Society, certainly never of one that led to such drastic action.Even in the negotiations that led to the great changes of recent years-the alteration of our name and the abandonment of professional objects-the greatest goodwill prevailed. We have always appeared the most united of scientific societies in this country and the most renowned for the friendship existing between its members. It was to a Society with this reputation for kindliness and goodwill that I was introduced at the outset of my own practical experience of chemistry. We were then throwing off the worst effects of the first great war to have engaged this country’s attention for a number of generations; we looked forward to a period when war should be no more, when the good things of the earth could once again be at our service freely; and with the knowledge gained in the last few years a t our disposal, we saw in front of us a period of peace and unlimited prosperity.That this was not to be enjoyed in the manner we hoped became apparent only later. But it was in the atmosphere of hope and progress that I entered the laboratory of E. R. Bolton, then Honorary Secretary of the Society. I can claim therefore, as few others can, that from the outset of my practical322 ADDRESS OF THE RETIRING PRESIDENT [Vol. 82 experience of chemistry, as applied to natural products, I have been under the wing of the Society. Years before I became a member I was being instructed in its ways, and I think that many of the ideas of progress that were floating around in the Council, and many of the schemes that offered themselves for improving the lot of analytical chemists, came to my ears far earlier in the nineteen twenties than could have been expected.This is not, of course, to suggest that Bolton or any of his colleagues ever disclosed matters to a very junior analyst that should have remained in the Council room; very much to the contrary. But there was a kindliness about that I shall never forget; an interest taken by the senior members of the Society in the new recruits, and indeed in those who might be recruits, that speaks volumes in praise of the great men of the period. I believe we still have this interest to-day; it is true that it is not so easy to show it, with our so greatly increased membership. But I still find plenty of evidence that help is there for all who want it, and a sympathetic and helpful outlook to young chemists remains among our chief characteristics.There is no doubt that we were then emerging as a Society with a future as well as a past. Gone were the days of the eighties when we nearly amalgamated with the Institute of Chemistry on the grounds of similarity of objects. Now it was clear that our function lay in the furtherance of analytical chemistry, and not in qualifying men to practice it, though for many more years we were to look after the professional status of public analysts with a very jealous eye. In this period your Presidents added, as I have said, to their addresses some ideas for helping the progress of our branch of the profession of chemistry. We widened our outlook on Analytical Chemistry, and thereby strengthened our standing in the world.Had the need not arisen for them and for the thrust they used in advancing the analytical chemistry of food and drugs, we should not have seen SO quick an advance in analytical chemistry generally or in the welfare of our Society. The days since 1940 have been, I suppose, even more difficult from the point of view of carrying out any practical policy than those that followed the First World War. Our view- point certainly seemed more rational. We had the great fillip derived from the impact of science on the community to help our expansion; and this we organised to our advantage by the setting up of subject groups. I have always thought that this practical idea, intro- duced as it was in the dark days of the war, to have been one of the finest that we have ever had, and its implementation to have been one of the most practical.But expansion was not limited to the starting up of groups: the Society itself and its Sections, soon to number four in all, were pushing ahead. Meetings, perhaps rather sparsely attended during the war, found themselves with a greater audience than even the Chemical Society’s room could hold. We had succeeded in popularising them. How did this come about? I think many of YOU know the answer; it lay in the deliberate adoption by those then responsible for choosing the programmes of meetings of a settled policy designed to exactly the end that was achieved. It is of course arguable whether it is better to interest a large number of peopIe a t a given meeting by the choice of a popular subject, or to concentrate on a subject of limited appeal and gather only a small audience.Good will come from either type of meeting; but it has been felt very strongly that it is the larger meetings that redound most to the Society’s credit and help it best to advance the knowledge of its members. Perhaps there is room for both kinds of meeting; we have had both in recent years. We have, too, tried the experiment of holding meetings addressed by distinguished foreign chemists, and these have proved most successful. There is no doubt whatever that such meetings should be continued. With the right lecturer we can continue to fill the lecture room of the Royal Institution, and provide what is perhaps one of the largest audiences in this country for a chemical lecture to-day.It seems only right to me that I should in relinquishing the Presidential Chair of this Society, which nurtured me and through which I have learnt almost all I know about analytical chemistry, bring before you some thoughts such as these on the means which we have adopted for furthering our objects; and I feel that if I speak of our meetings I should also speak of our journals as well. I am sure that YOU will all agree with me that from the scientific point of view both The Analyst and Analytical Abstracts are highly successful. It is part of your Council’s declared policy to make them as nearly self-supporting as possible in the next year or so. The cost of the journals is mounting rapidly. It now costs about LlOO to print a paper of average length in The Analyst, and nearly fifty shillings for each abstract.But let us not forget the activities of our early forebears.May, 19571 ADDRESS OF THE RETIRING PRESIDENT 323 It is believed that after the next year or two it may prove very difficult for the Chemical Council to make grants even for the publication of original work in pure chemistry, let alone for the publication of abstracts. We are therefore faced with the prospect of having to cut our coat according to our supply of cloth; in other words, of making quite sure in the immediate future that the cost of producing our journals does not exceed the funds we can raise ourselves. It is true that there might be a possibility of persuading industry to help us, but success in such a direction would certainly depend on outstanding quality in the publications.Now, therefore, is the time for us to take stock and to see what we can do. One’s first reaction is that some form of curtailment of printed matter is wanted. I believe that we could well compress most of the chemical papers that are published in this country to-day into a fraction of the space they occupy. I do not for a moment advocate the suppression of anything that is useful in analysis or to analysts, and I am sure this is not necessary. But most writers use many more words in describing their work than are needed, either unwittingly or even in some instances from a desire to impress. To some length is synonymous with importance; to many of us it can be pretentious and boring; and I am sure that to most the short paper, streamlined and precise in its statements, is the most acceptable and of the greatest interest. When, therefore, an author has written a paper, I would counsel him to dissect it critically and prune it remorselessly. He will be surprised how much it improves. And at the same time not only will the reputation of the author grow, but so will that of the journal. I yield to none in appreciation of what we have done in the last few years in providing an acceptable abstracts journal of our own, and I believe that a similar high opinion of it is held in industry. Certainly sales of Analytical Abstracts are rising satisfactorily. Nevertheless, in the changing world in which we find ourselves to-day we need to streamline the journal. I believe this can be done by making a judicious selection of papers, recording all in title, and adding abstracts where they are justified, of length depending on the importance of the contents of the paper. It can be objected that any form of selection is bad and that all analytical papers should be abstracted. We can no longer do this. And I am sure that we shall gain immensely by boldly adopting a policy such as I have outlined, not only in our finances, but also in increased services to our readers. With abstracts the same principles apply.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9578200320

出版商:RSC    

年代:1957

数据来源: RSC